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| 1 | 急性肾小球肾炎的循证诊治指南显示文摘该指南由中国人民解放军医学会儿科分会肾脏病学组组织起草,以当前儿童原发性急性肾小球肾炎循证诊治的最佳临床实践证据,为儿科医师提供符合中国国情、可操作的儿童原发性急性肾小球肾炎诊断和治疗指南。 | Pediatrics Nephrology Group of The People’s Liberation Army Medical Association | 2013 | 临床儿科杂志2013，31，6： | 28 |
| 2 | Numerical simulations of self-propelled swimming of 3D bionic fish school显示文摘Numerical simulations of self-propelled swimming of a three dimensional bionic fish and fish school in a viscous fluid are carried out. This is done with the assistance of a parallel software package produced for 3D moving boundary problems. This computational fluid dynamics package combines the adaptive multi-grid finite volume method, the immersed boundary method and VOF (volume of fluid) method. By using the package results of the self-propelled swimming of a 3D bionic fish and fish school in a vis- cous fluid are obtained. With comparison to the existing experimental measurements of living fishes, the predicted structure of vortical wakes is in good agreement with the measurements. | WU ChuiJie1 & WANG Liang2 1 State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China 2 Research Center for Fluid Dynamics, People’s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，3： | 23 |
| 3 | Investigation of the effect of berberines alkaloids in Coptis chinensis Franch on Bacillus shigae growthby microcalorimetry显示文摘The inhibitory effects of five berberines alkaloids (BAs) from rhizoma of Coptis chinensis Franch, a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb, on Bacillus shigae (B. shigae) growth were investigated by microcalorimetry. The power-time curves of B. shigae with and without BAs were acquired; meanwhile, the extent and duration of inhibitory effects on the metabolism were evaluated by growth rate constants (k1, k2), half inhibitory ratio (IC50), maximum heat output (Pmax), and peak time (tp). The values of k1 and k2 of B. shigae in the presence of the five BAs decreased with the increasing concentrations of BAs. Moreover, Pmax was reduced, and the value of tp increased with increasing concentrations of the five drugs. The inhibitory activity varied with different drugs. IC50 of the five BAs was respectively 75 μg/mL for berberine, 90 μg/mL for coptisine, 115 μg/mL for palmatine, 220 μg/mL for epiberberine, and 400 μg/mL for jatrorrhizine. The sequence of antimicrobial activity of the five BAs: berberine > coptisine > palmatine > epiberberine > jatrorrhizine. The functional groups methylenedioxy at C2 and C3 on phenyl ring improve antimicrobial activity more strongly than methoxyl at C2 and C3 on phenyl ring. However, the effect of bacteriostasis is not significant with methylenedioxy or methoxyl at C9 and C10 on phenyl ring. | YAN Dan1,2,3, JIN Cheng1, XIAO XiaoHe1 & DONG XiaoPing2 1 Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China 2 Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China 3 Chongqing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China | 2007 | Science China Chemistry2007，50，5： | 20 |
| 4 | 晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落优势种种间关系研究显示文摘文中在对晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落进行样方调查的基础上,筛选了16个群落优势种,采用χ^2检验、Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数和聚类分析相结合的方法,对该16个优势种、共120个种对的种间关系进行了研究。结果表明:1)χ^2检验、Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关分析结果基本一致,晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植物群落优势种负关联种对数显著多于正关联的种对数;2)16个优势种种对间关联率较高,且正负关联比均小于1,说明该区大多数人工植物群落比较脆弱,群落结构简单,应加强其科学管护;3)正关联的种对主要体现了种对间生物学特性相近,对生境的生态适应性相似和相互重叠的生态位;而负关联的种对间往往具有不同的生物学特性,对生境条件的适应性相异或存在相互竞争。乔木层中小叶杨与油松,灌木层中乌柳与柠条锦鸡儿,草本层中沙生冰草与披碱草等种对间呈极显著负相关,在植被恢复中不宜混种。而不同层间的小叶杨和沙棘、沙生冰草,油松与达乌里胡枝子、新疆杨与柠条锦鸡儿、鹅观草等种对间呈极显著正相关,在植被恢复中适宜混种;4)根据Spearman秩相关系数聚类分析结果和植物种的生态习性及分布范围,将16个优势种划分为4个生态种组。 | 韩锦涛 李素清 赵德怀 Karsten Liber | 2016 | 干旱区资源与环境2016，30，12： | 16 |
| 5 | 山西阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系显示文摘为揭示煤矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种的种间联结性,在野外样方调查的基础上,采用χ^2检验、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验方法,研究阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落16个优势种的种间关系.结果表明:(i)120个种对中,χ^2检验与Pearson相关检验的正负关联比(分别为3.0和1.80)大于1,而Spearman秩相关检验的正负关联比(0.94)小于1;(ii)与χ~2检验和Pearson相关检验相比,Spearman秩相关检验的灵敏度高于Pearson相关检验,反映种间关系更准确;(iii)120个种对中呈不显著相关种对数明显大于极显著或显著相关种对,说明阳泉矿区煤矸石山自然定居植物群落的结构简单,仍处于演替初、中期阶段;(iiii)根据Spearman秩相关系数,将16个优势种分为3个生态种组,导致生态种组分化的主导因子是土壤水分条件.因此,在阳泉矿区煤矸石山植被恢复初期应以人工恢复为主,以加快其演替进程;优势种白羊草与臭椿、荆条与刺槐、杠柳与荆条或刺槐、臭椿与刺槐等5个种对间呈极显著或显著正相关,它们为耐旱、耐贫瘠、生态适应性强的先锋物种,可用于该区煤矸石山人工植被恢复的优选先锋物种进行混合种植. | 李木楠 李志娟 李素清 Karsten Liber | 2015 | 应用与环境生物学报2015，21，6： | 13 |
