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| 1 | Solar activity effects of the ionosphere: A brief review显示文摘Solar radiation, which varies over multiple temporal scales, modulates remarkably the evolution of the ionosphere. The solar activity dependence of the ionosphere is a key and fundamental issue in ionospheric physics, providing information essential to understanding the variations in the ionosphere and its processes. Selected recent studies on solar activity effects of the ionosphere are briefly reviewed in this report. This report focuses on (1) observations of solar irradiance at X-ray and extreme ultraviolet wavelengths and the outstanding problems of solar proxies, in the view of ionospheric studies, (2) new findings and improved representations of the features of the solar activity dependence of ionospheric key parameters and the corresponding physical processes, (3) possible phenomena in the ionosphere under extremely high and low solar activity conditions that are unique, as indicated by historical solar datasets and the deep solar minimum of solar cycle 23/24, and (4) statistical studies and model simulations of the ionosphere response to solar flares. The above-mentioned studies provide new clues for comprehensively explaining basic processes in the ionosphere and improving the prediction capability of ionospheric models and related applications. | LIU LiBo WAN WeiXing CHEN YiDing LE HuiJun | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，12： | 45 |
| 2 | Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmium speciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar显示文摘Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic(As) and cadmium(Cd) in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3–16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from 0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid(from 11.3% to 61.7%) made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal(loid)s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd. | Pengjie Hu Younan Ouyang Longhua Wu Libo Shen Yongming Luo Peter Christie | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，1： | 43 |
| 3 | Grain size records reveal variability of the East Asian Winter Monsoon since the Middle Holocene in the Central Yellow Sea mud area,China显示文摘Three cores(ZY-1,ZY-2 and ZY-3) retrieved from the Central Yellow Sea mud(CYSM) were analyzed in sensitive grain size and AMS 14 C dating to reconstruct the history of the East Asian Winter Monsoon(EAWM) since the Middle Holocene in the study area.The results show that these data provide a continuous history of the EAWM over the past 7.2 ka and that the EAWM can be divided into three periods:strong and highly fluctuating during 7.2-4.2 ka BP;moderate and relatively stable during 4.2-1.8 ka BP;and weakened during 1.8-0 ka BP.Compared with the East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM) recorded in the previous studies,the evolutionary history of the EAWM broadly follows the orbital-derived winter insolation with a similar long-term step-decreased trend as the EASM.At the centennial scale,however,the EAWM intensified events correlate well with the EASM weakened events and the North Atlantic climatic variations(Bond events 0 to 5) within the dating error,most likely forced by the reduction of solar irradiance through changes in the oceanic-atmospheric circulation patterns. | HU BangQi YANG ZuoSheng ZHAO MeiXun Yoshiki SAITO FAN DeJiang WANG LiBo | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，10： | 39 |
| 4 | Synthesis and properties of phosphorus-containing bio-based epoxy resin from itaconic acid显示文摘A phosphorus-containing bio-based epoxy resin(EADI)was synthesized from itaconic acid(IA)and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide(DOPO).As a matrix,its cured epoxy network with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride(MHHPA)as the curing agent showed comparable glass-transition temperature and mechanical properties to diglycidyl ether in a bisphenol A(DGEBA)system as well as good flame retardancy with UL94 V-0 grade during a vertical burning test.As a reactive flame retardant,its flame-resistant effect on DGEBA/MHHPA system as well as its influence on the curing behavior and the thermal and mechanical properties of the modified epoxy resin were investigated.Results showed that after the introduction of EADI,not only were the flame retardancy determined by vertical burning test,LOI measurement,and thermogravimetric analysis significantly improved,but also the curing reactivity,glass transition temperature(T g),initial degradation temperature for 5%weight loss(T d(5%)),and flexural modulus of the cured system improved as well.EADI has great potential to be used as a green flame retardant in epoxy resin systems. | MA SongQi LIU XiaoQing JIANG YanHua FAN LiBo FENG JianXiang ZHU Jin | 2014 | Science China Chemistry2014，57，3： | 33 |
