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| 1 | Microstructure,mechanical and corrosion behavior of high strength AA7075aluminium alloy friction stir welds-Effect of post weld heat treatment显示文摘High strength aluminium alloy AA7075(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) is a precipitate hardenable alloy widely used in the aerospace,defense,marine and automobile industries.Use of the heat treatable aluminium alloys in all these sectors is ever-increasing owing to their excellent strength-toweight ratio and reasonably good corrosion resistance.The shortage in corrosion resistance,however,usually poses negative concern about their reliability and lifetime when they service in the variable marine environments.These alloys also exhibit low weldability due to poor solidification microstructure,porosity in fusion zone and lose their mechanical properties when they are welded by fusion welding techniques.Friction stir welding(FSW) is a reliable technique to retain the properties of the alloy as the joining takes place in the solid state.The welds are susceptible to corrosion due to the microstructural changes in the weld nugget during FSW.In this work,the effect of post weld treatments,viz.,peak aging(T6) and retrogression & reaging(RRA),on the microstructure,mechanical properties and pitting corrosion has been studied.Friction stir welding of 8 mm-thick AA7075 alloy was carried out.The microstructural changes of base metal and nugget zone of friction stir welds were studied using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Tensile and hardness test of base metal and welds has been carried out.Pitting corrosion resistance was determined through dynamic polarization test.It was observed that the hardness and strength of weld were observed to be comparatively high in peak aged(T6) condition but the welds showed poor corrosion resistance.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved and the mechanical properties were maintained by RRA treatment.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved in RRA condition with the minimum loss of weld strength. | P.Vijaya Kumar G.Madhusudhan Reddy K.Srinivasa Rao | 2015 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2015，11，4： | 20 |
| 2 | 海枣核CO_2活化和磷酸活化制备活性炭及其结构、吸附性能(英文)显示文摘由于具有很大的吸附容量,多孔炭材料是优良的吸附剂。笔者试图比较海枣核分别经CO2活化和磷酸活化所制活性炭的结构和吸附性能。活化过程和工艺条件对炭的物理化学性质影响较大,根据文献报道的结果选取了优化的工艺参数。基于氮气吸附等温线、SEM、FT-IR等分析结果,评估了活性炭的结构特征,吸附性能则由亚甲蓝吸附值表示。CO2活化得到了微孔活性炭,产率为44%、BET比表面积是666 m2·g-1;磷酸活化得到了产率为14.8%的中孔活性炭,BET比表面积为725 m2·g-1。CO2活化活性炭的平均孔径是1.51 nm,磷酸活化活性炭的则为2.91 nm。活性炭的亚甲蓝吸附等温线分别用Langmuir等温线和Freundlich等温线进行了验证,在优化工艺条件下制备的CO2活化炭和磷酸活化炭的亚甲蓝w单分子吸附容量分别为110 mg·g-1和345 mg·g-1。然而,磷酸活化产生的亚甲蓝吸附值最高达455 mg·g-1。 | K. Suresh Kumar Reddy Ahmed Al Shoaibi C. Srinivasakannan | 2012 | 新型炭材料2012，27，5： | 14 |
| 3 | Influence of bimodal grain size distribution on the corrosion behavior of friction stir processed biodegradable AZ31 magnesium alloy显示文摘In the present study,AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were processed by friction stir processing(FSP)to investigate the effect of the grain refinement and grain size distribution on the corrosion behavior.Grain refinement from a starting size of 16.4±6.8µm to 3.2±1.2µm was attained after FSP.Remarkably,bimodal grain size distribution was observed in the nugget zone with a combination of coarse(11.62±8.4µm)and fine grains(3.2±1.2µm).Due to the grain refinement,a slight improvement in the hardness was found in the nugget zone of FSPed AZ31.The bimodal grain size distribution in the stir zone showed pronounced influence on the corrosion rate of FSPed AZ31 as observed from the immersion and electrochemical tests.From the X-ray diffraction analysis,more amount of Mg(OH)_(2) was observed on FSPed AZ31 compared with the unprocessed AZ31.Polarization measurements demonstrated the higher corrosion current density for FSPed AZ31(8.92×10^(−5)A/cm^(2))compared with the unprocessed condition(2.90×10^(−5)A/cm^(2))that can be attributed to the texture effect and large variations in the grain size which led to non-uniform galvanic intensities. | N.Saikrishna G.Pradeep Kumar Reddy Balakrishnan Munirathinam B.Ratna Sunil | 2016 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2016，4，1： | 13 |
