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| 1 | Spatial distribution of water-active soil layer along the south-north transect in the Loess Plateau of China显示文摘Soil water is an important composition of water recycle in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.However, intense water exchange between soil-plant and soil-atmosphere interfaces only occurs in a certain layer of the soil profile. For deep insight into water active layer(WAL, defined as the soil layer with a coefficient of variation in soil water content >10% in a given time domain) in the Loess Plateau of China,we measured soil water content(SWC) in the 0.0–5.0 m soil profile from 86 sampling sites along an approximately 860-km long south-north transect during the period 2013–2016. Moreover, a dataset contained four climatic factors(mean annual precipitation, mean annual evaporation, annual mean temperature and mean annual dryness index) and five local factors(altitude, slope gradient, land use, clay content and soil organic carbon) of each sampling site was obtained. In this study, three WAL indices(WALT(the thickness of WAL), WAL-CV(the mean coefficient of variation in SWC within WAL) and WALSWC(the mean SWC within WAL)) were used to evaluate the characteristics of WAL. The results showed that with increasing latitude, WAL-T and WAL-CV increased firstly and then decreased. WAL-SWC showed an opposite distribution pattern along the south-north transect compared with WAL-T and WAL-CV.Average WAL-T of the transect was 2.0 m, suggesting intense soil water exchange in the 0.0–2.0 m soil layer in the study area. Soil water exchange was deeper and more intense in the middle region than in the southern and northern regions, with the values of WAL-CV and WAL-T being 27.3% and 4.3 m in the middle region,respectively. Both climatic(10.1%) and local(4.9%) factors influenced the indices of WAL, with climatic factors having a more dominant effect. Compared with multiple linear regressions, pedotransfer functions(PTFs) from arti?cial neural network can better estimate the WAL indices. PTFs developed by artificial neural network respectively explained 86%, 81% and 64% of the total variations in WAL-T, WAL-SWC and WAL-CV. Knowledge of WAL is crucial for understanding the regional water budget and evaluating the stable soil water reserve, regional water characteristics and eco-hydrological processes in the Loess Plateau of China. | ZHAO Chunlei SHAO Ming'an JIA Xiaoxu HUANG Laiming ZHU Yuanjun | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，2： | 6 |
| 2 | Chemistry and source identification of wet precipitation in a rural watershed of subtropical China显示文摘South China is one of the regions severely suffering from acid rain in the world.However,few systematic studies of rural precipitation chemistry have been performed in comparison with the extensive studies on their urban counterparts of this region.In order to characterize the current acid rain status and identify its possible sources in the rural area of South China,we analyzed precipitation collected event by event from a rural forested watershed in southern Anhui Province between March 2007 and February 2010.The results showed that the concentrations of major ions within precipitation in the studied rural area were significantly lower than those reported for the urban areas of the same latitude in China.Nevertheless,the precipitation acidity(with an average pH value of 4.49) and the frequency of acid rain(95%) were considerably high.The relatively high ratio of(SO42+ NO 3)/(Ca2+ +NH4+) was the main cause of acid rain in this rural area,as SO 2 and NO x were the main precursors of acid rain,while Ca2+ and NH4+acted as the dominant neutralizers to the acidity.Source identification indicated that Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly were derived from alkaline dust,SO42,NO 3 and NH4+originated mainly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial and agricultural activities,most Na +,Cl,K + and some of Mg2+ were derived from the sea.The results suggested that the major ions within precipitation in the rural area of South China were related to the meso-scale and long-range transport of particles and aerosols in the air. | HUANG Laiming YANG Jinling ZHANG Ganlin | 2012 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2012，31，4： | 6 |