| 5 | NDRG2: a Myc-repressed gene involved in cancer and cell stress显示文摘作为为房间增长和区别的一个主人开关, Myc 主要通过它的目标基因的 transcrip-tional 规定施加它的生物功能,它涉及房间和他们的外部环境的相互作用和通讯。N-Myc 下游地调整的基因(NDRG ) 家庭由 NDRG1, NDRG2, NDRG3 和 NDRG4 组成,它在房间增长和区别是重要的。这评论在结构,组织分发和 NDRG2 的功能上总结最近的研究在学习癌症和它的治疗学的潜力显示出它的意义的那次尝试。 | Libo Yao Jian Zhang Xuewu Liu | 2008 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2008，40，7： | 26 |
| 6 | ESTIMATION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICE VALUES OF WETLANDS IN SHANGHAI, CHINA显示文摘Shanghai is a coastal metropolitan city with various types of natural wetlands, which account for 23.5% of its total area. According to the definition of wetland in Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the wetlands of Shanghai were classified into 4 types: coastal, riverine, lacustrine, and reservoir and pond wetlands. In order to examine the roles of wetlands in the life-support system of Shanghai, we calculated the area of each type of the wetlands using GIS technique, and then measured the ecological service values of different ecosystems in Shanghai based on the classification of ecosystem services proposed by COSTANZA et al. (1997). The estimated annual value of ecosystem services in the study area was 7.3×109US$/a for the total area of 1 356 700ha, among which about 97% was provided by the wetlands. Effective conservation and management of wetlands are therefore crucial to Shanghai’s sustainable development. The limitations of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value were also discussed in the present paper. | LIBo ZHONGYang NAKAGOSHINobukazu CHENJia-kuan | 2005 | Chinese Geographical Science2005，15，2： | 24 |
| 7 | The Y.D.and climate abrupt events in the early and middle Holocene:Stalagmite oxygen isotope record from Maolan,Guizhou,China显示文摘The isotope records which range from 3.9 kaBP to 15.7 kaBP with an average resolution of 90 a have been obtained from 45 cm to 193.6 cm of the upper part of D4 stalagmite from Dongguo Cave in Libo, Guizhou, by using system TIMS U-series dating and carbon and oxygen stable isotope analyses.The study indicates that the last cold event, the YD (Younger Dryas) event, of the last glacial period was apparently shown in D4 record, which started from 12.80 kaBP and ended in 11.58 kaBP, with a great range of drop in temperature. The end of the last glacial period was consistent with the termination I in oceanic isotope records and was with time limit of 11.3 kaBP. The three most distinct cold events in the early and middle Holocene occurred respectively in 10.91 kaBP, 8.27 kaBP and 4.75 kaBP, with a range of drop in tem- perature reaching 2—5℃. The climate abrupt events in thousand and hundred years scale re- corded in stalagmite δ O can be compared to those in GISP2 ice cores from Greenland in their 18 happening time and the range of their lasting time. The cold events in 8.27 kaBP and 4.75 kaBP can also be compared to CC3 stalagmite records in Ireland, which indicate that climate changes of short range in China monsoon areas, western Europe and polar regions, have the same driv- ing factor. This has a global significance. In addition, the trend of record curves in some time- stages is apparently different, which reflects probably the difference between environment in monsoon climate areas and in polar regions. | QIN Jiaming1, YUAN Daoxian1, CHENG Hai2, LIN Yushi1, ZHANG Meiliang1, WANG Fuxing1, R. L. Edwards2, WANG Hua1 & RAN Jingcheng3 1. The Karst Dynamic Laboratory, IKG, CAGS, Guilin 541004, China 2. Geology and Geophysics Department, Minnesota University, MN55455, USA 3. The Management of Maolan National Nature Reserve, Libo 558400, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，4： | 23 |