| 4 | Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 Against Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and on Growth and Yield of Rice显示文摘Rice sheath blight disease(ShB),caused by Rhizoctonia solani,gives rise to significant grain yield losses.The present study evaluated the efficacy of Integral?,the commercial liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600,against rice ShB and for plant growth promotion.In greenhouse studies,four log concentrations of Integral(from 2.2×106 to 2.2×109 cfu/mL) were used as seed treatment(ST).After 25 d,seedlings were dipped(SD) into Integral prior to transplanting.At 30 d after transplanting(DAT),leaf sheaths were inoculated with immature sclerotia of the pathogen.At 45 DAT,a foliar spray(FS) with Integral was applied to some treatments.The fungicide control was 50% carbendazim at 1.0 g/L,and a nontreated control was also included.Overall,there were 10 treatments,each with five replications.ShB severity was rated at 52 DAT,and seedling height and number of tillers per plant were rated at 60 DAT.In 2009,two field trials evaluated Integral at 2.2×108 and 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Integral was applied as ST,and seedlings were produced in a nursery bed.After 32 d,seedlings were treated with Integral as SD and transplanted into 10 m2 blocks.Foliar sprays were given at 45 and 60 DAT.There were seven treatments,each with eight replications arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design.At 20 DAT,the plots were broadcast inoculated with R.solani produced on rice grains.Seedling height before transplanting,ShB severity at 90 DAT,and grain yield at harvest were recorded.Integral at 2.2×109 cfu/mL provided significant increase of seedling heights over other treatments under greenhouse conditions.The Integral treatments of ST + SD + FS at 2.2×109 cfu/mL significantly suppressed ShB over other treatments.In field studies,Integral provided significant increase of seedling height in nursery,and number of tillers per plant,compared with the control.ShB severity was significantly suppressed with higher concentrations of Integral compared to lower concentrations.Grain yield were the highest at an Integral concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Overall,Integral significantly reduced ShB severity,enhanced seedling growth,number of tillers per plant and grain yield as ST + SD + FS at the concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL under the conditions evaluated. | K. VIJAY KRISHNA KUMAR S. KR. YELLAREDDYGARI M. S. REDDY J. W. KLOEPPER K. S. LAWRENCE X. G. ZHOU H. SUDINI D. E. GROTH S. KRISHNAM RAJU M. E. MILLER | 2012 | Rice science2012，19，1： | 11 |
| 5 | Cerebral lipiodol embolism following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a report of two cases and literature review显示文摘服的 lipiodol 栓塞( CLE )是 transcatheter 的极其稀罕的复杂并发症为 hepatocellular carcinoma.To 的动脉的 chemoembolization 我们的知识,仅仅 11 个案例以前是最近遇到的 reported.We 在我们的临床的 work.Reviewing 的 CLE 的二个案例在文学的 11 个案例和在我们的报告的二个案例显示微粒 embolization 的那大剂量 lipiodol 注入和缺席应该是自左至右的分流和劣等的膈的动脉 injecti 的 avoided.The | LI Zhi NI Rui-fang BUSIREDDY Kiran Kumar Reddy JIN Yong-hai ZHAO Xin LI Ming-ming YANG Chao | 2011 | Chinese Medical Journal2011，，24： | 9 |
| 6 | Per oral cholangiopancreatoscopy in pancreatico biliary diseases- Expert consensus statements显示文摘AIM: To provide consensus statements on the use of per-oral cholangiopancreatoscopy(POCPS).METHODS: A workgroup of experts in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP), endosonography, and POCPS generated consensus statements summarizing the utility of POCPS in pancreaticobiliary disease. Recommendation grades used validated evidence ratings of publications from an extensive literature review.RESULTS: Six consensus statements were generated:(1) POCPS is now an important additional tool during ERCP;(2) in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures, POCS and POCS-guided targeted biopsy are useful for establishing a definitive diagnosis;(3) POCS and POCS-guided lithotripsy are recommended for treatment of difficult common bile duct stones when standard techniques fail;(4) in patients with main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMN) POPS may