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| 1 | On the designing principles and optimization approaches of bio-inspired self-organized network: a survey显示文摘A plethora of studies on self-organization has been carried out in broad areas including chemistry, biology, astronomy, medical science, telecommunications, etc., in both academia and industry. Following the studies on swarm intelligence observed in social species, the artificial self-organized systems are expected to exhibit some intelligent features (e.g., flexibility, robustness, decentralized control, self-evolution, etc.) that may have made social species so successful in the biosphere. In this paper, the application of swarm intelligence in communications networks will be studied, and we survey different aspects of bio-inspired mechanisms and examine various algorithms that have been proposed to improve the performance of artificial systems. Some fundamental self-organized networking (SON) mechanisms, designing principles and optimization approaches for artificial systems will then be investigated, followed by some well-known bio-inspired algorithms (e.g., cooperation, division of labor, distributed network synchronization, load balancing, etc.) as well as their applications to the maintenance/operation/optimization of artificial systems being analyzed. Besides, some new emerging technologies, such as the Self-X capabilities and cognitive machine-to-machine (M2M) optimization for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced systems, are also surveyed. Finally, the remaining challenges to be faced in designing the future heterogeneous systems will be discussed. | ZHANG ZhongShan HUANGFU Wei LONG KePing ZHANG Xu LIU XiaoYuan ZHONG Bin | 2013 | Science China(Information Sciences)2013，56，7： | 9 |
| 2 | An adaptive path selection model for WSN multipath routing inspired by metabolism behaviors显示文摘In multipath routing of wireless sensor network(WSN), greedy path selection is always prone to cause path oscillation(frequent path changes) between each couple of sensor and sink nodes. To alleviate the side effect, we propose an adaptive path selection model(called a WSN path selection model based on the adaptive response by attractor selection(ARAS) model(WARAS)) inspired by metabolism behaviors of Escherichia Coli.The model consists of two main features. The first one is a new formula for a parameter called path-activity used to indicate adaptation goodness of multipath traffic transmission in dynamic network environments, which is inversely proportional to absolute value of difference between current path quality and best path quality.The second one is a novel attractor expression for attractors of multi-attractor equations to concretely specify stochastic effect of noise items in the equations on the path selection. Then, in an experimental WSN scenario composed of many source nodes and their shared neighbor nodes, we validate a dynamic-adaptive selection characteristic of the WARAS on distributing loads of the neighbor nodes. Subsequently, we design a path quality probe scheme in a multipath ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing(AODV) protocol. Compared with the greedy path selection through the path quality probe scheme, simulation results show the WARAS can perform better on reducing network delay and the path oscillation. | GONG WeiBing YANG XiaoLong ZHANG Min LONG KePing | 2015 | Science China(Information Sciences)2015，58，10： | 8 |
| 3 | Spray and forward:Efficient routing based on the Markov location prediction model for DTNs显示文摘Typical delay tolerant networks(DTNs)often suffer from long and variable delays,frequent connectivity disruptions,and high bit error rates.In DTNs,the design of an efficient routing algorithm is one of the key issues.The existing methods improve the accessibility probability of the data transmission by transmitting many copies of the packet to the network,but they may cause a high network overhead.To address the tradeoff between a successful delivery ratio and the network overhead,we propose a DTN routing algorithm based on the Markov location prediction model,called the spray and forward routing algorithm(SFR).Based on historical information of the nodes,the algorithm uses the second-order Markov forecasting mechanism to predict the location of the destination node,and then forwards the data by greedy routing,which reduces the copies of packets by spraying the packets in a particular direction.In contrast to a fixed mode where a successful-delivery ratio and routing overhead are contradictory,a hybrid strategy with multi-copy forwarding is able to reduce the copies of the packets efficiently and at the same time maintain an acceptable successful-delivery ratio.The simulation results show that the proposed SFR is efficient enough to provide better network performance than the spray and wait routing algorithm,in scenarios with sparse node density and fast mobility of the nodes. | DANG Fei YANG XiaoLong LONG KePing | 2012 | Science China(Information Sciences)2012，55，2： | 6 |