| 8 | Demand Response Based and Wind Farm Integrated Economic Dispatch显示文摘Increased penetration of intermittent renewable energy resources is pushing the grid to prepare more reserves to meet the supply and demand balance.Demand response(DR)is an efficient strategy to reduce the overall load at peak times.In order to fully utilize the application of DR and make DR capable of actively supporting grid operations at all times,this paper builds a DR and wind farm integrated economic dispatch model.The objective is to minimize the total operation costs,such as fuel cost,startup cost,greenhouse gas(GHG)emission costs,and DR cost.DR maximum participating time and DR ramp rate constraints are considered.A system with 10 traditional units,one large-scale wind farm,three types of DR,including interruptible load,direct load control,and load as capacity resource are selected to verify the proposed model.Four DR penetration rates are analyzed:0%,10%,20%and 30%.The results indicate that DR penetration can decrease total operation costs.The lower price DR resource gets the priority to be committed.The DR and wind farm integration is indispensable in the future economic dispatch. | Haijun Xing Haozhong Cheng Libo Zhang | 2015 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2015，1，4： | 15 |
| 9 | Modeling the global ionospheric total electron content with empirical orthogonal function analysis显示文摘In the present work we model the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) with the analysis of empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). The obtained statistical eigen modes, which makeup the modeled TEC, consist of two factors: the eigen vectors mapping TEC patterns at latitude and longitude (or local time LT), and the corresponding coefficients displaying the TEC variations in different time scales, i.e., the solar cycle, the yearly (annual and semiannual) and the diurnal universal time variations. It is found that the EOF analysis can separate the TEC variations into chief processes and the first two modes illustrate the most of the ionospheric climate properties. The first mode contains both the semiannual component which shows the semiannual ionospheric anomaly and the annual component which shows the annual or non-seasonal ionospheric anomaly. The second mode contains mainly the annual component and shows the normal seasonal ionospheric variation at most latitudes and local time sectors. The annual component in the second mode also manifests seasonal anomaly of the ionosphere at higher mid-latitudes around noontime. It is concluded that the EOF analysis, as a statistical eigen mode method, is resultful in analyzing the ionospheric climatology hence can be used to construct the empirical model for the ionospheric climatology. | WAN WeiXing DING Feng REN ZhiPeng ZHANG ManLian LIU LiBo NING BaiQi | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，5： | 15 |
| 10 | The first time observations of low-latitude ionospheric irregularities by VHF radar in Hainan显示文摘Sanya VHF radar (18.4°N, 109.6°E, dip latitude 12.8°N) at Hainan Island is the first coherent backscatter radar for sounding low-latitude ionospheric irregularities in the mainland of China. In this paper, we present the first results of low-latitude ionospheric E and F region irregularities using the radar data during the period from February 2009 to March 2010. The Doppler velocity of radar echoes from E region field aligned irregularities (FAIs) was about several tens of meters per second, while the Doppler spectral width was appreciably larger than the velocity, and could reach one hundred meters per second, indicating that the observed E region FAIs belonged to type 2 irregularities. The observations of range time intensity (RTI) maps of FAIs showed that E region irregularities most often occurred at night within the altitude range 85-115 km, and were rarely observed at afternoon hours. The percentage occurrence of E region FAIs maximized during spring months (Feb.-May) with a peak value over 80%. The heights at which the strongest echo related FAIs occurred were mainly around 100 km, lower than h'Es and the difference is mostly 10-20 km. December solstice seemed to be the minimum period of occurrence when the FAI echoes were commonly detected at a narrow altitude range 90-100 km. Moreover, simultaneous radar and GPS observations during spread F events in the pre-midnight hours of solar minimum revealed that significant GPS L band scintillations coincided with the appearance of F region plasma plume structures, which extended up to 450 km in altitude. | NING BaiQi HU LianHuan LI GuoZhu LIU LiBo WAN WeiXing | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，5： | 15 |
