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| 1 | Crystal Structure of the MH2 domain of Drosophila Mad显示文摘The decapentaplegic(Dpp),a member of the TGF-β superfamily,plays a pivotal role in the control of proliferation,global patterning and induction of specific cell fates during Drosophila development.Mother against Dpp(Mad) is the founding member of the conserved Smad protein family which spe-cifically transduces the intracellular TGF-β signaling cascade.Here we report the 2.80 structure of the MH2 domain of Mad(Mad-MH2) that was readily superposed to the mammal Smad-MH2 structures.This unphosphorylated Mad-MH2 forms a symmetric homotrimer in crystals,consistent with the result of the size-exclusion chromatography that Mad-MH2 exhibited a propensity for concentration-dependent oligomerization prior to phosphorylation.Structural analysis revealed that the formation of homotrimeric Mad-MH2 is mainly mediated by contacts involving the extreme C-terminal SSVS motif,and is strengthened by phosphorylation of the last two Ser residues which was confirmed by the gel filtration analysis of the pseudophosphorylated Mad-MH2(DVD).Intriguingly,the homotrimer within an asymmetric unit only possesses two ordered C-terminal tails,reminiscent of the arrangement of the R-Smad/Smad4 complexes,indicating that the subunit with a flexible SSXS motif would be readily replaced by Co-Smad to form a functional heterotrimer. | WANG Chong,CHEN Lei,WANG Le & WU JiaWei MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics,Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，6： | 5 |
| 2 | Rapid cold hardening process of insects and its ecologically adaptive significance显示文摘In contrast to overwintering cold hardening, a rapid cold hardening process has recently been described in insects. This process can rapidly enhance cold tolerance of insects in several hours or even minutes. The characteristics of rapid cold hardening include inducing conditions, cold hardening effects, and fitness costs. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of rapid cold hardening include rapid changes in the phospholipid composition and the increase in hemolymph osmolalities, polyols production, proline and cold-induced proteins. Moreover, there are different views about the ecologically adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening in insects. This paper reviews research results about rapid cold hardening of insects since 1987, focusing on forms of cold injury, strategies of cold tolerance, and definitions, characteristics, physiological and biochemical mechanisms and adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening. | WANG Xianhui, QI Xianlei and RANG Le(State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，9： | 5 |
| 3 | Intramolecular aromatic-ring stacking interaction of ternary Zn(UTP)L^(2-) complexes显示文摘THE mechanism of the action of the classic platinum antitumor drugs can be interpreted accord-ing to their bidentate, bifunctional interaction with the DNA of the tumor cell, resulting in in-hibition of the DNA replication. Recently, it was found that a new class of compounds withthe general formula cis-[Pt(NH3)2(N-het)Cl]Cl(N-het is a heteroaromatic N-base like pyri-dine) show effective antitumor activities. However, two possible mechanisms of action | LE Xueyi, WU Fuhai, SONG Fenyun and Jl Liangnian1.Department of Chemistry, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Department of Hygienics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical School, Guangzhou 510224, China | 1997 | Chinese Science Bulletin1997，42，14： | 4 |
| 4 | Regulation of Propylene and 1-Methylcyclopropene on Expressions of ACS and ACO Genes in Persimmon Fruits显示文摘The regulation of postharvest treatment with propylene and 1-MCP on ethylene release rate and expressions of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) genes in Fuping Janshi persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit were investigated. Fruits were treated with propylene and 1-MCP, then stored at 20°C, ethylene release rate of the treated fruits was measured at regular intervals and RNA was extracted for Northern blotting analysis. The results suggested that treatment with propylene accelerated the expressions of ACS and ACO genes and then enhanced the ethylene biosynthesis, while treatment with 1-MCP inhibited the expressions of two genes and their ethylene biosynthesis. Furthermore, different effects on expressions caused by treatments with propylene and 1-MCP existed in various fruit tissues, the inhibitory effect on ACS and ACO genes by 1-MCP was the strongest in pericarp, followed by pulp and core tissues, in the area near fruit stalk, the inhibitory effect was the weakest. While the enhanced effect on ACS and ACO genes by propylene increased from pulp, core, and pericarp to the area near fruit stalk. Expression of each member of ACS and ACO families in various tissues was also completely different, in control and propylene treatment, DKACS3 gene just expressed in the area near fruit stalk and did not express in other tissues, but DKACS2 gene expressed in four tissues by treatment with propylene. | LIU Le, RAO Jing-ping, CHANG Xiao-xiao and YI Shun-chao College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural and Forest University/Key Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Plants Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, P.R.China | 2009 | Agricultural Sciences in China2009，8，10： | 3 |