| 3 | Vertical distribution and storage of soil organic and inorganic carbon in a typical inland river basin,Northwest China显示文摘Knowledge of soil carbon(C) distribution and its relationship with the environment can improve our understanding of its biogeochemical cycling and help to establish sound regional models of C cycling. However, such knowledge is limited in environments with complex landscape configurations. In this study, we investigated the vertical distribution and storage of soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil inorganic carbon(SIC) in the 10 representative landscapes(alpine meadow, subalpine shrub and meadow, mountain grassland, mountain forest, typical steppe, desert steppe, Hexi Corridor oases cropland, Ruoshui River delta desert, Alxa Gobi desert, and sandy desert) with contrasting bioclimatic regimes in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. We also measured the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio in soil carbonate to understand the sources of SIC because the ratio can be used as a proxy in calculating the contribution of pedogenic inorganic carbon(PIC) to total SIC. Our results showed that SOC contents generally decreased with increasing soil depth in all landscapes, while SIC contents exhibited more complicated variations along soil profiles in relation to pedogenic processes and parent materials at the various landscapes. There were significant differences of C stocks in the top meter among different landscapes, with SOC storage ranging from 0.82 kg C/m^2 in sandy desert to 50.48 kg C/m^2 in mountain forest and SIC storage ranging from 0.19 kg C/m^2 in alpine meadow to 21.91 kg C/m^2 in desert steppe. SIC contributed more than 75% of total C pool when SOC storage was lower than 10 kg C/m^2, and the proportion of PIC to SIC was greater than 70% as calculated from Sr isotopic ratio, suggesting the critical role of PIC in the C budget of this region. The considerable variations of SOC and SIC in different landscapes were attributed to different pedogenic environments resulted from contrasting climatic regimes, parent materials and vegetation types. This study provides an evidence for a general trade-off pattern between SOC and SIC, showing the compensatory effects of environmental conditions(especially climate) on SOC and SIC formation in these landscapes. This is largely attributed to the fact that the overall decrease in temperature and increase in precipitation from arid deserts to alpine mountains simultaneously facilitate the accumulation of SOC and depletion of SIC. | YANG Fan HUANG Laiming YANG Renmin YANG Fei LI Decheng ZHAO Yuguo YANG Jinling LIU Feng ZHANG Ganlin | 2018 | Journal of Arid Land2018，10，2： | 4 |
| 4 | Nitrogen sink in a small forested watershed of subtropical China显示文摘Global nitrogen (N) emission and deposition have been increased rapidly due to massive mobilization of N which may have longreaching impacts on ecosystems.Many agricultural and forest ecosystems have been identified as secondary N sources.In the present study,the input-output budget of inorganic N in a small forested watershed of subtropical China was investigated.Inorganic N wet deposition and discharge by stream water were monitored from March,2007 to February,2009.The concentrations and fluxes of inorganic N in wet precipitation and stream water and net retention of N were calculated.Global N input by dry deposition and biological fixation and N output by denitrification for forested watersheds elsewhere were reported as references to evaluate whether the studied forested watershed is a source or a sink for N.The results show that the inorganic N output by the stream water is mainly caused by NO 3-N even though the input is dominated by NH 4 +-N.The mean flux of inorganic N input by wet precipitation and output by stream water is 1.672 and 0.537 g N/(m 2 ·yr),respectively,which indicates that most of inorganic N input is retained in the forested watershed.Net retention of inorganic N reaches 1.135 g N/(m 2 ·yr) considering wet precipitation as the main input and stream water as the main output.If N input by dry deposition and biological fixation and output by denitrification are taken into account,this subtropical forested watershed currently acts as a considerable sink for N,with a net sink ranging from 1.309 to 1.913 g N/(m 2 ·yr) which may enhance carbon sequestration of the terrestrial ecosystem. | Laiming Huang | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，3： | 4 |