| 6 | Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke(draft)显示文摘Overview Heats stroke(HS)is severe sunstroke caused by a rapid increase in one’s core temperature in excess of 40°C from exposure to a hot and humid environment.HS is accompanied by serious clinical syndromes that damage multiple organ systems.h ese syndromes include burning skin and impaired awareness,such as delir ium,conv ul sions,and loss of consciousness.Exertional heat stroke(EHS)is caused by a rapid increase in one’s core temperature in excess of 40°C from high | People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine | 2015 | Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)2015，30，1： | 11 |
| 7 | Monitoring early responses to irradiation with dual-tracer micro-PET in dual-tumor bearing mice显示文摘AIM: To monitor the early responses to irradiation in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with 18 Ffluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT) and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) small-animal position emission tomography (micro-PET). METHODS: The primary and metastatic CRC cell lines, SW480 and SW620, were irradiated with 5, 10 and 20, l l l , Gy. After 24 h, the cell cycle phases were analyzed. A dual-tumor-bearing mouse model of primary and metastatic cancer was established by injecting SW480 and SW620 cells into mice. micro-PET with 18 F-FLT and 18 F-FDG was performed before and 24 h after irradiation with 5, 10 and 20 Gy. The region of interest (ROI) was drawn over the tumor and background to calculate the ratio of tumor to non-tumor (T/NT) in tissues. Immunohistochemical assay and Western blotting were used to examine the levels of integrin β3, Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). RESULTS: The proportion of SW480 and SW620 cells in the G 2 -M phase was decreased with an increasing radiation dose. The proportion of SW480 cells in the G 0 -G 1 phase was increased from 48.33% ± 4.55% to 87.09% ± 7.43% (P < 0.001) and that of SW620 cells in the S-phase was elevated from 43.57% ± 2.65% to 66.59% ± 7.37% (P = 0.021). In micro-PET study, with increasing dose of radiation, 18 F-FLT uptake was significantly reduced from 3.65 ± 0.51 to 2.87 ± 0.47 (P = 0.008) in SW480 tumors and from 2.22 ± 0.42 to 1.76 ± 0.45 (P = 0.026) in SW620 tumors. 18 F-FDG uptake in SW480 and SW620 tumors was reduced but not significantly (F = 0.582, P = 0.633 vs F = 0.273, P = 0.845). Dose of radiation was negatively correlated with 18 F-FLT uptake in both SW480 and SW620 tumors (r = -0.727, P = 0.004; and r = -0.664, P = 0.009). No significant correlation was found between 18 F-FDG uptake and radiation dose in SW480 or SW620 tumors. HSP27 and integrin β3 expression was higher in SW480 than in SW620 tumors. The T/NT ratio for 18 F-FLT uptake was positively correlated with HSP27 and integrin β3 expression (r = 0.924, P = 0.004; and r = 0.813, P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: 18 F-FLT is more suitable than 18 F-FDG in monitoring early responses to irradiation in both primary and metastatic lesions of colorectal cancer. | Hui Wang, Jia-He Tian, Bai-Xuan Xu, Zhi-Wei Guan, ChangBin Liu, Rui-Min Wang, Ying-Mao Chen, Jin-Ming Zhang, Nuclear Medicine Department, The General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and Military Medical Postgraduate College, Beijing 100853, China Bo Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and Military Medical Postgraduate College, Beijing 100853, China Bao-Lin Qu, Department of Radiation Oncology, The General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and Military Medical Postgraduate College, Beijing 100853, China | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，43： | 10 |
| 8 | Cirrhosis and autoimmune liver disease:Current understanding显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) and autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) constitute the classic autoimmune liver diseases(AILDs).While AIH target the hepatocytes,in PBC and PSC the targets of the autoimmune attack are the biliary epithelial cells.Persistent liver injury,associated with chronic AILD,leads to un-resolving inflammation,cell proliferation and the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by hepatic stellate cells and portal myofibroblasts.Liver cirrhosis,and the resultant loss of normal liver function,inevitably ensues.Patients with cirrhosis have higher risks or morbidity and mortality,and that in the decompensated phase,complications of portal hypertension and/or liver dysfunction lead to rapid deterioration.Accurate diagnosis and monitoring of cirrhosis is,therefore of upmost importance.Liver biopsy is currently the gold standard technique,but highly promising non-invasive methodology is under development.Liver transplantation(LT) is an effective therapeutic option for the management of endstage liver disease secondary to AIH,PBC and PSC.LT is indicated for AILD patients who have progressed to end-stage chronic liver disease or developed intractable symptoms or hepatic malignancy;in addition,LT may also be indicated for patients presenting with acute liver disease due to AIH who do not respond to steroids. | Rodrigo Liberal Charlotte R Grant | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，28： | 10 |