| 11 | Human avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in China显示文摘Highly pathogenic influenza A (H5N1) virus causes a widespread poultry deaths worldwide. The first human H5N1 infected case was reported in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China in 1997. Since then, the virus re-emerged in 2003 and continues to infect people worldwide. Currently, over 400 human infections have been reported in more than 15 countries and mortality rate is greater than 60%. H5N1 viruses still pose a potential pandemic threat in the future because of the continuing global spread and evolution. Here, we summarize the epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of human H5N1 infection in China monitored and identified by our national surveillance systems. | XU CuiLin, DONG LiBo, XIN Li, LAN Yu, CHEN YongKun, YANG LiMei & SHU YueLong State Key Laboratory for Viral Genetic and Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 100052, China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，5： | 14 |
| 12 | Sea surface temperature records of core ZY2 from the central mud area in the South Yellow Sea during last 6200 years and related effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current显示文摘Sea surface temperature (SST) records in the South Yellow Sea during the last 6200 years are reconstructed by the unsaturation index of long-chain alkenones (K 37 U ') in sediment core ZY2 from the central mud area.The SST records varied between 14.1 and 16.5°C (15.6°C on average),with 3 phases:(1) A high SST phase at 6.2-5.9 cal ka BP;(2) A low and intensely fluctuating SST phase at 5.9-2.3 cal ka BP;and (3) A high and stable SST phase since 2.3 cal ka BP.Variation of the SST records is similar to intensity of the Kuroshio Current (KC),and corresponds well in time to global cold climate events.However,the amplitude of the SST response to cooling events was significantly different in different phases.The SST response to global cooling event was weak while the KC was strong;and the SST response was strong while the KC was weak.The difference in amplitude of the SST response is possibly caused by the modulation effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current which acts as a shelf branch of the KC and a compensating current induced by the East Asia winter monsoon.The warm waters brought by the Yellow Sea Warm Current cushion the SST decrease induced by climate cooling,and both the Kuroshio and East Asian winter monsoon play important roles in the modulation mechanism.The SST records display a periodicity of 1482 years.The same period was found in the KC records,indicating that variation of the SST records in the central South Yellow Sea is strongly affected by KC intensity.The same period was also found in Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic and Arabian Sea sediment cores,showing a regional response of marine environmental variability in the East China Seas to that in the global oceans. | WANG LiBo YANG ZuoSheng ZHANG RongPing FAN DeJiang ZHAO MeiXun HU BangQi | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，15： | 13 |
| 13 | Cotton GhBAK1 Mediates Verticillium Wilt Resistance and Cell Death显示文摘导致病毒的基因 silencing (VIGS ) 由将他们的表示击倒为单个基因的功能的分析提供一条强大的途径。我们采用了这条途径把在对 Verticillium 抵抗的棉花的基因功能枯萎,世界范围的大多数破坏疾病之一。我们这里证明高度有效的 VIGS 在与部分抵抗引起线(CA4002 ) 到 Verticillium 的一朵棉花被获得枯萎,并且 GhMKK2 和 GhVe1 为它的抵抗被要求到 Verticillium 枯萎。Arabidopsis AtBAK1/SERK3,在工厂疾病抵抗的一个中央管理者,与五个成员,一起属于体的 embryogenesis 受体 kinases (SERK ) 的一个亚科 AtSERK1 到 AtSERK5。二 BAK1 orthologs 和一 SERK1 ortholog 在棉花染色体被识别。重要地, GhBAK1 为 CA4002 抵抗被要求到 Verticillium 枯萎。令人惊讶地, GhBAK1 的 silencing 是足够的触发在棉花伴有反应的氧种类的生产的房间死亡。这结果从 AtBAK1 和 AtSERK4 在房间死亡控制在玩冗余的函数的 Arabidopsis 是不同的。显然,而 AtSERK4/5 是在 Arabidopsis 的最新发展的基因,棉花仅仅发展了 SERK1 和 BAK1。我们的研究在 Verticillium 显示 BAK1 的功能的重要性枯萎抵抗并且在不同植物种类建议 SERK 家庭成员的动态进化。 | Xiquan Gao Fangjun Li Maoying Li Ali S.Kianinejad Jane K.Dever Terry A.Wheeler Zhaohu Li Ping He Libo Shan | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2013，55，7： | 13 |
