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| 1 | 虚拟货币及其扩展:初步思考显示文摘随着信息加密和网络计算机技术日趋成熟,科技正在推动全球经济的转型变革。虚拟货币的产生在此过程中又显得至关重要。虚拟货币方案在许多情况下便于对等网络交互绕过传统的中央结算所。虚拟货币及其关联技术(特别是基于区块链的分布式账本)正在迅速发展,其未来前景难以预测。虚拟货币带来了许多潜在益处,包括更快速、高效的支付和转账等,并将最终促进普惠金融。一些虚拟货币方案背后的分布式账本技术提供的潜在益处将远超虚拟货币本身。但是,虚拟货币的出现也引发了许多潜在风险,如成为洗钱、恐怖融资、偷税漏税和欺诈等犯罪的工具。虚拟货币虽然目前的规模仍非常有限,对现阶段货币政策实施产生的风险亦甚微,但随着新技术的广泛应用,其对金融稳定产生的影响会日益显现。有关虚拟货币的有效监管对策还处于起步阶段。虚拟货币的在国家层面跨越了不同机构的职责,并在全球范围内操作,其监管难度很大。并且,许多虚拟货币在传统金融系统之外运作,缺乏透明度,其操作过程更难以被监管。各国监管机构已开始着手应对这些挑战且方式各异。需要注意的是,国家主管部门需认真权衡监管方式,既要适当处置风险又不能扼杀创新。为了在国家层面推进发展进程和促进政策的完善,国际层面也应进行更多努力。随着经验的不断积累,可考虑提出国际标准和最优方法,为不同领域的最优监管对策提供指导,从而促进跨辖区的协调。也可在此类标准基础上,为一些领域设立跨国合作和协调的框架。 | 何东 卡尔·哈伯梅尔 罗斯·莱科 郭建伟 郇志坚 Vikram Haksar Yasmin Almeida Mikari Kashima Nadim Kyriakos-Saad Hiroko Oura Tahsin Saadi Sedik Natalia Stetsenko Concepcion Verdugo.Yepes | 2016 | 金融监管研究2016，，4： | 22 |
| 2 | Site effects by generalized inversion technique using strong motion recordings of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake显示文摘The generalized inversion of S-wave amplitude spectra from the free-field strong motion recordings of the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System (NSMONS) are used to evaluate the site effects in the Wenchuan area. In this regard, a total of 602 recordings from 96 aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake with magnitudes of M3.7-M6.5 were selected as a dataset. These recordings were obtained from 28 stations at a hypocenter distance ranging from 30 km to 150 km. The inversion results have been verified as reliable by comparing the site response at station 62WUD using the Generalized Inversion Technique (GIT) and the Standard Spectral Ratio method (SSR). For all 28 stations, the site predominant frequency Fp and the average site amplification in different frequency bands of 1.0-5.0Hz, 5.0-10.0Hz and 1.0-10.0 Hz have been calculated based on the inversion results. Compared with the results from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method, it shows that the HVSR method can reasonably estimate the site predominant frequency but underestimates the site amplification. The linear fitting between the average site amplification for each frequency band and the Vs20 (the average uppermost-20 m shear wave velocity) shows good correlation. A distance measurement called the asperity distance DAspt is proposed to reasonably characterize the source-to-site distance for large earthquakes. Finally, the inversed site response is used to identify the soil nonlinearity in the main shock and aftershocks of Wenchuan earthquake. In ten of the 28 stations analyzed in the main shock, the soil behaved nonlinearly, where the ground motion level is apparently beyond a threshold of PGA > 300cm/s2 or PGV > 20cm/s, and only one station coded 51SFB has evidence of soil nonlinear behavior in the aftershocks. | Ren Yefei Wen Ruizhi Hiroaki Yamanaka Toshihide Kashima | 2013 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2013，12，2： | 20 |
| 3 | Expression of the tumor suppressor gene maspin and its significance in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas显示文摘BACKGROUND: Maspin is a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors and is thought to inhibit carcinoma invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and induce apoptosis. We examined maspin expression immunohistochemically and assessed its significance in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas. METHODS: We examined 39 surgically resected specimens of IPMN that included 17 adenomas (IPMAs), 5 borderline tumors (IPMBs), 4 non-invasive carcinomas (non-invasive IPMCs), and 13 invasive carcinomas (invasive IPMCs). Immunostaining was performed according to the EnVision ChemMate method. The degree of maspin expression was scored and assessed according to the percentage and staining intensity of positive cells. RESULTS: Maspin expression was minimal in normal pancreatic duct epithelium, whereas in IPMNs, maspin was expressed in neoplasms of all stages. Maspin expression increased with increasing grade from IPMAs, IPMBs, to non-invasive IPMCs but decreased significantly in invasive IPMCs. No specific association between maspin expression and mucin type was found. Analysis of maspin expression with respect to clinicopathologic factors in cases of invasive IPMC revealed a greater extent of invasion in cases of low maspin expression and significantly fewer apoptotic cells in the tumor.CONCLUSIONS: Maspin was expressed at high levels in IPMNs at various stages from adenoma to invasive carcinoma, and our results suggest that maspin may be involved in the occurrence and progression of IPMN. In addition, our data suggest that the apoptosis-inducing action of maspin suppresses invasion and progression of IPMN. | Kyoko Kashima Nobuyuki Ohike Seishiro Mukai Masashi Sato Manabu Takahashi Toshio Morohoshi | 2008 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2008，7，1： | 9 |