be used to assess extent of tumor to assist surgicalresection;(5) in difficult pancreatic ductal stones,POPS-guided lithotripsy may be useful in fragmentation and extraction of stones; and(6) additional indications for POCPS include selective guidewire placement,unexplained hemobilia, assessing intraductal biliary ablation therapy, and extracting migrated stents. CONCLUSION: POCPS is important in association with ERCP, particularly for diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures and for intra-ductal lithotripsy when other techniques failed, and may be useful for preoperative assessment of extent of main duct IPMN, for extraction of difficult pancreatic stones, and for unusua indications involving selective guidewire placement,assessing unexplained hemobilia or intraductal biliary ablation therapy, and extracting migrated stents. | Mohan Ramchandani Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy Sundeep Lakhtakia Manu Tandan Amit Maydeo Thoguluva Seshadri Chandrashekhar Ajay Kumar Randhir Sud Rungsun Rerknimitr Dadang Makmun Christopher Khor | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，15： | 8 |
| 7 | 马来亚大学医学中心门诊糖尿病患者视网膜病变的发病率(英文)显示文摘目的:评估马来亚大学医学中心眼科门诊的糖尿病性视网膜病变的发病率和它在糖尿病患者中的危险因素。方法:该横向研究包括100例近期被诊断为糖尿病患者的200眼。采集有关的眼部和全身病史并对所有的眼进行彻底散瞳眼底检查。视网膜病变的状况根据早期糖尿病性视网膜病变治疗研究(ETDRS)的结果进行分类。造成视网膜病变的危险因素是通过卡方检验进行分析的,P<0.05被认为有意义。结果:在我们的研究中,近期被诊断为糖尿病人群中糖尿病性视网膜病变的发病率为28%,Ⅱ型糖尿病患者中非增殖性视网膜病变的发病率(36%)比Ⅰ型糖尿病患者高(24%)。在两种类型的糖尿病患者中,视网膜病变的发病率与性别、年龄、种族、社会经济状况、糖尿病类型和体重指数无关。糖尿病病史较长并控制不良的患者,高血压者,伴有神经病变者,高脂血症以及有吸烟史者,视网膜病变的发病率明显高。结论:对糖尿病患者进行视网膜病变的基线筛查是可取的,因为早期发现,规律随访,合理的推荐给眼科医生并进行有效的治疗将减少以及避免患者严重的视力丧失。 | I Tajunisah SMS Sendhil Kumar S C Reddy | 2008 | 国际眼科杂志2008，8，4： | 7 |
| 8 | MicroRNA-99a mimics inhibit M1 macrophage phenotype and adipose tissue inflammation by targeting TNFα显示文摘In human adipose tissue and obesity,miR-99a expression is negatively correlated with inflammation.Therefore,the present study investigated the role of miR-99a in macrophage phenotype activation and adipose tissue inflammation.M2 BMDMs showed a significant increase in miR-99a expression when compared to the M0 and M1 phenotypes.Phenotype-switching experiments established an association between upregulated miR-99a expression and the M2 phenotype.Overexpression of miR-99a prevented M1 phenotype activation and attenuated bactericidal activity.Likewise,knockdown of miR-99a abolished M2 phenotype activation.By means of in silico target prediction tools and a luciferase reporter assay,TNFαwas identified as a direct target of miR-99a.Knockdown of TNFαrecapitulated the effect of miR-99a overexpression in M1 BMDMs.In a db/db mice model,miR-99a expression was reduced in eWAT and F4/80+ATMs.Systemic overexpression of miR-99a in db/db mice attenuated adipocyte hypertrophy with increased CD301 and reduced CD86 immunostaining.Flow cytometry analysis also showed an increased M2 and a reduced M1 macrophage population.Mimics of miR-99a also improved the diabetic dyslipidemia and insulin signaling in eWAT and liver,with an attenuated expression of gluconeogenesis and cholesterol metabolism genes in the liver.Furthermore,adoptive transfer of miR-99a-overexpressing macrophages in the db/db mice recapitulated in vivo miR-99a mimic effects with increased M2 and reduced M1 macrophage populations and improved systemic glucose,insulin sensitivity,and insulin signaling in the eWAT and liver.The present study demonstrates that miR-99a mimics can regulate macrophage M1 phenotype activation by targeting TNFα.miR-99a therapeutics in diabetic mice reduces the adipose tissue inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity. | Anant Jaiswal Sukka Santosh Reddy Mohita Maurya Preeti Maurya Manoj Kumar Barthwal | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，5： | 7 |