| 5 | Deep Desulfurization via Adsorption by Silver Modified Bentonite显示文摘In order to further reduce the sulfur content in liquid hydrocarbon fuels,a desulfurization process by adsorption for removing alkyl dibenzothiophenes was investigated.Desulfurization of model gasoline by bentonite adsorbents loaded with silver nitrate was studied.The test results indicated that the bentonite adsorbents loaded with Ag + ions were effective for adsorbing the alkyl dibenzothiophenes.The crystal structure of bentonite adsorbents was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their acidity was measured by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.Several factors influencing the desulfurization capability,including the Ag + loading,the baking temperature,as well as the reaction temperature,were investigated.The desulfurization efficiency was enhanced by increasing the Ag + loading and the best result was obtained at a silver loading of 7 m%.It was found that the adsorption capacity of the alkyl dibenzothiophenes on bentonite loaded with Ag + ions increased with a decreasing temperature.Baking of the adsorbent could also improve the desulfurization capacity,and the optimum baking temperature was 423 K. | Tang Xiaolin Le Zheting Shi Li (State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237) | 2011 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2011，13，3： | 3 |
| 6 | Characteristics for the hybrid cell Foaz obtained from the protoplast fusion between yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in soybean processing wastewater显示文摘CharacteristicsforthehybridcelFoazobtainedfromtheprotoplastfusionbetwenyeastandphotosyntheticbacteriainsoybeanprocesingwastew... | Cheng Shu pei**, Cui Yi binThe State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Dai Le mei The Center of Analysis and Measurement, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China | 1998 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1998，10，3： | 2 |
| 7 | C.elegans as a model system for Parkinson disease显示文摘Parkinson disease(PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although investigation in mammalian animal models of PD has enhanced our understanding of PD, the complexity of the mammalian nervous system and our inability to visualize DA neurons in vivo restricts the advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of PD. Conservation between C. elegans and mammals in genomic, biosynthetic and metabolic pathways as well as the advantages of observing DA neurons morphology in vivo and the ease of transgenic and genetic manipulation make C. elegans an excellent model organism for PD. | Pu PU,Wei-Dong LE State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Institute of Health Sciences,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200031,China | 2006 | Neuroscience Bulletin2006，22，2： | 2 |
| 8 | Solar release time of solar energetic particles and associated acceleration source in corona显示文摘Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are accelerated in corona at an early phase of solar energetic particle events (SEPE). The acceleration mechanism of SEPs in corona can only be inferred from an analysis of multi-band observational data, as the observation of SEPs is usually made around 1AU. In this context, people have investigated spectrums, charge state, solar release time (SRT), and multi-band data of SEPEs, in an attempt to judge the acceleration mechanism of SEPs. The SRT computation of SEPs is an important and commonly used approach to study the acceleration mechanism of SEPs in corona. This paper reviews some important findings concerning the SRT computation of SEPs, and analyzes different merits of each approach for such calculation, based on a range of SEPE case studies. This paper also analyzes and discusses both possible and actual acceleration mechanisms of a number of SEPEs, by calculating the SRT of the SEPEs. Finally, the paper summarizes the possible problems in studying an acceleration mechanism of SEPEs inferred from the SRT of SEP. | LE GuiMing1,2,3,4, TANG YuHua1 & HAN YanBen4 1 Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2 Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China 3 National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China 4 National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，2： | 2 |
| 9 | A comparative analysis on two solar proton events显示文摘This paper presents a comparative analysis on the two Solar Proton Events (SPE), which occurred on 14 July 2000 (Bastille Day) and 28 October 2003 (28OCT03) respectively. It is found that although the peak flux of the latter seemed to be greater than that of the former based on geostationary observations, the maximum intensities of the energetic protons (>10 MeV and 30 MeV) during the Bastille Day event were all higher than those of the 28OCT03 event according to the interplanetary observations. Further analysis indicated that the quantity of the seed particles, which could be accelerated to the energies exceeding 10 and 30 MeV by the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)-driven shock on 14 July 2000, was far larger than that of the 28OCT03 event. In the Bastille Day case, when the CME approached to the height around 14 R⊙, the CME-driven shock would reach its maximum capacity in accelerating the solar en- ergetic protons (>100 MeV). In contrast, on 28 October 2003, when CME approached to the height about 58R⊙, the CME-driven shock reached its highest potential in accelerating the solar energetic protons of the same category. At this moment, the peak flux (>100 MeV) was about 155 pfu, which was much lower than 355 pfu measured on 14 July 2000. This demonstrated that in the Bastille Day event, the quantity of the seed particles, which could be accelerated to the energy beyond 100 MeV, was significantly larger than its counterpart in the 28OCT03 case. Therefore, the peak flux of an SPE event depends not only on the interplanetary intensity of the solar energetic particles, but also on the velocity of the associated CME-driven shock, and the quantity of the seed