| 4 | 系列再生法:实验模拟文化动态(英文)显示文摘系列再生法是一种用来探讨文化动态中的社会心理过程之实验方法。所谓文化动态是指文化如何形成、维持,以及如何随着时间而变化。此方法特别有利于以下研究:文化讯息是如何透过社会网络被传播、什么类型的文化讯息较可能透过社会网络被传播,以及文化讯息由一个人传到另一个人的过程中,是如何转化的。本文概述了系列再生实验方法的优点及缺点,讨论此方法的理论架构,并举例展诉如何有系统地应用此法,做有关文化刻板印象的研究。最后,本文讨论未来的研究方向,如文化动态的潜在文化差异,以及文化动态与社会网络之间的互动过程。 | Yoshihisa Kashima Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung | 2010 | 心理学报2010，42，1： | 6 |
| 5 | Efficacy and adverse events of cold vs hot polypectomy: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To compare previously reported randomized controlled studies(RCTs) of cold and hot polypectomy, we systematically reviewed and clarify the utility of cold polypectomy over hot with respect to efficacy and adverse events.METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the predominance of cold and hot polypectomy for removing colon polyps. Published articles and abstracts from worldwide conferences were searched using the keywords 'cold polypectomy'. RCTs that compared either or both the effects or adverse events of cold polypectomy with those of hot polypectomy were collected. The patients' demographics, endoscopic procedures, No. of examined lesions, lesion size, macroscopic and histologic findings, rates of incomplete resection, bleeding amount, perforation, and length of procedure were extracted from each study. A forest plot analysis was used to verify the relative strength of the effects and adverse events of each procedure. A funnel plot was generated to assess the possibility of publication bias.RESULTS: Ultimately, six RCTs were selected. No significant differences were noted in the average lesion size(less than 10 mm) between the cold and hot polypectomy groups in each study. Further, the rates of complete resection and adverse events, including delayed bleeding, did not differ markedly between cold and hot polypectomy. The average procedural time in the cold polypectomy group was significantly shorter than in the hot polypectomy group.CONCLUSION: Cold polypectomy is a time-saving procedure for removing small polyps with markedly similar curability and safety to hot polypectomy. | Mikihiro Fujiya Hiroki Sato Nobuhiro Ueno Aki Sakatani Kazuyuki Tanaka Tatsuya Dokoshi Shugo Fujibayashi Yoshiki Nomura Shin Kashima Takuma Gotoh Junpei Sasajima Kentaro Moriichi Jiro Watari Yutaka Kohgo | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，23： | 3 |
| 6 | The role of TGF-β superfamily signaling in neurological disorders显示文摘发信号的 TGF- 总科在 embryogenesis 期间并且在成年织物动态平衡涉及许多生物过程。TGF- 总科因此表明的 transduces 导致的发信号的小径的有缺点的规定很多疾病,例如癌症和心血管、新陈代谢、尿、肠、骨胳、有免疫力的疾病。在最近的年里,很多研究阐明了 TGF-s 和 BMP 的必要角色在在适当神经分布和 neuronal 活动的维护的 neuronal 开发期间。新前进含有在神经病学的混乱的致病发信号的异常 TGF- 总科的重要角色。在这评论,我们编含有的很多份报告在致病表明小径的 TGF-/BMP 的解除管制认知并且在动物模型和病人的 neurodegenerative 混乱。我们预先道歉评论达不到提供 TGF-/BMP 发信号或位于神经病学的混乱的致病下面的机制的角色的细节。这篇文章的目标是关于在表明小径和 neuronal 织物动态平衡和开发的 TGF-/BMP 之间的协会在我们的知识揭示差距并且与一个潜力便于研究由 modulating 为神经病学的疾病开发新治疗小径。 | Risa Kashima Akiko Hata | 2018 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2018，50，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Gastric submucosa-invasive carcinoma associated with EpsteinBarr virus and endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report显示文摘BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-associated carcinoma is a gastric cancer subtype with a morphology characterized by gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma(GCLS).Clinicopathological studies have indicated a better prognosis for GCLS than for common gastric carcinomas.Some previous cases of early gastric cancer associated with EBV had been diagnosed by endoscopic resection.CASE SUMMARY We present two GCLS cases subjected to endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for a definitive diagnosis.A protruded gastric lesion was identified by routine endoscopic examination,but forceps biopsy showed no atypical cells before ESD.The resected specimen showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with lymphoid cells involving the mucosa and submucosa.The final diagnosis was submucosa-invasive poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma.Accordingly,additional gastrectomy was recommended to obtain a complete cure.One patient underwent additional distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection,but the other was refused because of cardiovascular complications.Both patients remained in remission for more than half a year.EBV positivity was determined by EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization.We also conducted a literature review of cases of early gastric cancer associated with EBV that had been diagnosed by ESD.CONCLUSION Submucosa-invasive GCLS could be dissected using ESD,and EBV positivity should be subsequently assessed to determine whether or not any additional curative surgery is required.Further prospective investigations on the prevalence of lymph node metastasis in EBV-associated carcinoma should be performed to expand the indications for endoscopic resection. | Yu Kobayashi Takehito Kunogi Hiroki Tanabe Yuki Murakami Takuya Iwama Takahiro Sasaki Keitaro Takahashi Katsuyoshi Ando Yoshiki Nomura Nobuhiro Ueno Shin Kashima Kentaro Moriichi Hidehiro Takei Mikihiro Fujiya Toshikatsu Okumura | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2019，11，10： | 2 |