| 9 | Magnesium based surface metal matrix composites by friction stir processing显示文摘Surface metal matrix composites(MMCs)are a group of modern engineered materials where the surface of the material is modified by dispersing secondary phase in the form of particles or fibers and the core of the material experience no change in chemical composition and structure.The potential applications of the surface MMCs can be found in automotive,aerospace,biomedical and power industries.Recently,friction stir processing(FSP)technique has been gaining wide popularity in producing surface composites in solid state itself.Magnesium and its alloys being difficult to process metals also have been successfully processed by FSP to fabricate surface MMCs.The aim of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive summary of state-of-the-art in fabricating magnesium based composites by FSP.Influence of the secondary phase particles and grain refinement resulted from FSP on the properties of these composites is also discussed. | B.Ratna Sunil G.Pradeep Kumar Reddy Hemendra Patle Ravikumar Dumpala | 2016 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2016，4，1： | 6 |
| 10 | 硝基咪唑杂环药物化学研究进展显示文摘硝基咪唑是一类特殊结构的杂环,五元芳香杂环咪唑与硝基的共缀使其衍生物呈现广泛的应用潜力,在药物、人工诊断剂与人工探针等相关领域研究异常活跃,尤其是在医药方面作为人工合成的化学药物已在临床中广泛用于抗癌、抗菌、抗寄生虫等,备受关注.本文结合本课题组相关研究,参考国内外近期文献,系统地综述了硝基咪唑类化合物在药物化学领域的研究与应用,包括抗肿瘤、抗细菌、抗真菌、抗寄生虫、抗结核、抗高血压以及作为人工诊断剂与病理探针、超分子基体等领域的当前现状,展望了其未来可能的发展趋势.希望该评述能为硝基咪唑类杂环化合物的多用途开发提供有益的指导. | 李珍珍 Maddili Swetha Kameswari TangadanchuVijai Kumar Reddy Bheemanaboina Rammohan R.Yadav 林健梅 杨仁国 蔡桂鑫 周成合 | 2019 | 中国科学:化学2019，49，2： | 6 |
| 11 | Microstructure and pitting corrosion of armor grade AA7075 aluminum alloy friction stir weld nugget zone-Effect of post weld heat treatment and addition of boron carbide显示文摘Friction stir welding(FSW) of high strength aluminum alloys has been emerged as an alternative joining technique to avoid the problems during fusion welding.In recent times FSW is being used for armor grade AA7075 aluminum alloy in defense,aerospace and marine applications where it has to serve in non uniform loading and corrosive environments.Even though friction stir welds of AA7075 alloy possess better mechanical properties but suffer from poor corrosion resistance.The present work involves use of retrogression and reaging(RRA) post weld heat treatment to improve the corrosion resistance of welded joints of aluminum alloys.An attempt also has been made to change the chemical composition of the weld nugget by adding B4C nano particles with the aid of the FSW on a specially prepared base metal plate in butt position.The effects of peak aged condition(T6),RRA and addition of B4C nano particles on microstructure,hardness and pitting corrosion of nugget zone of the friction stir welds of AA7075 alloy have been studied.Even though RRA improved the pitting corrosion resistance,its hardness was slightly lost.Significant improvement in pitting corrosion resistance was achieved with addition of boron carbide powder and post weld heat treatment of RRA. | P.VIJAYA KUMAR G.MADHUSUDHAN REDDY K.SRINIVASA RAO | 2015 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2015，11，2： | 5 |
| 12 | Discovery of natural berberine-derived nitroimidazoles as potentially multi-targeting agents against drug-resistant Escherichia coli显示文摘A series of natural berberine-derived nitroimidazoles as novel antibacterial agents were designed, synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), infrared spectra(IR), and high resolution mass spectra(HRMS) spectra. The antimicrobial evaluation showed that some target molecules exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activities against the tested bacteria and fungi including clinical drug-resistant strains isolated from infected patients. Especially, 2-fluorobenzyl derivative8 f not only gave strong activity against drug-resistant E. coli with the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) value of0.003 m M, 33-fold more active than norfloxacin, but also exhibited low toxicity toward RAW 264.7 cells and less propensity to trigger resistance. The aqueous solubility and Clog P values of target compounds were investigated to elucidate the structureactivity relationships. Molecular docking and quantum chemical studies for compound 8 f rationally explained its antibacterial effect. The further exploration of antibacterial mechanism revealed that the highly active compound 8 f could effectively permeabilize E. coli cell membrane and intercalate into DNA isolated from resistant E. coli to form 8 f-DNA complex that might block DNA replication to exert the powerful bioactivities. Compound 8 f could also selectively address resistant E. coli from a mixture of various strains. | Guo-Biao Zhang Swetha Kameswari Maddili Vijai Kumar Reddy Tangadanchu Lavanya Gopala Wei-Wei Gao Gui-Xin Cai Cheng-He Zhou | 2018 | Science China Chemistry2018，61，5： | 5 |
