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| 1 | Phylogenomics,biogeography,and evolution of the blue-or white-fruited dogwoods(Cornus)-Insights into morphological and ecological niche divergence following intercontinental geographic isolation显示文摘The eastern Asian(EA)-eastem North American(ENA)floristic disjunction represents a major pattern of phytogeography of the Northern Hemisphere.Despite 20 years of studies dedicated to identification of taxa that display this disjunct pattern,its origin and evolution remain an open question,especially regarding postisolation evolution.The blue-or white-fruited dogwoods(BW)are the most species-rich among the four major clades of Cornus L.,consisting of-35 species divided into three subgenera(subg.Yinquania,subg.Mesomora,and subg.Kraniopsis).The BW group provides an excellent example of the EA-ENA floristic disjunction for biogeographic study due to its diversity distribution centered in eastern Asia and eastern North America,yet its species relationships and delineation have remained poorly understood.In this study,we combined genome-wide markers from RAD-seq,morphology,fossils,and climate data to understand species relationships,biogeographic history,and ecological niche and morphological evolution.Our phylogenomic analyses with RAxML and MrBayes recovered a strongly supported and well-resolved phylogeny of the BW group with three intercontinental disjunct clades in EA and ENA or Eurasia and North America,of which two are newly identified within subg.Kraniopsis.These analyses also recovered a potential new species but failed to resolve relationships within the C.hemsleyi-C.schindleri complex.In an effort to develop an approach to reduce computation time,analysis of different nodal age settings in treePL suggests setting a node's minimum age constraint to the lower bound of a fossil's age range to obtain similar ages to that of BEAST.Divergence time analyses with BEAST and treePL dated the BW stem back to the very Late Cretaceous and the divergence of the three subgenera in the Paleogene.By integrating fossil ages and morphology,a total evidence-based dating approach was used in conjunction with time-slice probabilities of dispersal under a DEC model to resolve ancestral ranges of each disjunct in the Miocene:Eurasia and ENA(disjunct 1),EA and western North America(disjunct 2),and EA(disjunct 3).The dated biogeographic history supports dispersal via the North Atlantic Land Bridge in the late Paleogene in disjunct 1 and dispersal via the Bering Land Bridge in the Miocene for disjuncts 2 and 3.Character mapping with a stochastic model in phytools and comparison of ecological niche,morphospace,and rate of evolution indicated differential divergence patterns in morphology,ecological niche,and molecules between disjunct sisters.Although morphological stasis was observed in most of the characters,evolutionary changes in growth habit and some features of leaf,flower,and fruit morphology occurred in one or both sister clades.A significant differentiation of ecological habitats in temperature,precipitation,and elevation between disjunct sisters was observed,suggesting a role of niche divergence in morphological evolution post-isolation.The patterns of evolutionary rate between morphology and molecules varied among disjunct clades and were not always congruent between morphology and molecules,suggesting cases of non-neutral morphological evolution driven by ecological selection.Our phylogenetic evidence and comparisons of evolutionary rate among disjunct lineages lend new insights into the formation of the diversity anomaly between EA and ENA,with particular support of an early diversification in EA.These findings,in conjunction with previous studies,again suggest that the EA-ENA disjunct floras are an assembly of lineages descended from the Mesophytic Forests that evolved from the early Paleogene“boreotropical flora”through varied evolutionary pathways across lineages. | Kira Lindelof Julieta ALindo Wenbin Zhou Xiang Ji Qiu-Yun(Jenny)Xiang | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，5： | 3 |
| 2 | Accuracy in the clinical diagnosis and pattern of malignant melanoma at a dermatological clinic显示文摘 | Lindelof B Hedbiad M | 1994 | J Dermatol1994，21，： | 2 |
| 3 | Fabry-perot interference, Kondo effect and coulomb blockade in carbon nanotubes显示文摘 | Grove-Rasmussen K Jφgensen H I Lindelof P E | 2007 | Physica E2007，40，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Science parks in Sweden: Indus- trial renewal and development?显示文摘 | Lindelof P Lofsten H | 2001 | R&D Management2001，，31： | 1 |
| 5 | Burn injuries and skin cancer:a population-based cohort study显示文摘 | Lindelof B Krynitz B Granath F | 2008 | Acta Derm Venereol2008，88，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Hu man hair form morphology revealed by light and scanning dec tron microscopy and computer aided three dimensional recon struction 显示文摘 | LINDELOF B FORSLIN D B HEDBLAD M A | 1988 | Arch Derm1988，124，9： | 1 |
| 7 | R&D networks and product innovation patterns--academic and non-aca- demic new technology-based firms on Science Parks显示文摘 | HANS LOFSTEN PETER LINDELOF | 2005 | Technovation2005，25，： | 1 |
| 8 | Determinants for an entrepreneurial milieu: Science Parks and business policy in growing firms显示文摘 | Hans Lofsten Peter Lindelof | 2003 | Technovation Issue:232003，5164，： | 1 |
| 9 | Science parks in Sweden-Industrial renewal and development?显示文摘 | Lofsten H Lindelof P | 2001 | R&D Management2001，21，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Science parks in Sweden-industrial renewal and development? 显示文摘 | Lindelof Peter Lofsten Hans | 2001 | R&D Management2001，31，： | 1 |
| 11 | R&D networks and product innovation patterns-academic and non-academic new technology-based firms on science parks显示文摘 | Lofsten H and Lindelof P | 2005 | Technovation2005，25，9： | 1 |
| 12 | Single-electron transport driven by surface acoustic waves : moving quantum dots versus short barriers 显示文摘 | Utko P Hansen J Lindelof P | 2007 | J Low Temp Phys2007，146，： | 1 |
| 13 | Science park location and new technology -based firms in sweden -implications for strategy and performance显示文摘 | Peter Lindelof Hans Lofsten | 2003 | Small Business Economics2003，，： | 1 |
| 14 | R&D Networks and Product In-novation Patterns - Academic and Non - academic New Technology - based Firms on Science Parks 显示文摘 | Lofsten H Lindelof P | 2005 | Technovation2005，25，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Science parks in Sweden - industrial renewal and development? 显示文摘 | Lofsten H Lindelof P | 2001 | R&D Management2001，21，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Science Parks in Sweden- Industrial Renewal and Development? 显示文摘 | Lofsten Hans Lindelof Peter | 2001 | R&D Man- agement2001，31，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Burn injuries and skin cancer:a population-based cohort study显示文摘 | Lindelof B Krynitz B Granath F | 2008 | Acta Derm Venereol2008，88，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Superconducting microbridges exhibiting Josephson properties显示文摘 | Lindelof P E | 1981 | Reports on Progress in Phys-ics1981，44，： | 1 |
| 19 | Growth, management and financing of new technology based firms assessing value-added contributions of firms located on and off Science Parks显示文摘 | LoFSTEN LINDELoF | 2002 | The International Journal of Management Science2002，，30： | 1 |
| 20 | R&D networks and product innovation patterns academic and non-academic new technology-based firms on Science Parks 显示文摘 | LOFSTEN H LINDELOF P | 2005 | Technovation2005，25，9： | 1 |
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