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| 1 | Etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by progressive bile duct destruction eventually leading to cirrhosis and liver failure.The serological hallmark of the disease is the presence of circulating antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA).These reflect the presence of autoreactive T and B cells to the culprit antigens,the E2 subunits of mitochondrial 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase enzymes,chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDC-E2).The disease results from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors.Genetic predisposition is indicated by the higher familial incidence of the disease particularly among siblings and the high concordance rate among monozygotic twins.Environmental triggering events appear crucial to disrupt a pre-existing unstable immune tolerance of genetic origin allowing,after a long latency,the emergence of clinical disease.Initiating mimetopes of the vulnerable epitope of the PDC-E2 autoantigen can be derived from microbes that utilize the PDC enzyme or,alternatively,environmental xenobiotics/chemical compounds that modify the structure of native proteins to make them immunogenic.A further alternative as a source of antigen is PDC-E2 derived from apoptotic cells.In the effector phase the biliary ductular cell,by reason of itsproclivity to express the antigen PDC-E2 in the course of apoptosis,undergoes a multilineage immune attack comprised of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and antibody.In this article,we critically review the available evidence on etiopathogenesis of PBC and present interpretations of complex data,new developments and theories,and nominate directions for future research. | Ana Lleo Pietro Invernizzi Ian R Mackay Harry Prince Ren-Qian Zhong M Eric Gershwin | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 9 |
| 2 | 高纤维膳食和补充乙酸盐改变肠道菌群,预防醋酸脱氧皮质酮-盐型高血压小鼠高血压和心力衰竭的发展显示文摘水果和蔬菜的膳食摄入与高血压的发生率较低有关,但所涉及的机制尚未阐明。该研究评估了高纤维膳食和短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acid,SCFA)(乙酸盐)对肠道微生物群和预防心血管病的影响。方法:用盐皮质激素诱发小鼠高血压模型,观测正常喂食组、高纤维喂食组和补充乙酸盐组的肠道微生物、心脏结构/功能和血压水平。 | 刘莉 叶鹏 Marques FZ Nelson EM Chu PY Horlock D Fiedler A Ziemann M Tan JK Kuruppu S Rajapakse NW El-Osta A Mackay CR Kaye DM | 2016 | 中华高血压杂志2016，24，12： | 8 |
| 3 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 4 | The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada显示文摘Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern latitudes.This is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental management.The Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in Canada.The network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing products.This paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling programme.An overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are described.Several of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is highlighted.Some future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper. | Chris M DEBEER Howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART Murray D MACKAY Philip MARSH | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，1： | 5 |
| 5 | Determination of quinolones and fluoroquinolones in fish tissue and seafood by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric detection显示文摘 | Johnston L Mackay L Croft M | 2002 | J Chromatogra A2002，982，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Molecular cloning of three cDNAs that encode cysteine proteinases in the digestive gland of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) 显示文摘 | Laycock M V Mackay R M Di Fruscio M | 1991 | FEBS Lett1991，292，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Reverse micellar synthesis of a nanoparticle/polymer composite 显示文摘 | Pavel F M Mackay R A | 2000 | Langmuir2000，16，23： | 1 |
| 8 | Variational Gaussian process classifiers显示文摘 | GIBBS M N MACKAY D J C | 2000 | IEEE Transactions on Neural Net- works2000，11，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Evaluation of a nurse-delivered smoking cessation intervention for hospitalized patients with cardiac disease显示文摘 | Johnson JL Budz B Mackay M | 1999 | Heart and Lung1999，28，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Multilineage paential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells 显示文摘 | PITFENGER M F MACKAY A M BECK S C | 1999 | Science1999，284，5411： | 1 |
| 11 | Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes 显示文摘 | MACKAY D J C NEAL R M | 1997 | Electronics Letters1997，33，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Real-time PCR in Virology 显示文摘 | Mackay I M Arden K E Nitsche A | 2002 | Nucleic Acids Res2002，30，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes 显示文摘 | Mackay D J C Neal R M | 1996 | Electronics Letters1996，33，6： | 1 |
| 14 | A Frame-work for classifying and quantifying the natural, capital, and e- cosystem services of soils显示文摘 | DOMINATI E PATTERSON M MACKAY A | 2010 | Ecological Economics2010，69，： | 1 |
| 15 | Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘 | Pittenger M F Mackay A M Beck S C | | 0，，5411： | 1 |
| 16 | Genetic control of so- matic embryogenesis initiation in loblolly pine and implications for breeding显示文摘 | MacKay J J Becwar M R Park Y S | 2006 | Tree Genet Genomes2006，2，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes显示文摘 | MACKAY D J C and NEAL R M | 1996 | Electronics Letters1996，32，18： | 1 |
| 18 | Phase II study of oral ridaforolimus in patients with metastatic and/or lo- cally advanced recurrent endometrial cancer: NCIC CTG 1ND 192显示文摘 | Mackay H Welch S Tsao M S | 2011 | J Clin Oncol2011，29，： | 1 |
| 19 | The non-structural polyprotein 3ABC of foot-and mouth disease virus as a diagnostic antigen in ELISA to differentiate infected from vaccinated cattle显示文摘 | Diego M D Brocchi E Mackay D | 1997 | Arch Virol1997，142，： | 1 |
| 20 | An assessment of the environmental fateand exposure of benzene and the chlorobenzenes in Canada显示文摘 | MACLEOD M MACKAY D | 1999 | Chemosphere1999，38，8： | 1 |
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