| 13 | Silica gel catalyzed α-bromination of ketones using N-bromosuccinimide: An easy and rapid method显示文摘An easy and rapid method for the a-bromination of ketones using N-bromosuccinimide(NBS) catalyzed by silica gel in methanol under reflux conditions was developed. The expected products were formed in excellent isolated yields within a short period of time(5–20 min). Major advantages of the present procedure include use of inexpensive and readily available catalyst, exclusion of pre- and post-chemical treatment of catalyst and use of methanol as solvent instead of ethers and chlorinated solvents. | Bodireddy Mohan Reddy Velpula Venkata Ramana Kumar Nallagondu Chinna Gangi Reddy Siripragada Mahender Raob | 2014 | Chinese Chemical Letters2014，25，1： | 5 |
| 14 | 喹唑酮咪唑类化合物的设计、合成及其抗菌活性与靶向DNA研究显示文摘多药耐药菌的频繁出现已日益严重威胁人类健康,开发结构新型的抗菌药物已成为全世界战胜耐药菌的重要课题.本文设计合成了一系列具有抗微生物潜力的酰腙桥链的喹唑酮咪唑类新化合物,其结构经核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(^(13)C NMR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)进行表征.生物活性研究发现,一些目标化合物具有较好的抗微生物活性,特别是十八烷基衍生物6h和4-氟苄基取代的化合物7i,抗痢疾杆菌和大肠杆菌DH52的活性是氯霉素的2.5~3.3倍,抗黄曲霉菌活性是临床药物氟康唑的28和8.4倍.用紫外-可见光谱法进行了高活性化合物7i靶向DNA的初步研究,发现咪唑衍生物7i可嵌入小牛胸腺DNA形成7i-DNA超分子络合物,从而阻断DNA复制,展现出较好的抗细菌活性.分子模拟研究表明,活性分子7i与DNA碱基通过氢键结合.该类化合物作为新型抗真菌黄曲霉菌专一特效药及新型抗细菌药值得深入研究. | 曹泉诚 王辉 Tangadanchu Vijai Kumar Reddy Gopala Lavanya 蔡桂鑫 周成合 | 2017 | 中国科学:化学2017，47，7： | 5 |
| 15 | Effect of aluminum content on machining characteristics of AZ31 and AZ91 magnesium alloys during drilling显示文摘Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys are now becoming the promising choice for various structural applications due to their low density and high specific strength compared with other light metals such as aluminum and its alloys.Among all Mg alloys,AZ(aluminum and zinc)series is the most widely used alloy system for various structural applications.But,machining of magnesium and its alloys involves certain issues due to their brittle nature and risk of inflammability unlike other nonferrous metals.Particularly,alloys with considerable amount of secondary phase may exhibit different machining characteristics during metal cutting operations.In the present study,two AZ series alloys AZ31 and AZ91 were selected and drilling operation was performed to assess the effect of the secondary phase amount and distribution on machining characteristics.Drilling operation was carried out at different sets of process parameters and cutting forces were obtained and the chips which have been produced during drilling were analyzed.From the results,it can be clearly understood that the presence of secondary phase(Mg_(17)Al_(12))has a significant influence on cutting forces.Increase in cutting speed has reduced the required cutting force and load fluctuations in all the cases. | B.Ratna Sunil K.V.Ganesh P.Pavan G.Vadapalli Ch Swarnalatha P.Swapna P.Bindukumar G.Pradeep Kumar Reddy | 2016 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2016，4，1： | 4 |
| 16 | Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid A case study显示文摘 | Pathirikkat GOPAKUMAR G. Surya CHANDRA M. Jaya Bharata REDDY Dusmata Kumar MOHANTA | 2013 | Frontiers in Energy2013，7，3： | 4 |
| 17 | Bismuth Modified Porous Silica Preparation,Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity Evaluation for Degradation of Isoproturon显示文摘Porous silica prepared by using an acrylic emulsion has been impregnated with bismuth ion resulting in Bi_2SiO_5 species containing surface.The as-prepared materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive analysis of X-ray(EDAX),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and N_2 adsorption/desorption techniques. EDAX analysis confirms the penetration of bismuth ions into the framework of silica to form Bi_2SiO_5,which is substantiated by XRD.The UV—Vis DRS shows that the catalysts are optically active and XPS confirms the inclusion of bismuth into the framework of silica.FTIR spectra illustrate the formation of Bi—O—Si linkages in the porous silica framework.SEM and TEM show the spherical morphology,whereas N_2 adsorption/desorption study confirms the porosity of the prepared materials.The photocatalytic activity of the material is evaluated for the degradation of isoproturon herbicide and it is found that the material is active as compared to the commercial P-25 Degussa TiO_2. | Anil Kumar Reddy Police Srinivas Basavaraju Durga Kumari Valluri Subrahmanyam Machiraju | 2013 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2013，29，7： | 4 |
