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| 1 | EASE-DGGS:a hybrid discrete global grid system for Earth sciences显示文摘Although we live in an era of unprecedented quantities and access to data,deriving actionable information from raw data is a hard problem.Earth observation systems(EOS)have experienced rapid growth and uptake in recent decades,and the rate at which we obtain remotely sensed images is increasing.While significant effort and attention has been devoted to designing systems that deliver analytics ready imagery faster,less attention has been devoted to developing analytical frameworks that enable EOS to be seamlessly integrated with other data for quantitative analysis.Discrete global grid systems(DGGS)have been proposed as one potential solution that addresses the challenge of geospatial data integration and interoperability.Here,we propose the systematic extension of EASE-Grid in order to provide DGGS-like characteristics for EOS data sets.We describe the extensions as well as present implementation as an application programming interface(API),which forms part of the University of Minnesota’s GEMS(Genetic x Environment x Management x Socioeconomic)Informatics Center’s API portfolio. | Jeffery A.Thompson Mary J.Brodzik Kevin A.T.Silverstein Mason A.Hurley Nathan L.Carlson | 2022 | Big Earth Data2022，6，3： | 2 |
| 2 | 人工耳蜗植入中的耳蜗电图:发展、应用和未来方向显示文摘目的本研究的目的是全面概述耳蜗电图的电生理及其历史,讨论其在人工耳蜗植入中新近的应用,并探讨在这个不断深入领域中所开展的研究。耳蜗电图是一种记录内耳不同组分和外周蜗神经对声刺激反应产生电位的电生理技术。耳蜗电图可解析为:①耳蜗微音电位,②听神经音电位,③总和电位,④听神经复合动作电位。数十年来,随着技术上的不断改进,对记录电位的理解也在不断更新。耳蜗电图历来主要应用于梅尼埃病的诊断评估。然而,近十年来耳蜗电图的应用聚焦到人工耳蜗植入上。具有残余听力的患者在人工耳蜗植入后,联合电声刺激可以改善听力和言语。尽管术者在电极插入过程中尽量减轻组织损伤,但患者术后听力保存率各异。在植入耳蜗期间,当术者插入电极阵列时,实时耳蜗电图可以检测耳蜗局部区域诱发的频率特异性耳蜗微音电位。在耳蜗外记录耳蜗电图,记录电极可以放置于鼓岬、镫骨或鼓膜。耳蜗内耳蜗电图记录可以通过将记录电极插入耳蜗,或者使用人工耳蜗中的1个电极作为记录电极。术中耳蜗电图信号的丧失可能提示电极插入导致的耳蜗损伤,然而两者之间的关系尚存在争议。在人工耳蜗电极植入时监测耳蜗损伤有望改善听力保留结果、改良手术技术以及改进电极设计。 | Jason H.Barnes Linda X.Yin Aniket A.Saoji Matthew L.Carlson 王鹏军(译) 殷善开(审校) | 2021 | 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志2021，56，9： | 1 |
| 3 | Assembly and metrology of NIF target subassemblies using robotic systems显示文摘With European Laser Facilities such as the Extreme Light Infrastructure(ELI) and the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields(HIBEF) scheduled to come online within the next couple of years, General Atomics, as a major supplier of targets and target components for the High Energy Density Physics community in the United States, is gearing up to meet their demand for large numbers of low cost targets. Using the production of a subassembly for the National Ignition Facility's fusion targets as an example, we demonstrate that through automation of assembly tasks, the design of targets and their experimental setup can be fairly complex while keeping the assembly time and cost as a minimum.A six-axis Mitsubishi robot is used in combination with vision feedback and a force–torque sensor to assemble target subassemblies of different scales and designs with minimal change of tooling, allowing for design flexibility and short assembly setup times. Implementing automated measurement routines on a Nikon NEXIV microscope further reduces the effort required for target metrology, while electronic data collection and transfer complete a streamlined target production operation that can be adapted to a large variety of target designs. | K.-J.Boehm N.Alexander J.Anderson L.Carlson M.Farrell | 2017 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2017，5，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas defined on the basis of mitosis and necrosis显示文摘 | DavidHiltzik Diane L.Carlson R. MichaelTuttle ShaokunChuai NicoleIshill AshokShaha Jatin P.Shah BuvaneshSingh Ronald A.Ghossein | 2006 | Cancer2006，，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Development of a field enhanced photocatalytic device for biocide of coliform bacteria显示文摘A field enhanced flow reactor using bias assisted photocatalysis was developed for bacterial disinfection in lab-synthesized and natural waters. The reactor provided complete inactivation of contaminated waters with flow rates of 50 m L/min. The device consisted of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays, with an externally applied bias of up to 6 V. Light intensity, applied voltage, background electrolytes and bacteria concentration were all found to impact the device performance. Complete inactivation of Escherichia coli W3110(~ 8 × 10~3CFU/m L) occurred in 15 sec in the reactor irradiated at 25 m W/cm^2 with an applied voltage of 4 V in a 100 ppm NaCl solution. Real world testing was conducted using source water from Emigration Creek in Salt Lake City, Utah. Disinfection of natural creek water proved more