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| 1 | Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification显示文摘Living gymnosperms comprise four major groups:cycads,Ginkgo,conifers,and gnetophytes.Relationships among/within these lineages have not been fully resolved.Next generation sequencing has made available a large number of sequences,including both plastomes and single-copy nuclear genes,for reconstruction of solid phylogenetic trees.Recent advances in gymnosperm phylogenomic studies have updated our knowledge of gymnosperm systematics.Here,we review major advances of gymnosperm phylogeny over the past 10 years and propose an updated classification of extant gymnosperms.This new classification includes three classes(Cycadopsida,Ginkgoopsida,and Pinopsida),five subclasses(Cycadidae,Ginkgoidae,Cupressidae,Pinidae,and Gnetidae),eight orders(Cycadales,Ginkgoales,Araucariales,Cupressales,Pinales,Ephedrales,Gnetales,and Welwitschiales),13 families,and 86 genera.We also described six new tribes including Acmopyleae Y.Yang,Austrocedreae Y.Yang,Chamaecyparideae Y.Yang,Microcachrydeae Y.Yang,Papuacedreae Y.Yang,and Prumnopityeae Y.Yang,and made 27 new combinations in the genus Sabina. | Yong Yang David Kay Ferguson Bing Liu Kang-Shan Mao Lian-Ming Gao Shou-Zhou Zhang Tao Wan Keith Rushforth Zhi-Xiang Zhang | 2022 | Plant Diversity2022，44，4： | 10 |
| 2 | Polyploidy in Cupressaceae:Discovery of a new naturally occurring tetraploid,Xanthocyparis vietnamensis显示文摘While polyploidy(whole-genome multiplication)is generally considered rare in extant gymnosperms(with the exception of Ephedra,Ephedraceae),the occurrence of sporadic polyploid individuals belonging to various genera in the conifer family Cupressaceae has been reported in the literature.In addition,recent studies have revealed that polyploidy is not uncommon in the genus Juniperus(Cupressaceae),with tetraploid and hexaploid individuals reported in individuals collected from wild populations.Given these findings,we undertook a comprehensive screening of ploidy levels in 32 species belonging to the four genera that are phylogenetically closest to Juniperus(i.e.,Callitropsis,Hesperocyparis,Xanthocyparis,and Cupressus),referred to as the CaHXCu complex.In addition,we also determined the ploidy level of two accessions in the poorly studied tetraploid,Fitzroya cupressoides.Using flow cytometry together with published chromosome counts to assign ploidy levels,we show that all species of the CaHXCu complex are diploid except Xanthocyparis vietnamensis,which is tetraploid,with a genome size of 44.60 pg/2 C.This study opens up new opportunities for studying the impact and consequences of polyploidy on the evolution and adaptation of species in Cupressaceae. | Perla Farhat Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev Oriane Hidalgo Keith Rushforth Jim ABartel Nicolas Valentin Ilia J.Leitch Robert P.Adams | 2022 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2022，60，4： | 0 |
| 3 | Rediscovery of the lost little dogwood Cornus wardiana(Cornaceae)—Its phylogenetic and morphological distinction and implication in the origin of the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction显示文摘The dwarf dogwoods(subgenus Arctocrania)have been widely known to consist of three circumboreal species Cornus suecica,Cornus canadensis,and Cornus unalaschkensis.A fourth putative species was discovered from the northern Myanmar in 1937,but it had never been formally reported on.Here,we formally report the species on the basis of phylogenetic and morphological evidence and name it Cornus wardiana Rushforth&Wahisteen(sp.nov.).we conducted phylogenetic and morphometric analyses to determine its evolutionary relationship and differentiation from the existing relatives.We dated the phylogeny using molecular data and conducted a biogeographic analysis to gain insights into the evolution and biogeography of the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction.The phylogenetic analysis used sequences of the nrITS and plastid matK and rbcl genes and included all four dwarf dogwoods and 20 other species representing the three other major lineages of Cornus and the outgroup.The morphometric analyses included 60 populations and 102 specimens of dwarf dogwood,representing the entire range of the subgenus.The results showed that C.wardiana diverged first within subgenus Arctocrania in the Miocene,from a wide-spread ancestor.Results from principal component analysis and discriminant analysis also showed that the Myanmar samples are well separated from the others.Taken together,these results suggest that the dwarf dogwood lineage split from the big-bracted dogwoods in Asia or Asia-western North Amerlca during the late Paleocene and spread wldely to form a Eurasia-North America dilstribution;the Arctic-Sino-Himalayan disjunction was the result of southward migration in the Miocene followed by extinction in the intervening highland areas. | Eric Wahlsteen Wenbin Zhou Qiuyun(Jenny)Xiang Keith Rushforth | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，2： | 0 |
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