| 9 | Identification of in vivo induced protein antigens of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi during human infection显示文摘During infectious disease episodes, pathogens express distinct subsets of virulence factors which allow them to adapt to different environments. Hence, genes that are expressed or upregulated in vivo are implicated in pathogenesis. We used in vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) to identify antigens which are expressed during infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. We identified 7 in vivo induced (IVI) antigens, which included BcfD (a fimbrial structural subunit), GrxC (a glutaredoxin 3), SapB (an ABC-type transport system), T3663 (an ABC-type uncharacterized transport system), T3816 (a putative rhodanese-related sulfurtransferase), T1497 (a probable TonB-dependent receptor) and T3689 (unknown function). Of the 7 identified antigens, 5 antigens had no cross-immunoreactivity in adsorbed control sera from healthy subjects. These 5 included BcfD, GrxC, SapB, T3663 and T3689. Antigens identified in this study are potential targets for drug and vaccine development and may be utilized as diagnostic agents. | HU Yong1,2, CONG YanGuang1, LI Shu1, RAO XianCai1, WANG Gang3 & HU FuQuan1 1 Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China 2 Department of Biotechnology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 3rd Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Baoji 721004, China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，10： | 9 |
| 10 | Inactive matrix Gla protein is elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘BACKGROUND Matrix Gla protein(MGP)is a vitamin K dependent peptide which has an established role in suppression of vascular calcification.Recent studies have pointed to a possible link between immunomodulatory effect of MGP and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).AIM To compare plasma levels of dephosphorylated and uncarboxylated MGP(dpucMGP)between IBD patients and controls.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 patients with IBD(30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 40 patients with Crohn’s disease)and 60 age and gender matching healthy controls.Plasma dp-ucMGP levels were analyzed from blood samples by CLIA method using IDS-iSYS InaKtif MGP(Immunodiagnostic Systems,Frankfurt,Germany)according to the manufacturer's instructions.fecal calprotectin(FC)levels were determined from stool samples by turbidimetric immunoassay method using Bühlmann fecal calprotectin turbo assay(Bühlmann Laboratories Aktiengesellschaft,Schonenbuch,Switzerland).Other parameters were analyzed according to the standard laboratory procedures.RESULTS Plasma levels of dp-ucMGP were significantly higher in patients with IBD compared to the healthy control group(629.83±124.20 pmol/mL vs 546.7±122.09 pmol/mL,P<0.001),and there was no significant difference between patients with Crohn’s disease and patients with ulcerative colitis(640.02±131.88 pmol/mL vs 616.23±113.92 pmol/mL,P=0.432).Furthermore,a significant positive correlation of plasma dp-ucMGP levels was found with both FC levels(r=0.396,P<0.001)and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP)levels(r=0.477,P<0.001).Moreover,in the total study population a significant positive correlation was found between dp-ucMGP with age(r=0.210,P=0.016)and waist circumference(r=0.264,P=0.002).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that dp-ucMGP levels retained significant association with FC(β±SE,0.06±0.02,P=0.003).CONCLUSION Study results support experimental data of MGP immunomodulatory IBD effect and indicate potential involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease,and possibly extraintestinal manifestations. | Darko Brnic Dinko Martinovic Piero Marin Zivkovic Daria Tokic Marino Vilovic Doris Rusic Ivana Tadin Hadjina Christian Libers Sandro Glumac Daniela Supe-Domic Ante Tonkic Josko Bozic | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，32： | 5 |