| 5 | Oxygen octahedron tilting,electrical properties and mechanical behaviors in alkali niobate-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics显示文摘In this work,we present a new piezoelectric solid solution consisting of two typical alkali niobate-based materials,K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_(3)(KNN)and Li_(0.15)Na_(0.85)NbO_(3)(LNN).Although KNN and LNN have the same perovskite structure,they exhibit extremely different electrical properties and mechanical behaviors.The phase structures,electrical and mechanical evolutions of the new lead-free piezoelectric materials with different ratios of KNN and LNN are comprehensively and theoretically investigated.According to the Xray diffraction patterns and curves of permittivity versus temperature,a series of complicated phase transitions can be found with varied LNN content.Rietveld refinement results based on XRD patterns reveal an oxygen octahedron tilting in the LNN-rich crystal structure,and simultaneously the reasons for octahedron tilting are discussed.The distorted crystal structure is accompanied by extremely decreased electric properties but increased mechanical properties,which reveals electrical and mechanical properties of alkali niobate-based piezoelectric ceramics strongly depend on their inner structures,and the enhancement of intrinsic hardness results in the deterioration of piezoelectric properties.Our work exhibits the detailed evolutions of structure,electrical and mechanical properties from KNN to LNN,which provides experimental and theoretical basis for development of new alkali niobate-based piezoelectric materials. | Zhi Tan Shaoxiong Xie Laiming Jiang Jie Xing Yu Chen Jianguo Zhu Dingquan Xiao Qingyuan Wang | 2019 | Journal of Materiomics2019，5，3： | 3 |
| 6 | Assessment of Plant-Driven Mineral Weathering in an Aggrading Forested Watershed in Subtropical China显示文摘Plant growth contributes to mineral weathering,but this contribution remains poorly understood.Weathering rates in an aggrading forested watershed in subtropical China were studied by means of geochemical mass balance.Rainfall,dry deposition,and streamwater were monitored from March 2007 to February 2012.Samples of vegetative components,rainfall,dry deposition,streamwater,representative soils,and parent rock were collected and determined for mass balance calculation and clarifying plant-driven weathering mechanisms stoichiometrically.Ignoring biomass,weathering rates of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^+,and Si were 25.6,10.7,2.8,and 51.0 kg ha-1year-1,respectively.Taking biomass into consideration,weathering rates of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and Si and the sum of weathering rates of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na+,K+,and Si were 2.6,1.8,1.2,and 1.5-fold higher than those ignoring biomass,respectively.This is attributed to plant-driven weathering due to the nutrient(e.g.,Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and K^+) absorption by vegetation and substantial proton production during assimilation of these nutrients,with the former acting as a pump for removing weathering products and the latter being a source of weathering agents solubilizing mineral components.The same pattern of weathering,i.e.,higher rates of weathering with than without including biomass in mass balance calculation,was reported in previous studies;however,the extent to which plants drive weathering rates varied with vegetation types and climatic zones.The documented biological weathering driven by plants is expected to play a critical role in regulating nutrient cycling and material ?ows within the Earth's Critical Zone. | ZUO Shuangmiao YANG Jinling HUANG Laiming David G.ROSSITER ZHANG Ganlin | 2016 | Pedosphere2016，26，6： | 3 |
| 7 | Potassium sodium niobate based lead-free ceramic for high-frequency ultrasound transducer applications显示文摘The BiAlO_(3)(BA)and(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))ZrO_(3)(BNZ)are selected to form a solid solution with(K_(0.48)Na_(0.52))NbO_(3) via traditional solid state technique to optimize the electrical performance and temperature stability of KNNbased lead-free ceramics,simultaneously.Here we show that doped BA has a great influence on phase structure,morphologies,and electrical properties.The XRD patterns and dielectric constant versus temperature curves reveal that an increase in the BA content results in a transform of phase structures from a coexistence state of rhombohedral,orthorhombic and