| 14 | Static aeroelastic analysis of very flexible wings based on non-planar vortex lattice method显示文摘A rapid and efficient method for static aeroelastic analysis of a flexible slender wing when considering the structural geometric nonlinearity has been developed in this paper. A non-planar vortex lattice method herein is used to compute the non-planar aerodynamics of flexible wings with large deformation. The finite element method is introduced for structural nonlinear statics analysis. The surface spline method is used for structure/aerodynamics coupling. The static aeroelastic characteristics of the wind tunnel model of a flexible wing are studied by the nonlinear method presented, and the nonlinear method is also evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained from two other methods and the wind tunnel test. The results indicate that the traditional linear method of static aeroelastic analysis is not applicable for cases with large deformation because it produces results that are not realistic. However, the nonlinear methodology, which involves combining the structure finite element method with the non-planar vortex lattice method, could be used to solve the aeroelastic deformation with considerable accuracy, which is in fair agreement with the test results. Moreover, the nonlinear finite element method could consider complex structures. The non-planar vortex lattice method has advantages in both the computational accuracy and efficiency. Consequently, the nonlinear method presented is suitable for the rapid and efficient analysis requirements of engineering practice. It could be used in the preliminary stage and also in the detailed stage of aircraft design. | Xie Changchuan Wang Libo Yang Chao Liu Yi | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2013，26，3： | 13 |
| 15 | Genetic lineage tracing identifies in situ Kit-expressing cardiomyocytes显示文摘 | Qiaozhen Liu Rui Yang Xiuzhen Huang Hui Zhang Lingjuan He Libo Zhang Xueying Tian Yu Nie Shengshou Hu Yan Yan Li Zhang Zengyong Qiao Qing-Dong Wang Kathy O Lui Bin Zhou | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，1： | 12 |
| 16 | WISE EXPLOITATION OF NEWLY GROWING LAND RESOURCES——An Assessment on Land-use Change of Chongming Island Using GIS显示文摘Chongming Island, the third largest island in China and the largest alluvial island in the world, is situated in the north of Shanghai Municipality at the mouth of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Along the fertile and prosperous sea coast there are a total area of over 120×103ha, with a population of 735 0 00, accruing some 500ha of new tidal land resources come from silt, sand and mud carried by the Changjiang River every year, extending about 140m per year. This dynamic process of alluvial growth has run for some 1500 years. Mudflat on Chon gming Island at the mouth of the Changjiang River is a resting ground for migrat ory birds and host more than a hundred species, including rare cranes and geese. But the local people keep reclaiming the tidal land for economic development. O bviously, it is crucial to have a well-concerted plan for future exploitation. In this study, we attempted to investigate the status changes of land use and wi ld life habitats on Chongming Island in recent 10 years, and then analyzed diffe rent human activities and their effects on wild life habitats using satellite im age data (1990, 1997 and 2000) as well as field survey. Based on the analysis, t his study explored the relationships between island growth and land use/cover ch ange (LUCC), predicted what the habitat would be like in the future and tried to find more effective use of this new growing resource. At last, this study provi ded some preliminary management plans for Chongming Island that will coordinate the development of local economies and the conservation of wild life and their h abitats. | ZHAOBin LIBo MAZhi-jun CHENJia-kuan NAKAGOSHINobukazu | 2003 | Chinese Geographical Science2003，13，2： | 11 |