| 11 | The ratio of MMP-2 to TIMP-2 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma:a semi-quantitative study显示文摘BACKGROUND: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is associated with low resectability and poor survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of matrix metalloproteinases- 2 (MMP-2 ) and its tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in tumor invasion or as a prognostic factor in patients with human hilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: The expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were investigated in patients. Paraffinized tissue sections ob- tained from 50 patients with human hilar cholangiocarcino- ma were analysed. The expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were examined immunohistochemically. Image analysis with image-pro plus analysis software was used to semi- quantitatively determine the ratio of MMP-2 to TIMP-2. RESULTS: The expression levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were strongly associated with tumor hepatic invasion in pa- tients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Significant diffe- rences in the ratio of MMP-2 to TIMP-2 between some pathologic factors were observed in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-2 plays an essential role in tumor invasion and metastasis,while TIMP-2 is shown to strongly inhibit cancer invasion and metastasis. The ratio of MMP-2 to TIMP-2 may be a prognostic indicator for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. | Mei Xiao, Nin-Xing Zhou,Zhi-Qiang Huang,Ya-Li Lu, Ling-Hong Chen, Dian-Jun Wang and Wei-Lin Chang Beijing, China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Air- force of Hospital, Beijing 100036, China and General Hospital of People’ s Liberation Army, Beijing 100853 , China | 2004 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2004，3，4： | 5 |
| 12 | Development of a script of phonemically balanced monosyllable lists of Mandarin-Chinese显示文摘Objectives To develop a set of monosyllable audiometry test material that can be used in speech recognition testing in Mandarin Chinese. Materials and Methods In an effort to improve reliability and efficiency in clinical practice, a set of 30 test lists of 25 monosyllable test items each was designed with consideration of the following: length of the list, phonemical balance (PB), word utility frequency, coverage of common words, and equivalency among lists. The 30 lists contained 750 monosyllabic words and were constructed on the basis of Chinese phoneme distribution probability summarized in the Manual of Acoustic. The occurrence incidence of the 22 consonants, 36 vowels, and 4 tones of the Chinese Mandarin characters in the 30 test lists were calculated. To achieve PB, 489 monosyllables were selected from the 2500 most commonly used Chinese characters and the 4000 most commonly used Chinese phrases to compile the 30 monosyllable test lists using a computer algorithm with manual adjustment. Results Thirty phonemical balanced word lists of common Mandarin Chinese monosyllabic words were compiled. Each list consisted of 25 monosyllables. A total of 489 phonemes (consonants, vowels and tones) were included in the set. Conclusions This set of lists can potentially be used as the basic lists for future development of Mandarin PB monosyllable speech test materials. | JI Fei, CHEN Aiting, ZHAO Yang, XI Xin, HAN Dongyi Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China | 2010 | Journal of Otology2010，5，1： | 4 |
| 13 | Enhancement of Extracts from Celastrus orbiculatus on Maturation and Function of Dendritic Cells in vitro and in vivo显示文摘Objective To examine the immunoregulation of Celastrus orbiculatus extracts (COE), a traditional Chinese medicine, on maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and in vivo. Methods In vitro, after treated with COE in different nontoxic concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μg/mL) for 5 d, the surface immunological molecules and cytokine secretion of mice bone marrow-derived DCs in response to COE were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis (FACS) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. In vivo, mouse hepatoma cells (Hepa1-6, 1 × 106) were injected sc and were treated with different dosages of COE (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg/d). Effects on tumor growth were determined by tumor volume and histology analysis after 28 d administration of COE. The relative proportions of mature DCs and CD8+ T cells were measured in mononuclear cells that had been isolated from spleen by FACS. Results