tetragonal phases to pseudocubic phase.Owing to the construction of R-O-T phase boundary,optimized performances(T_(C)~336℃,d_(33)~306 pC/N,kp=0.48)are obtained in 0.962(K_(0.48)Na_(0.52))NbO_(3)-0.003BiAlO_(3)-0.035(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))ZrO_(3)(KNN-3)ceramics.Based on the sintered KNN-3 ceramic samples,high-frequency ultrasound imaging transducers are designed and fabricated,which exhibits a high center frequency of 24.5 MHz,a broad -6 dB bandwidth of 97% and a high-sensitivity.Finally,the imaging characteristic of the lead-free transducers is demonstrated via ex vivo imaging of biological tissue structure.As environment friendly materials,the excellent electrical and acoustic performance of developed KNN-based ceramics has great potential for practical applications. | Jie Xing Laiming Jiang Chunlin Zhao Zhi Tan Qian Xu Jiagang Wu Qiang Chen Dingquan Xiao Jianguo Zhu | 2020 | Journal of Materiomics2020，6，3： | 3 |
| 8 | Heat treatment bimetallic PdAu nanocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction显示文摘Pd-based nanocatalyst is a potential oxygen reduction oxidation(ORR)catalyst because of its high activity in alkaline medium and low cost.In this work,bimetallic Pd Au nanocatalysts are prepared by one-pot hydrothermal method using triblock pluronic copolymers,poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO19-PPO69-PEO19)(P123)as reducer and stabilizer,and heat-treatment method is applied to regulate catalyst structure and improve catalyst activity.The results show that the heat treatment can agglomerate the catalyst to a certain extent,but effectively improve the crystallinity and alloying degree of the catalyst.The ORR performance of the Pd Au nanocatalysts obtained under different heat treatment conditions is systematically investigated.Compared with commercial Pd black and Pd Au catalyst before heat treatment,the ORR performance of Au Pd nanocatalyst obtained after heat treatment for one hour at 500℃ has been enhanced.The Pd Au nanocatalysts after heat treatment also display enhanced anti-methanol toxicity ability in acidic medium. | Qingyun Hu Wei Zhan Yifei Guo Laiming Luo Ronghua Zhang Di Chen Xinwen Zhou | 2020 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2020，29，1： | 3 |
| 9 | Responses of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.in the sandy and loamy soils to water stress显示文摘Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.is a major species that is widely planted in afforested soils with different textures in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau,China.However,the responses of A.pedunculata to increasing intensity of water stress in different textural soils are not clear.Here,we conducted a soil column experiment to evaluate the effects of different textures(sandy and loamy)on water consumption,water use efficiency(WUE),biomass accumulation and ecological adaptability of A.pedunculata under increasing water stress,i.e.,90%(±5%)FC(field capacity),75%(±5%)FC,60%(±5%)FC,45%(±5%)FC and 30%(±5%)FC in 2018.A.pedunculata grown in the sandy soil with the lowest(30%FC)and highest(90%FC)water contents had respectively 21.3%-37.0%and 4.4%-20.4%less transpiration than those with other water treatments(45%-75%FC).In contrast,A.pedunculata transpiration in the loamy soil decreased with decreasing water content.The magnitude of decrease in transpiration increased with increasing level of water deficit(45%and 30%FC).Mean daily and cumulative transpirations of the plant were significantly lower in the sandy soil than in the loamy soil under good water condition(90%FC),but the reverse was noted under water deficit treatments(45%and 30%FC).Plant height,stem diameter and total biomass initially increased with decreasing water content from 90%to 75%FC and then declined under severe water deficit conditions(45%and 30%FC)in the sandy soil.However,these plant parameters decreased with decreasing water content in the loamy soil.WUE in the sandy soil was 7.8%-12.3%higher than that in the loamy soil,which initially increased with decreasing water content from 90%to 75%FC and then declined under water deficit conditions(45%and 30%FC).The study showed that plant transpiration,biomass production and WUE responded differentially to increasing intensity of water stress in the sandy and loamy soils.The contrasting responses of A.pedunculata to water stress in different textural soils can guide future revegetation programs in the northern region of Chinese Loess Plateau by considering plant adaptability to varying soil and water conditions. | PEI Yanwu HUANG Laiming SHAO Ming'an ZHANG Yinglong | 2020 | Journal of Arid Land2020，12，5： | 2 |