| 17 | Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) diagnosis and treatment guidelines for persistent/recurrent and metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer 2018 (English version)显示文摘Contents1. Diagnosis and dynamic assessment of persistent/recurrent and metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (prmDTC)1.1 Basic principles of diagnosis1.2 Diagnostic methods1.3 Ongoing assessment of response to therapy2. Multidisciplinary treatment of prmDTC2.1 Basic principles of treatment2.2 Surgical management2.2.1 Preoperative clinical assessment2.2.2 Principles of surgical treatment for prmDTC. | Yansong Lin Huiqiang Huang Ye Guo Libo Chen | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2019，31，1： | 11 |
| 18 | Electrochemical performance of Ti_(3)C_(2)supercapacitors in KOH electrolyte显示文摘Two-dimensional(2D)carbide Ti_(3)C_(2)was synthesized by exfoliating Ti_(3)AlC_(2)in HF solution and used for supercapacitive performance investigation in 3 M KOH electrolyte.The specific surface area(SSA)of as-synthesized Ti_(3)C_(2)was 22.35 m^(2)/g.Ti_(3)C_(2)-based supercapacitor electrodes exhibited good energy storage ability and had a volumetric capacitance 119.8 F/cm^(3)at the current density of 2.5 A/g.Moreover,the addition of carbon black into Ti_(3)C_(2)powders greatly improved the performance of Ti_(3)C_(2)-based capacitors because carbon black restrained the preferred orientation of 2D Ti_(3)C_(2),providing fast ion transport channels,and in turn,decreasing electrical resistance from 16.7Ωto 3.5Ω. | Yupeng GAO Libo WANG Zhengyang LI Yafei ZHANG Baolin XING Chuanxiang ZHANG Aiguo ZHOU | 2015 | Journal of Advanced Ceramics2015，4，2： | 10 |
| 19 | Aeroelastic trim and flight loads analysis of flexible aircraft with large deformations显示文摘A method for static aeroelastic trim analysis and flight loads computation of a flexible aircraft with large deformations has been presented in this paper,which considers the geometric nonlinearity of the structure and the nonplanar effects of aerodynamics.A nonplanar vortex lattice method is used to compute the nonplanar aerodynamics.The nonlinear finite element method is introduced to consider the structural geometric nonlinearity.Moreover,the surface spline method is used for structure/aerodynamics coupling.Finally,by combining the equilibrium equations of rigid motions of the deformed aircraft,the nonlinear trim problem of the flexible aircraft is solved by iterative method.For instance,the longitudinal trim analysis of a flexible aircraft with large-aspect-ratio wings is carried out by both the nonlinear method presented and the linear method of MSC Flightloads.Results obtained by these two methods are compared,and it is indicated that the results agree with each other when the deformation is small.However,because the linear method of static aeroelastic analysis does not consider the nonplanar aerodynamic effects or structural geometric nonlinearity,it is not applicable as the deformations increase.Whereas the nonlinear method presented could solve the trim problem accurately,even the deformations are large,which makes the nonlinear method suitable for rapid and efficient analysis in engineering practice.It could be used not only in the preliminary stage but also in the detail stage of aircraft design. | YANG Chao WANG LiBo XIE ChangChuan LIU Yi | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，10： | 10 |
| 20 | Efficient Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons Sonochemically Cut from Graphene Sheets显示文摘We report a facile approach to synthesize narrow and long graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) by sonochemically cutting chemically derived graphene sheets (GSs). The yield of GNRs can reach ~5 wt% of the starting GSs. The resulting GNRs are several micrometers in length, with ~75% being single-layer, and ~40% being narrower than 20 nm in width. A chemical tailoring mechanism involving oxygen-unzipping of GSs under sonochemical conditions is proposed on the basis of experimental observations and previously reported theoretical calculations;it is suggested that the formation and distribution of line faults on graphite oxide and GSs play crucial roles in the formation of GNRs. These results open up the possibilities of the large-scale synthesis and various technological applications of GNRs. | Zhong-Shuai Wu Wencai Ren Libo Gao Bilu Liu Jinping Zhao Hui-Ming Cheng | 2010 | Nano Research2010，3，1： | 10 |
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