COE stimulated IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion of DCs, simultaneously enhanced the maturation of DCs by enhancing immunological molecule (CD40, CD80, CD86, H-2Kb, and I-Ab) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the chemotactic responses of DCs were significantly higher in COE-treated than untreated DCs, in association with higher chemokine receptor 7 expression. Furthermore, COE increased DCs produce IFN-γ and IL-2 in a dose-dependent manner when the concentration of COE less than 40 μg/mL, decreased DCs produce IL-10 and IL-4 also in a dose-dependent manner. In in vivo studies, COE can not only suppress growth of malignant hepatocellular carcinomas but also stimulate maturation of DCs, associated with strongly enhanced CD8+ CTL responses. Conclusion These data provide new insight into the mechanism of action of COE and indicate that the stimulation of maturation and function of DCs by COE contributes to its immunoregulatory effects. | QIAN Ya-yun1, ZHANG Hua2, YUAN Lin1,3, HOU Ying1, LIU Wei-wei1, LIU Yan-qing1 1. Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China 2. Department of nursing, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China 3. Department of Image, 97th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Xuzhou 221000, China | 2010 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2010，2，3： | 4 |
| 14 | Reducing component estimation for varying coefficient models with longitudinal data显示文摘Varying-coefficient models with longitudinal observations are very useful in epidemiology and some other practical fields.In this paper,a reducing component procedure is proposed for es- timating the unknown functions and their derivatives in very general models,in which the unknown coefficient functions admit different or the same degrees of smoothness and the covariates can be time- dependent.The asymptotic properties of the estimators,such as consistency,rate of convergence and asymptotic distribution,are derived.The asymptotic results show that the asymptotic variance of the reducing component estimators is smaller than that of the existing estimators when the coefficient functions admit different degrees of smoothness.Finite sample properties of our procedures are studied through Monte Carlo simulations. | TANG QingGuo~(1,2+) WANG JinDe~2 1 Institute of Sciences,People’s Liberation Army University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210007,China 2 Department of Mathematics,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China | 2008 | Science China Mathematics2008，51，2： | 4 |
| 15 | Sequential changes of body composition in patients with enterocutaneous fistula during the 10 days after admission显示文摘AIM:To investigate the sequential changes of body composition in the metablic response that occurred in a group of patients with entercutaneous fistula after admission to the hospital. | Xin-Bo Wang Jian-An Ren Jie-Shou Li,Clinical School of Medical College,Nanjing University,Research Institute of General Surgery,Nanjing General Hospital,People’s Liberation Army,Nanjing 210002,Jiangsu Province,China | 2002 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2002，8，6： | 4 |
| 16 | Simultaneous multi-tear exclusion:an optimal strategy for type B thoracic aortic dissection initially proved by a single center's 8 years experience显示文摘背景 Endovascular 接枝stent 广泛地被用来对待胸的大动脉的 dissection.However ,很少信息都不关于跟随八年用为斯坦福的治疗的同时的多眼泪排除的经验打 B 胸的大动脉的解剖导致到1月2006,29日类型 B 胸的大动脉的解剖病人的从1998年9月的没有不利 events.Methods 的成功的大动脉的改变的多重 tears.This 报告细节的同时的排除的结果是可得到的( 24 个人, 5 | YUAN Liang-xi BAO Jun-min ZHAO Zhi-qing FENG Xiang OU Le-feng FENG Rui LU Qing-sheng MEI Zhi-jun JING Zai-ping Department of Vascular Surgery,Changhai Hospital,Second Military Medical University Institute of Vascular Surgery of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Clinic Center of Vascular Diseases of Shanghai National Key Department of Vascular Surgery of China Shanghai 200433,China (Yuan LX,Bao JM,Zhao ZQ,Feng X,Ou LF,Feng R,Lu QS,Mei ZJ and Jing ZP) | 2007 | Chinese Medical Journal2007，，24： | 3 |