challenging, providing complete bacterial inactivation after 25 sec at 6 V. A reduction in bactericidal efficacy was attributed to the presence of inorganic and organic species, as well as the increase in robustness of natural bacteria. | Jeff M.Huber Krista L.Carlson Otakuye Conroy-Ben Mano Misra Swomitra K.Mohanty | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Burnout and well-being in otolaryngology trainees:A systematic review显示文摘Objective:To comprehensively review the recent published literature to characterize current trends of burnout and well-being among otolaryngology trainees.Methods:Study design:systematic review and meta-analysis.A comprehensive literature review from 2000 to 2021 of studies related to otolaryngology resident burnout and well-being,as well as the general topic of well-being among surgical residents was completed.All included studies were summarized qualitatively.For the quantitative analysis,only articles reporting a Maslach burnout inventory(MBI),modified MBI or Mini-Z-Burnout assessment were included.Results:Twenty-five articles were included in the qualitative summary and nine articles in the quantitative analysis.In the qualitative summary,trainees were reported to have increased levels of distress and emotional hardening compared to attending otolaryngologists.Total hours worked per week and female gender were associated with worsened well-being.Residency program strategies to improve trainee well-being include program-sponsored wellness activities,dedicated wellness champions,and assistance with clerical burden.Implementation of protected nonclinical time has been shown to decrease burnout and increase well-being among trainees.Moreover,formal trainee mentorship programs have also been shown to reduce trainee burnout and stress.In the quantitative analysis,rates of trainee burnout ranged from 29.7%to 86%with an overall trend towards reduced rates of burnout from 2006 to 2021.Utilizing a weighted average,the overall burnout among otolaryngology residents was 58.6%.Conclusions:Rates of burnout remain high among otolaryngology trainees.Implementing formal mentorship programs and providing protected time during regular work hours appear to be effective tools to improve resident well-being. | Skye K.Lawlor Christopher M.Low Matthew L.Carlson Karthik Rajasekaran Garret Choby | 2022 | World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery2022，8，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Electrocochleoeraphy in cochlear implantation:Development,applications,and future directions显示文摘Electrocochleography(ECochG)is an electrophysiological technique that records electrical potentials generated by different components of the inner ear and peripheral cochlear nerve in response to acoustic stimulation.ECochG responses can be analyzed into(1)cochlear microphonics(CM),(2)auditory nerve neurophonics,(3)summating potential,and(4)compound action potential.Over the past few decades,there have been ongoing refinements in technique and updates in the understanding of recorded potentials.Historically,ECochG found its main application in the diagnostic evaluation of Meniere^disease(MD).However,in the last decade,the focus has shifted towards cochlear implantation(Cl).In patients with residual hearing after Cl,combined electric and acoustic stimulation has resulted in improved hearing and speech outcomes.Despite efforts to mitigate trauma during electrode insertion,hearing preservation rates vary after surgery.During implantation,real-time ECochG offers an opportunity to measure frequency specific CMs elicited from a localized region in the cochlea as the surgeon inserts the electrode array.In extracochlear ECochG recordings,the recording electrode can be placed on the promontory,the stapes,or the tympanic membrane.Intracochlear ECochG can be performed by inserting a recording electrode into the cochlea or by using one of the Cl electrodes as the recording electrode.The loss of intraoperative ECochG signal may indicate cochlear trauma from electrode insertion,but the association between intraoperative ECochG changes and cochlear trauma remains controversial.The ability to monitor cochlear trauma during Cl electrode placement holds promise to improve hearing preservation outcomes,modify surgical techniques,and change electrode design.The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the electrophysiology and history of ECochG,discuss its recent applications in Cl,and explore the ongoing research in this expanding field. | Jason H.Barnes Linda X.Yin Aniket A.Saoji Matthew L.Carlson | 2021 | World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery2021，7，2： | 0 |
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