| 4 | Survivability-oriented optimal node density for randomly deployed wireless sensor networks显示文摘The survivability is usually critical for wireless sensor networks,which are often deployed in the unattended harsh environment.Lots of technical schemes to improve the survivability depend on the redundant resources of the sensor networks.The amount of resources is usually determined by the node density during the deployment phase.For the random deployment and random node failures,the quantitative relation between the survivability and the node density is studied.Based on the conditional survivability,the node density to meet the required survivability level is presented.Finally,the survivability for unpredictable failures and the optimal node density to maximize the price–performance ratio are also discussed. | HUANGFU Wei ZHANG ZhongShan CHAI XiaoMeng LONG KePing | 2014 | Science China(Information Sciences)2014，57，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Optimal pilots design for frequency offsets and channel estimation in OFDM modulated single frequency networks显示文摘Optimal pilot design and placement for both the frequency offsets and channel estimation in Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing modulated Single Frequency Network are treated.Unlike the conventional frequency-domain filter-based algorithms,the proposed pilot of each transmitter can always be demodulated at the receiver even if the received pilots of multiple transmitters are totally overlapped.Although the channel state information is needed in designing the proposed pilot for carrier frequency offset(CFO)estimation,the performance of the proposed CFO estimation is robust to the channel estimation error.The optimal pilot as well as the Least-Squares(LS)channel estimator is also proposed,and the pilot for channel estimation is always a constant-modulus.A joint frequency offset and channel estimation scheme is also proposed,and the transmitters can adaptively optimize their pilots in the successive transmissions using the estimation results feedback in the former transmission.Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of frequency offset and channel estimation accuracies.Since multiple copies of the same information can be received at each receiver,some combining technologies such as equal gain combining(EGC)or maximal ratio combining(MRC)can be applied at the receiver to improve the receiving diversity gain.Numerical results show that in a scenario of two transmitters with a Signal-to-Noise Ratio of 20 dB,the Bit Error Rate(BER)of1.5×10-4(or 1×10-4)can be obtained at the receiver using EGC(or MRC),and this BER performance can be improved to be 4×10-6for EGC(or 2×10-6for MRC)by considering three co-receiver transmitters. | LI Yang XU Xu ZHANG DanDan ZHANG ZhongShan LONG KePing | 2014 | Science China(Information Sciences)2014，57，4： | 5 |
| 6 | Power-efficient RWA in dynamic WDM optical networks considering different connection holding times显示文摘The challenges imposed by environmental issues,such as global warming and the energy crisis,are demanding more responsible energy usage,including in the optical networking field.In optical transmission networks,most of the electrical power is consumed by the optical-electrical-optical conversion in optical repeaters.Modern optical network control plane technologies allow idle optical repeaters to be put into a low-power sleep mode.Inspired by this,we propose a novel power-efficient routing and wavelength assignment(RWA) algorithm,called HTAPE.The HTAPE algorithm exploits the knowledge of the connection holding times to minimize the number of optical repeaters in the active mode,and hence reduce the total electricity consumption of the optical network.We test the new algorithm on the typical CERNET and USNET networks.Compared with traditional RWA algorithms without holding-time-awareness,it is observed that the HTAPE algorithm yields significant reductions in power consumption. | DU Shu ZHANG ShengFeng PENG YunFeng LONG KePing | 2013 | Science China(Information Sciences)2013，56，4： | 4 |
| 7 | p-RWBO:a novel low-collision and QoS-supported MAC for wireless ad hoc networks显示文摘QoS supported MAC mechanism is a key issue for supporting QoS in wireless ad hoc networks. A new backoff algorithm,named RWBO+BEB,was proposed previously to decrease the packet collision probability significantly. In this paper,it is explored how to make RWBO+BEB support service differentiation in wireless ad hoc networks,and a novel proportional service differentiation algorithm,named p-RWBO,is proposed to allocate the wireless bandwidth according to the bandwidth ratio of each station. In p-RWBO,station n's walking probability(pw,n) is selected according to its allocated bandwidth ratio. An analytical model is proposed to analyze how to choose pw,n according to the bandwidth ratios of station n. The simulation results indicate that p-RWBO can differentiate services in terms of both bandwidth and delay. | LONG KePing LI Yun ZHAO WeiLiang WANG ChongGang Kazem SOHRABY | 2008 | Science in China(Series F)2008，51，9： | 4 |
| 8 | HTTP-sCAN:Detecting HTTP-Flooding Attack by Modeling Multi-Features of Web Browsing Behavior from Noisy Web-Logs显示文摘HTTP-flooding attack disables the victimized web server by sending a large number of HTTP Get requests.Recent research tends to detect HTTP-flooding with the anomaly-based approaches,which detect the HTTP-flooding by modeling the behavior of normal web surfers.However,most of the existing anomaly-based detection approaches usually cannot filter the web-crawling traces from unknown searching bots mixed in normal web browsing logs.These web-crawling traces can bias the base-line profile of anomaly-based schemes in their training phase,and further degrade their detection performance.This paper proposes a novel web-crawling tracestolerated method to build baseline profile,and designs a new anomaly-based HTTP-flooding detection scheme(abbr.HTTP-sCAN).The simulation results show that HTTP-sCAN is immune to the interferences of unknown webcrawling traces,and can detect all HTTPflooding attacks. | WANG Jin ZHANG Min YANG Xiaolong LONG Keping XU Jie | 2015 | China Communications2015，12，2： | 3 |
