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| 1 | Sex differences in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease显示文摘Sex differences in neurocognitive abilities have been extensively explored both in the healthy population andin many disorders. Until recently, however, little work has examined such differences in people with Alzheimer's disease(AD). This is despite clear evidence that AD is more prevalent in women, and converging lines of evidence from brain imaging, post-mortem analyses, hormone therapy and genetics suggesting that AD affects men and women differently. We provide an overview of evidence attesting to the poorer cognitive profiles in women than in men at the same stage of AD. Indeed, men significantly outperform women in several cognitive domains, including: Language and semantic abilities, visuospatial abilities and episodic memory. These differences do not appear to be attributable to any differences in age, education, or dementia severity. Reasons posited for this female disadvantage include a reduction of estrogen in postmenopausal women, greater cognitive reserve in men, and the influence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. Assessment of cognitive abilities contributes to the diagnosis of the condition and thus, it is crucial to identify the role of sex differences if potentially more accurate diagnoses and treatments are to emerge. | Keith R Laws Karen Irvine Tim M Gale | 2016 | World Journal of Psychiatry2016，6，1： | 18 |
| 2 | Do adjunctive art therapies reduce symptomatology in schizophrenia? A meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND Art therapies are advocated by national bodies,such as the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,to alleviate the negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.The last decade has however,seen several new larger well-controlled trials published suggesting an update is timely.AIM To asses randomised controlled trials(RCT)of art therapies for reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia–particularly negative symptoms.METHODS Searches of PubMed and Scopus were conducted until May 2019 for RCTs examining the impact of art therapies on psychosis(positive,negative and total)symptoms in people diagnosed with schizophrenia.Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Random effects meta-analyses were used to derive overall effect sizes.Moderator analyses were conducted using both metaregression and categorical comparisons.RESULTS We identified 133 articles,of which 9 RCTs involving 948 participants(475 assigned to art therapies and 473 controls)met our inclusion criteria.Using random effects models,we calculated pooled effect sizes(Hedges g)for end-oftrial symptomatic outcomes.Effect sizes both for total symptoms[g=-0.27,95%confidence interval(CI)-0.60 to 0.05,k=6]and for positive symptoms(g=-0.10,95%CI-0.35 to 0.15,k=6)were non-significant;however,we did find significant reduction of negative symptoms(g=-0.42,95%CI-0.70 to-0.14,k=9).Metaregression revealed that negative symptom reduction was larger in trials with a greater proportion of women and in trials with younger patients.Crucially,the negative symptom reduction following art therapies was limited to lower quality trials and did not emerge in trials that used blind assessment of outcomes.CONCLUSION This review presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of art therapies in schizophrenia in terms of both studies included and participant numbers.We found that art therapies did not significantly reduce total or positive symptoms.A'small'therapeutic effect was found for negative symptoms,but we show that the effect is not present in blind trials and may be subject to publication bias. | Keith R Laws William Conway | 2019 | World Journal of Psychiatry2019，9，8： | 3 |
| 3 | Effects of phentolamine or yohimbine on naloxone's actions during endotoxin shock in rats显示文摘 | Law W R Mourelatos M G Krahmer R | 1997 | Shock1997，7，3： | 2 |
| 4 | The central role of fat and effect of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-gamma on progression of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease显示文摘 | Hsueh W A Law R | 2003 | Am J Cardiol2003，92，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Oxytetracycline in Rainbow Trout and Chinook Salmon Following Intraarterial Administration 显示文摘 | Abedini S Namdari R Law F C P | 1998 | Aquaculture1998，162，12： | 2 |
| 6 | Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxytetracycline in rainbow trout and Chinook salmon显示文摘 | Abedini S Namdari R Law FCP | 1998 | Aquaculture1998，162，： | 1 |
| 7 | Advances in electrostatic crop spraying of conductive pesticides 显示文摘 | Law S E Cooper S C Oetting R D | 1992 | Transactions of ASAE1992，11，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Water - weakening of sandstone and quartzite deformed at various stress and strain rates显示文摘 | Hadizadeh J Law R D | 1991 | International journal of rock mechanics and mining science1991，28，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol,ischaemic heart disease,and stroke:systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘 | LAW M R WALD N J RUDNICKA A R | 2003 | BMJ2003，326，7404： | 1 |
| 10 | Comparison of the effects of high-pressure treatments and heat pasteurisation on the whey proteins in goat's milk显示文摘 | Felipe X Capellas M Law A R | 1997 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry1997，45，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Positive and negative magnetocapacitance in magnetic nanoparticle systems显示文摘 | LAWES G TACKETT R ADHIKARY B | 2006 | Appl Phys Lett2006，88，： | 1 |
| 12 | Effect of protein concentration on rates of thermal denaturation of whey protein in milk 显示文摘 | Law A J R Leaver J | 1997 | Agrieahural Food Chemistry1997，45，： | 1 |
| 13 | Large-eddy simulation of starting buoyant jets显示文摘 | Wang R Q Law A W K Adams E E | 2011 | Environmental Fluid Mechanics2011，11，6： | 1 |
| 14 | The impact of online user reviews on hotel room sales 显示文摘 | Ye Q Law R Gu B | 2009 | International Journal of Hospitality Management2009，28，1： | 1 |
| 15 | A neural network model to forecast Japanese demand for travel to Hong Kong显示文摘 | LAW R AU N | 1999 | Tourism Management1999，20，： | 1 |
| 16 | Leader-member Exchange As A Mediator of the Relationship be- tween Transformational Leadership and Followers' Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior显示文摘 | WANG H LAW K S HACKETT R D WANG D CHEN Z X | 2005 | The Academy of Man- agement Journal2005，48，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Functional Bimorph Composite Nanotapes 显示文摘 | He R R Law M Fan R | 2002 | Nano Lett2002，2，10： | 1 |
| 18 | An overview of the serpin superfamily 显示文摘 | Law R H Zhang Q W McGowan S | 2006 | Genome Biol2006，7，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Battery performance enhancement with additions of bismuth显示文摘 | Law L T Demacro R | 1994 | Journal of Power Source1994，，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Effect of protein concentration on rates of thermal denaturation of whey protein in milk 显示文摘 | Law A J R Leaver J | 1997 | Journal of Agicaltural and Food Chemistry1997，45，11： | 1 |
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