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| 1 | Role of Hox genes in stem cell differentiation显示文摘Hox genes are an evolutionary highly conserved gene family. They determine the anterior-posterior body axis in bilateral organisms and influence the developmental fate of cells. Embryonic stem cells are usually devoidof any Hox gene expression, but these transcription factors are activated in varying spatial and temporal patterns defining the development of various body regions. In the adult body, Hox genes are among others responsible for driving the differentiation of tissue stem cells towards their respective lineages in order to repair and maintain the correct function of tissues and organs. Due to their involvement in the embryonic and adult body, they have been suggested to be useable for improving stem cell differentiations in vitro and in vivo. In many studies Hox genes have been found as driving factors in stem cell differentiation towards adipogenesis, in lineages involved in bone and joint formation, mainly chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, in cardiovascular lineages including endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiations, and in neurogenesis. As life expectancy is rising, the demand for tissue reconstruction continues to increase. Stem cells have become an increasingly popular choice for creating therapies in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation potential. Especially mesenchymal stem cells are used more and more frequently due to their easy handling and accessibility, combined with a low tumorgenicity and little ethical concerns. This review therefore intends to summarize to date known correlations between natural Hox gene expression patterns in body tissues and during the differentiation of various stem cells towards their respective lineages with a major focus on mesenchymal stem cell differentiations. This overview shall help to understand the complex interactions of Hox genes and differentiation processes all over the body as well as in vitro for further improvement of stem cell treatments in future regenerative medicine approaches. | Anne Seifert David F Werheid Silvana M Knapp Edda Tobiasch | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，3： | 10 |
| 2 | High-flow nasal oxygen availability for sedation decreases the use of general anesthesia during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound显示文摘AIM To examine whether high-flow nasal oxygen(HFNO) availability influences the use of general anesthesia(GA) in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) and associated outcomes.METHODS In this retrospective study, patients were stratified into 3 eras between October 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014 based on HFNO availability for deep sedation at the time of their endoscopy. During the first and last 3-mo eras(era 1 and 3), no HFNO was available, whereas it was an option during the second 3-mo era(era 2). The primary outcome was the percent utilization of GA vs deep sedation in each period. Secondary outcomes included oxygen saturation nadir during sedation between periods, as well as procedure duration, and anesthesia-only time between periods and for GA vs sedation cases respectively.RESULTS During the study period 238 ERCP or EUS cases were identified for analysis. Statistical testing was employed and a P < 0.050 was significant unless the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used. General anesthesia use was significantly lower in era 2 compared to era 1 with the same trend between era 2 and 3(P = 0.012 and 0.045 respectively). The oxygen saturation nadir during sedation was significantly higher in era 2 compared to era 3(P < 0.001) but not between eras 1 and 2(P = 0.028) or 1 and 3(P = 0.069). The procedure time within each era was significantly longer under GA compared to deep sedation(P ≤ 0.007) as was the anesthesia-only time(P ≤ 0.001).CONCLUSION High-flow nasal oxygen availability was associated with decreased GA utilization and improved oxygenation for ERCP and EUS during sedation. | Roman Schumann Nikola S Natov Klifford A Rocuts-Martinez Matthew D Finkelman Tom V Phan Sanjay R Hegde Robert M Knapp | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，47： | 9 |
| 3 | Variation among biomes in temproal dynamics of abovegroung primary production显示文摘 | Knapp A K Smith M D | 2001 | Nature2001，291，： | 1 |
| 4 | Hydrodynamic delivery 显示文摘 | AL-DOSARI M S KNAPP J E LIU D | 2005 | Adv Genet2005，54，： | 1 |
| 5 | Variation among hiomes in temporal dynamics of ahoveground primary production显示文摘 | Knapp A K Smith M D | 2001 | Science2001，291，： | 1 |
| 6 | Digestion of biological materials using the microwave-assisted sample combustion technique 显示文摘 | Mesko M F Moraes D P Barin J S Dressler V L Knapp G Flores E M M | 2006 | Microchem Journal2006，82，： | 1 |
| 7 | Complete assignment of 1H and 13C-NMR data of pravastatin derivatives显示文摘 | Bacher M Banmann K Knapp H | 2009 | Magn Reson Chem2009，47，： | 1 |
| 8 | Lipoteicho- ic acid - induced lung in flammation depends on TLR2 and the concerted action of TLR4 and the platelet - activating factor receptor 显示文摘 | Knapp S yon Aulock S Leendertse M | 2008 | J Immunol2008，180，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Herbicide exposure and the risk of transitional cell carcrnoma of the urinary bladder in Scottish Terriers 显示文摘 | Glickman LT Raghavan M Knapp DW | 2004 | J Am Vet Med Assoc2004，，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Differences in photosynthetic activity,chlorophyll and carotenoids levels and in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in green sun and shade leaves of Ginkgo and Fagus显示文摘 | Sarijeva G Knapp M Lichtenthaler HK | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | High in vitro antimicrobial activity of beta-peptoid-peptide hybrid oligomers against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis显示文摘 | Liu Y Knapp K M Yang L | 2013 | International journal of antimicrobial agents2013，，： | 1 |
| 12 | The fine structure obliquely striated body wall muscles in the earthworm,Lumbricus terrestris显示文摘 | Knapp M F | 1970 | Journal of Cell Science1970，，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Extraction of rutin from buck-wheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moeneh)seeds and deter-ruination by capillary electrophoresis显示文摘 | Kreft S Knapp M Kreft I | 1999 | Journal of agricul-turai and food chemistry1999，47，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Application of microwave induced combustion in closed vessels for carbon black-containing elastomers decomposition 显示文摘 | Moraes D P Mesko M F Mello P A Paniz J N G Dressler V L Knapp G Flores E M M | 2007 | Spectrochim Acta : Part B2007，62，： | 1 |
| 15 | Modulation of di- versity by grazing and mowing in native tall-grass prairie显示文摘 | Collins S L Knapp A K Briggs J M | 1998 | Science1998，280，5364： | 1 |
| 16 | Synthesis and structure of a copper sulfate/kinked organo di- imine coordination显示文摘 | Warren R Knapp Ronald M Supkowski Robert L LaDuca | 2008 | Inorg Chem Commun2008，11，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhiziumanisopliae to the tobacco spider Mite Tetranychus evansi显示文摘 | WEKESA V W MANIANIA NK KNAPP M | 2005 | Exp Appl Acarol2005，36，： | 1 |
| 18 | Unfolding of the cold shock protein studied with biased molecular dynamics 显示文摘 | Morra G Hodoscek M Knapp EW | 2003 | Proteins2003，53，： | 1 |
| 19 | The fine structure obliquely striated body wall muscles in the earthworm,Lumbricus terrestri 显示文摘 | Knapp M F | 1970 | Journal of Cell Science1970，，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Size of the local species pool determines invisibility of a C4-dominated grassland 显示文摘 | SMITH M D KNAPP A K | 2001 | Oikos2001，92，： | 1 |
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