| 9 | HTTP-SoLDiER: An HTTP-flooding attack detection scheme with the large deviation principle显示文摘HTTP-flooding attack is a much stealthier distributed denial of service(DDoS) attack, challenging the survivability of the web services seriously. Observing the web access behavior, we find that the surfing preference of normal users is much more consistent with the webpage popularity than that of malicious users.Based on this observation, this paper proposes a novel detection scheme for HTTP-flooding(HTTP-SoLDiER).Specifically, HTTP-SoLDiER first quantifies the consistency between web users surfing preference and the webpage popularity with large-deviation principle. Then HTTP-SoLDiER distinguishes the malicious users from normal ones according to the large-deviation probability. In practice, the webpage popularity plays a key role in attack detection of HTTP-SoLDiER. Due to the never-ending updating of the webpage content and the disturbance induced by attackers, the webpage popularity often varies over time. Thus, it is critical for HTTP-SoLDiER to dynamically update the webpage popularity. We design a reversible exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA) algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of this scheme in terms of true positive(TP) and false positive(FP) probabilities with NS-3 simulations. The simulation results show that HTTP-SoLDiER can detect all random HTTP-flooding attackers and most of the perfect-knowledge HTTP-flooding attackers at little false positive. | WANG Jin YANG XiaoLong ZHANG Min LONG KePing XU Jie | 2014 | Science China(Information Sciences)2014，57，10： | 3 |
| 10 | A load balancing multi-path routing scheme based on effective voids for optical burst switching networks显示文摘Multi-path routing in the optical burst switching(OBS) networks can reduce the burst loss probability(BLP) by distributing the data burst traffic to multiple paths, compared with single path routing. Unlike the other multi-path routing schemes without considering the carrying capability of the routes, a new multi-path routing scheme based on effective voids(MPEV) is proposed to balance the load of multi-path and reduce the BLP in the paper. MPEV scheme first obtains the information on effective voids of the bottleneck link of multipath by sending a probe packet periodically. The effective voids can accommodate data bursts and accurately represent the available channel resource that is the main determinant of the BLP for OBS networks without optical random access memory. Then MPEV scheme distributes the burst traffic between an ingress node and an egress node to multiple link-disjoint paths by the ratio of the effective voids. More traffic is distributed to the path that has more effective voids, and vice versa. And the distributed amount is proportional to the effective voids of the bottleneck link. So MPEV scheme can balance the load of multi-path routes and can effectively reduce the BLP by avoiding the high load of a single path. And it is easy to implement and agilely adapt to dynamic network traffic. The performance of MPEV scheme is analyzed by queuing theory and is evaluated by simulation. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the BLP and balance the traffic load over multiple paths at the same time. | HUANG Sheng ZHANG YunShui SUN Li Qin YANG XiaoLong LONG KePing | 2015 | Science China(Information Sciences)2015，58，2： | 2 |
| 11 | Attack propagation of high-powered intrachannel crosstalk in transparent optical networks显示文摘 | Zeyu Sun Yunfeng Peng Keping Long | 2011 | Optical Engineering2011，50，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Self-Organization Paradigms and Optim- ization Approaches for Cognitive Radio Tech-nalogies: A Survey显示文摘 | ZHANG Zhongshan LONG Keping WANG Jian- ping | 2013 | IEEE Wireless Commu- nications2013，20，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Design Method for Low Index Trench and Rod Assisted Weakly-Coupled Multi-Core Fiber显示文摘 | TU Jiajing LONG Keping | | Science China Information Sci- ence0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Theoretical analysis of PAM-N and M-QAM BER computation with single-sideband signal显示文摘In this paper,the theoretical bit error rate(BER)of N-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAMN)and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM)have been studied and compared under different scenarios,including(i)PAM with intensity modulation with direct detection(IM/DD)and field modulation with detection(FMD)(including coherent detection and single-sideband modulation with direct detection(SSB-DD)),and(ii)QAM with coherent detection and SSB-DD.Considering the relationship between the symbol spacing and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),we provide the mathematical BER equations,including the optical signal-to-noise ratio(OSNR)and carrier-to-signal power ratio(CSPR),especially for PAM signals.To verify the validity of our theoretical expressions for SSB systems,transmissions with 224-Gb/s SSBPAM4/16QAM signals using the Kramers-Kronig(KK)receiver were implemented on a unified optical system platform.The