| 18 | An investigation on the hardness and corrosion behavior of MWCNT/Mg composites and grain refined Mg显示文摘In the present work,multi walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)reinforced magnesium(Mg)matrix composite was fabricated by friction stir processing(FSP)with an aim to explore its mechanical and electrochemical behavior.Microstructural observations showed that the thickness of the produced composite layer was in the range of 2500μm.FSP resulted uniform distribution of CNT near the surface while agglomerated layers in the subsurface.Grain refinement of Mg achieved by FSP improved the hardness but significant enhancement in the hardness value was observed for FSPed MWCNT/Mg composites.Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that the increase in corrosion current density was observed for MWCNT/Mg composite compared with grain refined Mg and pure Mg,implying the significance of secondary phase(MWCNT)in decreasing the corrosion resistance of the composite. | N.Saikrishna G.Pradeep Kumar Reddy Balakrishnan Munirathinam Ravikumar Dumpala M.Jagannatham B.Ratna Sunil | 2018 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2018，6，1： | 4 |
| 19 | Prospects to the formation and control of potential dimer impurity E of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate显示文摘Pantoprazole sodium, a substituted benzimidazole derivative, is an irreversible proton pump inhibitor which is primarily used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The monographs of European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) specify six impurities, viz.;impurities A, B, C, D, E and F, respectively for its active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The identification and synthesis of all impurities except impurity E are well described in the literature;however, there is no report related to impurity E. The prospects to the formation and controlling of impurity E up to -0.03% in the synthesis of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate (PAN) were discussed in detail for the first time. The present work described the journey towards the successful development of an optimal preparation procedure of dimer impurity E. The most plausible mechanism involved in the formation of impurity E has been proposed. | Arun Kumar Awasthi Lalit Kumar Punit Tripathi Madhava Golla Cirandur Suresh Reddy Pramod Kumar | 2019 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2019，9，3： | 4 |
| 20 | Multitract percutaneous nephrolithotomy in staghorn calculus显示文摘Staghorn calculi are branched stones which occupy a majority portion of the pelvicaliceal system.An untreated staghorn calculus over time can damage the kidney and deteriorate its function and/or cause life threatening sepsis.Total stone clearance is an important goal in order to eradicate any infective focus,relieve obstruction,prevent recurrence and preserve the kidney function.Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)is currently the accepted first-line treatment option for staghorn calculi.The options available are single-tract PCNL with an auxiliary procedure like shockwave lithotripsy,single-tract PCNL with flexible nephroscopy,or multitract PCNL.Each has its own pros and cons.But the ultimate goal of treatment for any patient with staghorn calculi should be safety,cost-effectiveness,and to achieve total stone clearance.With this article,we review the management of staghorn calculi with multiple percutaneous(“multitract”)access,its advantages and disadvantages and its current position by studying the various published materials across the globe. | Arvind P.Ganpule MNaveen Kumar Reddy SBSudharsan Shaishav BShah Ravindra BSabnis Mahesh RDesai | 2020 | Asian Journal of Urology2020，7，2： | 4 |
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