| 17 | Management of autoimmune hepatitis:Focus on pharmacologic treatments beyond corticosteroids显示文摘In autoimmune hepatitis, patients who are intolerant or with toxicity experience, non-responders, relapsers or refractory are challenging. Non-standard drugs are being tried to preemptively avoid corticosteroid-related side effects. Prognosis and quality of life of life rely on treatment optimization. Recently, emergence of powerful immunosuppressive agents, mainly from liver transplantation, challenged the supremacy of the corticosteroid regime and promise greater immunosuppression than conventional medications, offer site-specific actions and satisfactory patient tolerance. Successes in experimental models of related diseases have primed these molecular interventions. We performed a literature review on alternative treatments. Azatioprine intolerance is the principal indication for mycophenolate use butit can be used as a front-line therapy. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus have been tested for non-responders or relapsers. Rituximab may be used as salvage therapy. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents may be used for incomplete responses or non-responders. Methotrexate is possibly an alternative for induction of remission and maintenance in refractory patients. Cyclophosphamide has been included in the induction regimen with corticosteroids. Ursodeoxycholic acid action is mainly immunomodulatory. Non-standard treatments are coming slowly to the attention, but its use should be cautious performed by experienced centers. | Marta Casal Moura Rodrigo Liberal Hélder Cardoso Ana Maria Horta e Vale Guilherme Macedo | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，6： | 2 |
| 18 | The retrieval of two-dimensional distribution of the earth's surface aerodynamic roughness using SAR image and TM thermal infrared image显示文摘After having analyzed the requirement on the aerodynamic earth’s surface rough- ness in two-dimensional distribution in the research field of interaction between land surface and atmosphere, this paper presents a new way to calculate the aerodynamic roughness using the earth’s surface geometric roughness retrieved from SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and TM thermal infrared image data. On the one hand, the SPM (Small Perturbation Model) was used as a theoretical SAR backscattering model to describe the relationship between the SAR back- scattering coefficient and the earth’s surface geometric roughness and its dielectric constant re- trieved from the physical model between the soil thermal inertia and the soil surface moisture with the simultaneous TM thermal infrared image data and the ground microclimate data. On the basis of the SAR image matching with the TM image, the non-volume scattering surface geo- metric information was obtained from the SPM model at the TM image pixel scale, and the ground pixel surface’s equivalent geometric roughness—height standard RMS (Root Mean Square) was achieved from the geometric information by the transformation of the typical to- pographic factors. The vegetation (wheat, tree) height retrieved from spectrum model was also transferred into its equivalent geometric roughness. A completely two-dimensional distribution map of the equivalent geometric roughness over the experimental area was produced by the data mosaic technique. On the other hand, according to the atmospheric eddy currents theory, the aerodynamic surface roughness was iterated out with the atmosphere stability correction method using the wind and the temperature profiles data measured at several typical fields such as bare soil field and vegetation field. After having analyzed the effect of surface equivalent geo- metric roughness together with dynamic and thermodynamic factors on the aerodynamic surface roughness within the working area, this paper first establishes a scale transformation model to calculate the aerodynamic surface roughness from surface equivalent geometric roughness. The final result retrieved from above series of models was validated using the filed measurements. It is concluded that the proposed approach is operational and feasible to derive the aerodynamic surface roughness at the pixel scale from a combination of the SAR and TM images. | ZHANG Renhua 1 ,WANG Jinfeng 1 ,ZHU Caiying 1,2 ,SUN Xiaomin 1 & ZHU Zhilin 1 1.Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2.Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Information Engineering University of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army,Zhengzhou 450052,China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，12： | 2 |
| 19 | Autoimmune Hepatitis After Liver Transplantation显示文摘 | Rodrigo Liberal Maria Serena Longhi Charlotte R. Grant Giorgina Mieli–Vergani Diego Vergani | 2012 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2012，，4： | 2 |
| 20 | Inhibition of NOTCH signaling by gamma secretase inhibitor engages the RB pathway and elicits cell cycle exit in T-Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells显示文摘 | RAO S S O'NEIL J LIBERATOR C D | 2009 | Cancer Res2009，69，： | 1 |
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