| 8 | Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue exhibiting characteristic fluorine-18 deoxyglucose accumulation on positron emission tomography–computed tomography: A case report显示文摘BACKGROUND Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)is a cytokine produced in inflammatory environments that induces differentiation and proliferation of neutrophils in bone marrow.We report a rare case of aggressive G-CSFproducing squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue exhibiting fluorine-18 deoxyglucose(FDG)accumulation in primary lesion,metastatic lymph nodes,spleen,and bone marrow on positron emission tomography–computed tomography(PET/CT).CASE SUMMARY We report a 58-year-old female with a rapid enlarged lingual mass with partial necrosis.Blood test results from the initial examination revealed a leukocyte count of 21380/μL.On PET/CT,extensive FDG accumulation was observed in the tongue and bilateral cervical lymph nodes,with elevated FDG accumulation in the spleen and bone marrow although no distant metastases were observed.We performed partial glossectomy and bilateral neck dissection.Immunohistochemical staining with G-CSF antibodies on biopsy specimen and resected samples revealed that both specimens were G-CSF positive.This is a rare case of G-CSF producing tongue carcinoma with elevated FDG accumulation in the spleen and bone marrow.CONCLUSION In patients with the tongue cancer and hyperleukocytosis,where FDG accumulations in the spleen and bone marrow are observed using PET/CT and when these accumulations are not caused by metastasis,G-CSF-producing tumors,with associated poor prognosis,should be considered. | Hiroaki Shimamoto Yuka Hirota Yoshihisa Kashima Naoya Kinoshita Misaki Yokokawa Tohru Ikeda Hiroyuki Harada | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2020，8，9： | 2 |
| 9 | Identification of monoclonal insulin autoantibodies in insulin autoimmune syndrome associated with HLA - DRB1 * 0401 显示文摘 | Mizuide M Kashima K | 2000 | Horm Res2000，54，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Modulation at acellular level of the thyroid hormone receptor-mediated gene expressionby1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD),4,4′-d-iiodobiphenyl(DIB),and nitrofen(NIP)显示文摘 | YAMADA-OKABE T SAKAIH KASHIMA Y | 2005 | Toxicology Letters2005，155，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Amounts of formaldehyde in tap water and commercially available mineral water显示文摘 | Hirayama T Kashima A Watanabe T | 1993 | Food hygienic society of japan1993，34，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Factors influencing aterial oxygenation early after bidirectional cavopulmonary shunts without additional source of pulmonary blood flow显示文摘 | Aeba lR Katogi T Kashima I | 2000 | J Tborac Cardinvasc Surg2000，120，： | 1 |
| 13 | Expression of bovine cytokines in Escherichia coli显示文摘 | Kashima T Morichita A Iwata H | 1999 | J Vet Med Sei1999，61，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Expression of bovine cytokines in Escherichia coli显示文摘 | Kashima T Morichita A Iwata H | 1999 | J Vet Med Sci1999，61，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Development andapplication of the DPLEX shield method:Results ofexperiments using shield and segment models andapplication of the method in tunnel construction显示文摘 | Kashima Y Kondo N Inoue M | 1996 | Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology1996，11，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Immunohistochemical de- tection of histone deacetylases in endometrial carcinoma: involve- ment of histone deacetylase 2 in the proli feration of endometrial car- cinoma cells显示文摘 | Fakhry H Miyamoto T Kashima H | 2010 | Hum Pathol2010，41，6： | 1 |
| 17 | How are stereotypes maintained through communication? The influence of stereotype sharedness显示文摘 | Lyons A Kashima Y | | 0，，85： | 1 |
| 18 | Rapid progressionof aortic regurgitation with thoracic aortic aneurysm due to Takaya-su arteritis associated with ulcerative colitis 显示文摘 | Kashima K Kawasaki D Yotsumoto G | 2010 | Intern Med2010，49，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Myxoid adrenal cortical adenoma显示文摘 | Honda K Kashima K Daa T | 2001 | Pathol Int2001，51，11： | 1 |
| 20 | Metabolism of warfarin enantiomers in Japanese patients with heart disease having differern CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes显示文摘 | Takahashi H Kashima T | 1998 | Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics1998，63，3： | 1 |
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