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| 1 | Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors显示文摘Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease entity.Radiation offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor prognosis.However,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose regimen.This article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy guidelines.Specific patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with radiation.Indeed,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special consideration.Implementing a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint selection.Strategies to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(ITV) expansions,non-gated ITV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or tracking.Localization of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin management.Finally,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies. | Michael I Lock Jonathan Klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward Y Kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S Lo | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017,9,14: | 2 |
| 2 | Direct and Indirect Effects of Three Core Charismatic Leadership Components on Performance and Attitude显示文摘 | KIRKPATRICK S A LOCKE E A | 1996 | Journal of Applied Psychology1996,,1: | 1 |
| 3 | Addressing the challenges of tetracycline analysis in soil:extraction,clean-up,and matrix effects in LC-MS显示文摘 | O'Connor S Locke J Aga D S | | 0,,: | 1 |
| 4 | Risk of gastroparesis in subjects with type 1 and 2 diabetes in the ge- neral population显示文摘 | CHOUNG R S LOCKE G R SCHLECK C D | 2012 | The American Journal of Gastroenterolo- gy2012,107,1: | 1 |
| 5 | Comparison of airway remodeling in acute,subacute and chronic models of allergic airways disease显示文摘 | Locke N R Royce S G Wainewright J S | 2007 | Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol2007,36,5: | 1 |
| 6 | Treatment of hereditary tyrosinaemia type I by inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenylpyrurvate diox- ygenase 显示文摘 | Lindstedt S Holme E Lock EA | 1992 | Lancet1992,340,8823: | 1 |
| 7 | Hematocrit interference of blood glucose meters for patient self-measurement 显示文摘 | Ramljak S Lock JP Schipper C | 2013 | J Diabetes Sci Techno12013,7,1: | 1 |
| 8 | 显示文摘 | LOCK S J THIBAULT P | 1994 | Anal Chem1994,66,: | 1 |
| 9 | Heat transfer and aerodynamics of turbine blade tips in a linear cascade显示文摘 | NEWTON P J LOCK G D KRISHNABABU S K | 2006 | ASME Journal of Turbomachinery2006,128,2: | 1 |
| 10 | Study of 4-quinolone antibiotics in biological samples by short-column liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | Volmer D A Mansoori B Locke S | 1997 | Analysis Chemistry1997,69,9: | 1 |
| 11 | Urinary N - acetyl - β - glucosamini- dase activity in type diabetes mellitus 显示文摘 | Jones AP Lock S Griffiths KD | 2010 | Ann Clin Biochem2010,32,1: | 1 |
| 12 | Leadership;do traits matter显示文摘 | Kirkpatrick S A Locke E A | 1991 | Academy of Management Executive1991,5,2: | 1 |
| 13 | Cumulative incidence of chronic constipation:a population based study 1988-2003显示文摘 | Choung R S Locke G R Schleck C D | 2007 | Aliment Pharmacol Ther2007,26,: | 1 |
| 14 | Study of 4-quinoloncantibiotics in biological samples by short column liquid chromatography coupled with electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | Volmer D A Mansoori B Locke S J | 1997 | Anal Chem1997,69,9: | 1 |
| 15 | Entrepreneurial motivation 显示文摘 | Shane S Locke E A Collins C J | 2003 | Human Resource Management Review2003,13,2: | 1 |
| 16 | Autophagy facilitates glycolysis during Ras-mediated oncogenic transformation显示文摘 | Lock R Roy S Kenific CM | | 0,,: | 1 |
| 17 | Adsorption of SO2 on sewage sludge-derived materials显示文摘 | BASHKOVA S BAGREEV A LOCKE D C | 2001 | Environ Sci Technol2001,35,: | 1 |
| 18 | A Dynamic Estimation of Governance Structures and Financial Performance for Singaporean Companies 显示文摘 | Nguyen T Locke S Reddy K | 2013 | Available at SSRN 23147732013,,: | 1 |
| 19 | Total synthesis of a sialylated and sulfated oligosaccharide from O-linked glycoproteins显示文摘 | XIA J ABBAS S A LOCKE R D | 2000 | Tetrahedron Lett2000,,2: | 1 |
| 20 | Electrohydraulic discharge and nonthermal plasma for water treatment 显示文摘 | Locke B R Sato M Sunka P Hoffmann M R Chang J S | 2006 | Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research2006,45,3: | 1 |