| 10 | Real-time whole-brain imaging of hemodynamics and oxygenation at micro-vessel resolution with ultrafast wide-field photoacoustic microscopy显示文摘High-speed high-resolution imaging of the whole-brain hemodynamics is critically important to facilitating neurovascular research.High imaging speed and image quality are crucial to visualizing real-time hemodynamics in complex brain vascular networks,and tracking fast pathophysiological activities at the microvessel level,which will enable advances in current queries in neurovascular and brain metabolism research,including stroke,dementia,and acute brain injury.Further,real-time imaging of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin(sO_(2))can capture fast-paced oxygen delivery dynamics,which is needed to solve pertinent questions in these fields and beyond.Here,we present a novel ultrafast functional photoacoustic microscopy(UFF-PAM)to image the whole-brain hemodynamics and oxygenation.UFF-PAM takes advantage of several key engineering innovations,including stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)based dual-wavelength laser excitation,water-immersible 12-facet-polygon scanner,high-sensitivity ultrasound transducer,and deep-learning-based image upsampling.A volumetric imaging rate of 2 Hz has been achieved over a field of view(FOV)of 11×7.5×1.5 mm^(3) with a high spatial resolution of~10 μm.Using the UFF-PAM system,we have demonstrated proof-of-concept studies on the mouse brains in response to systemic hypoxia,sodium nitroprusside,and stroke.We observed the mouse brain's fast morphological and functional changes over the entire cortex,including vasoconstriction,vasodilation,and deoxygenation.More interestingly,for the first time,with the whole-brain FOV and micro-vessel resolution,we captured the vasoconstriction and hypoxia simultaneously in the spreading depolarization(SD)wave.We expect the new imaging technology will provide a great potential for fundamental brain research under various pathological and physiological conditions. | Xiaoyi Zhu Qiang Huangl Anthony Dispirito Tri Vu Qiangzhou Rong Xiaorui Peng Huaxin Sheng Xiling Shen Qifa Zhou Laiming Jiang Ulrike Hoffmann Junjie Yao | 2022 | Light(Science & Applications)2022，11，6： | 2 |
| 11 | PrevalenceandriskindicatorsofvisualimpairmentandblindnessinLatinos:TheLosAngelesLatinoEyeStudy显示文摘 | VarmaR YingLaiM KleinR StanleyP | 2004 | Ophthalmology2004，111，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Phenolics from Hypericum gem iniflorum 显示文摘 | CHUNGM H LAIM H YENM H | 1997 | Phytochemistry1997，44，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Computer modeling and experimental study of non chain pulsed electric- discharge DF laser 显示文摘 | Ruan Peng Xie Jijiang Zhang Laiming | 2012 | Opt Express2012，20，28： | 1 |
| 14 | Prediction of transientvibration envelopes using statistical energy analysis techniques显示文摘 | LAIM L SOON A | 1990 | Journal of Vibration and Acoustics1990，112，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Ga2O3 doping and vacancy effect in KNN-LT lead-free piezoceramics显示文摘 | Zhi TAN Jie XlNG Laiming JIANG Jianguo ZHU Bo WU | 2017 | Frontiers of Materials Science2017，11，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Determination of microcystins in cyanobacterial blooms by solid - phase microextraction - high-performance liquid chromatography 显示文摘 | Poon KF Laim MH Laim PKS | 2001 | Environ Toxieol Chem2001，20，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Prediction of transient vibration envelopes using statistical energy analysis techniques 显示文摘 | LAIM L SOON A | 1990 | Journal of Vibration and Acoustics1990，112，： | 1 |
| 18 | Development of a capillary zone electrophoretic method for the rapid separation and detection of hepatotoxic microcystins显示文摘 | Li PCH Hu S Laim PKS | 1999 | Mar Pollut Bull1999，39，： | 1 |
| 19 | High power repetitive TEA CO2 pulsed laser显示文摘 | Guilong Yang Dianjun Li Jijiang Xie Laiming Zhang Fei Chen Jin Guo Lihong Guo | 2012 | Laser Physics2012，，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Insulin-likegrowthfactorbindingprotein:apossiblemarkerforthemetabolicsyndrome-显示文摘 | RUANW LAIM | 2010 | ActaDiabetol2010，47，1： | 1 |
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