particles as well as on the interplanetary magnetic en- vironment. This paper also reveals that the magnetic sheath associated with ICME on 28 October 2003 captured a large number of solar energetic protons, including those having energy greater than 100 MeV. | LE GuiMing1,2,3,4, HAN YanBen2 & ZHANG YiJun3 1 Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China 2 National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China 3 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China 4 National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Pregnancy stimulated growth of vascular smooth muscle cells: importance of protein kinase C-dependent synergy between estrogen and platelet-derived growth factors显示文摘 | Keyes LE Moore LG Walchak S J | 1996 | J Cell Physiul1996，166，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Use of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein measurements to monitor feeding of premature infeants显示文摘 | Swith WJ Underwood LE Keyes L | 1997 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab1997，82，： | 1 |
| 12 | An analysis of interplanetary sources of geomagnetic storm during November 7-8, 1998显示文摘We analyzed the properties of the solar wind appeared during November 7–8, 1998. Results show that the spaceship ACE spotted a shock (hereinafter referred to as the first shock) at 07:33 UT, November 7. The sheath appeared from the first shock to 22:00 UT November 7. A magnetic cloud-like (MCL) was observed during the period from 22:00 UT November 7 to 11:50 UT, November 8. Another shock was observed at 04:19 UT, November 8 (the second shock). It is apparent that the second shock has entered the rear part of the MCL (MCL_2), though the former part of the MCL (MCL_1) was not affected by the second shock. The main phase of the geomagnetic storm is split into three steps for the convenience of SYM-H index analysis. Step 1 covers the period from the sudden storm commence (SSC) at 08:15 UT, November 7 to the moment of 22:44 UT, November 7. Step 2 starts from 22:44 UT, November 7 and ends at 04:51 UT, November 8. The last step runs from 04:51 UT, November 8 to 06:21 UT, November 8. Step 2 has played a key role in the main development phase of the geomagnetic storm. Analysis of the solar wind properties associated with the main phase shows that the three steps in the main phase have sheath, MCL_1, and MCL_2 as their respective interplanetary source. Specifically, the sheath is covered by the solar wind data from 07:33 UT to 22:00 UT, November 7, MCL1 by the solar wind data from 22:00 UT, November 7 to 04:19 UT November 8, and MCL_2 by the solar wind data from 04:19 UT to 05:57 UT, November 8. MCL_1 had a strong and long lasting so UTh directed magnetic field, allowing it to play a key role in the development of the main phase. MCL_2 made a much smaller contribution to the main development phase, compared with MCL_1. | LE GuiMing1,2,3, TANG YuHua1, ZHENG Liang5 & LIU LianGuang4 1 Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2 National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China 3 Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration (LRCVES/CMA), Beijing 100081, China 4 North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China 5 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Ginkgo biloba does - and does not - prevent acute mountain sickness 显示文摘 | Leadbetter G Keyes LE Maakestad KM | 2009 | Wilderness Environ Med2009，20，： | 1 |
| 14 | Ginkgo biloba for prevention of acute mountain sinkness: does it work? 显示文摘 | van Patot MC Keyes LE Leadbetter G | 2009 | High Air Med Biol2009，10，： | 1 |
| 15 | Greater free plasma VEGF and lower soluble VEGF receptor-1 in acute mountain sickness显示文摘 | Tissot van Patot MC Leadbetter G Keyes LE | 2005 | J Appl Physiol2005，98，5： | 1 |
| 16 | LFEC and LFEVC of AZ80 magnesium alloy显示文摘The effects of a low frequency electromagnetic field and a low frequency electromagnetic vibration field applied during DC casting of AZ80 Mg on microstructures and alloying element distribution in ingots were investigated.The experiments were performed both in absence and in the presence of the magnetic fields.In DC casting,the ingot exhibited coarse microstructure and severe segregation of Al.In the presence of solo low frequency alternating magnetic field,namely LFEC,the grains of the ingot was effectively refined and the segregation of Al was significantly decreased.In LFEVC,namely low frequency electromagnetic vibration casting,the ingot were significantly refined and the segregation was suppressed.With increasing the vibration intensities,the grain refinement and segregation suppression were increased. | LE Qichi,CUI Jianzhong,ZHANG Zhiqiang,and GUO Shijie Key Laboratory of EPM,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004,China | 2007 | Rare Metals2007，26，S1： | 1 |
| 17 | Intrauterine growth restric- tion,preeclampsia, and intrauterine mortality at high altitude in Bolivia显示文摘 | Keyes LE Annaza JF Niermeyer S | 2003 | Pediatr Res2003，54，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Pregnancy stimulated growth of vascular smooth muscle cells: Importance of protein kinase C- dependent synergy between estrogen and platelet-derived growth factors 显示文摘 | Keyes LE Moore LG Walchak SJ | 1996 | J Cell Physiol1996，166，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Ultrasound-guided bra- chial and basilic vein cannulation in emergency department patients with difficult intravenous access显示文摘 | Keyes LE Frazee BW Snoey ER | 1999 | Ann Emerg Med1999，34，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Ginkgo biloba for prevention of acute mountain sickness: Does it work显示文摘 | van Patot MC Keyes LE Leadbetter G | 2009 | High Alt Med Biol2009，10，1： | 1 |
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