simulation results agreed well with theoretical calculations both in back-to-back(BtB)and 120-km transmission scenarios,which showed that the BER evaluation methods can serve as a theoretical guidance and system assessment criteria for SSB scenarios. | Dongxu LU Xian ZHOU Yuqiang YANG Jiahao HUO Jinhui YUAN Keping LONG Changyuan YU Alan Pak Tao LAU Chao LU | 2021 | Science China(Information Sciences)2021，64，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Self-Organization Paradigms and Optimization Approaches for Cognitive Radio Technologies: A Survey in Special Issue on Next Generation Cognitive Cellular Networks: Spectrum Sharing and Trading显示文摘 | ZHANG Zhongshan LONG Keping WANG Jianping | 2013 | IEEE Wireless Communications2013，20，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Does Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Relay Improve OFDM/OFDMA Ergodic Capacity?显示文摘The ergodic information rate for Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing/ Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access with amplify-and-forward(AF)relaying systems in the presence of frequency offsets is evaluated.Unlike previous work,per-subcarrier adaptive power allocation is performed on each relay to optimize the system ergodic information rate.For a given frequency offset and total number of relays M,the AF ergodic information rate is proven to be a monotonically increasing function of a(the ratio of the power allocated to the source node and the total transmit power),implying that the maximum ergodic information rate can be obtained at α=1(i.e.,there is no cooperative relay).Furthermore,the proof of 'cooperative relays cannot improve the AF ergodic information rate in a quasi-static wireless channel' is also provided in this letter. | HUANGFU Wei ZHANG Zhongshan ZHANG Dandan LONG Keping | 2014 | China Communications2014，11，2： | 1 |
| 17 | A New Framework and Burst Assembly for IP DiffServer Optical Burst Switching Networks显示文摘 | Keping Long Rodney S Tucker Chonggang Wang | 2003 | IEEE Global Com032003，，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Optical local area network emulations over Ethernet passive optical networks:A survey显示文摘As a promising solution to efficiently achieving fiber to the home(FTTH),Ethernet passive optical network(EPON) is currently improved to provide intercommunica-tion among customers,together with normal traffic delivery,via optical local area network emulation.It is a new research direction and expected to enhance the normal EPON performances.The purpose of this article is to review the state-of-the-art solutions to emulating optical local area networks(OLANs) over EPON.We discuss the major problems involved,e.g.,network architecture,control mecha-nisms,and other potential enhancements.We also outline areas for future re-searches. | PENG YunFeng KUANG YuJun LONG KePing | 2008 | Science in China(Series F)2008，51，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Chaos generator for secure transmission using a sine map and an RLC series circuit显示文摘This paper deals with the model analysis of a chaos generator for secure transmission. In this proposed system discrete value signals and continuous value signals are used together and are interacting one another. The main advantage of this system is that a discrete chaotic map can be implemented in the digital circuit with many parameters, and initial condition can be set with a great accuracy. Also, the problem of periodicity which is always encountered in any fully discrete systems can be avoided. A chaotic behavior study of the system is then provided, in which bifurcation phenomena are explained and chaotic attractors are shown. Finally, an asymptotic chaotic behavior of the proposed system is derived. | XU Jie CHARGE Pascal FOURNIER-PRUNARET Daniele TAHA Abdel-Kaddous LONG KePing | 2010 | Science China(Information Sciences)2010，53，1： | 1 |
| 20 | An Adaptive Traffic Distribution Scheme for CMT based on Lotka-Volterra Model in Multihomed Networks显示文摘CMT(concurrent multipath transfer) can increase throughput and transmission efficiency in multihomed networks. However, it is still an important challenge about distributing traffic adaptively into multiple access networks. Based on LV(Lotka.Volterra) model, we propose an adaptive traffic distribution scheme. In the scheme, two competition modes are concluded, multiple S.D(source.destination) streams competition for bandwidth of one path and multipath competition for traffic between each multihomed S.D host pair. Actually, each access network can establish a path for S.D pairs. So, in the first mode, each path is analogous to a predator, and overall traffic in a multihomed host is analogous to prey. Then, each path has to compete for the traffic by path information, e.g., bandwidth and congestion level. In the other one, if several S.D pairs pass through a shared path simultaneously, they will compete for bandwidth of the path. Here, each S.D pair is analogous to a predator, and the bandwidth of the common path is analogous to the prey. At last, compared with other three schemes, uniform traffic distribution, greedy path selection, random path selection in OPNET simulator, the proposed scheme can perform better onreducing file transmission time and increasing network throughput in FTP service. | Weibing Gong Xiaolong Yang Min Zhang Keping Long | 2017 | China Communications2017，14，2： | 1 |
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