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| 1 | 骨科创伤患者深静脉血栓危险因素的研究显示文摘目的研究骨科创伤患者深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的发生率,探讨骨科创伤患者DVT发生的危险因素。方法以2003年11月至2004年10月天津医院收治的新鲜四肢及骨盆骨折患者为研究对象,通过对不同年龄组患者的骨折类型、受伤机制、肿胀程度、既往DVT病史、手术及治疗方法等资料进行统计,并以3次彩色超声多普勒检查为诊断依据。需要手术的患者入院24h内进行第1次静脉多普勒检查,第2次和第3次检查分别在术前2d及术后7d;非手术患者3次检查分别在入院后24h、第5及14天。将需要分析的数据输入临床报告系统数据库1.1版,进行统计学分析及DVT发生率的流行病学分析。结果统计的547例患者中,平均年龄为39.6岁,DVT发生率为12.4%。以股骨干骨折DVT发生率为最高达30.6%,其次为髋部骨折15.7%,膝关节周围骨折14.5%,胫腓骨骨折10.8%。3个部位以上的多部位骨折患者DVT发生率为50%,单部位骨折患者DVT的发生率低于10%。超过半数的DVT(56.7%)发生于受伤3d之内。随着年龄增加DVT发生的风险也随之增大,年龄超过60岁患者的发病风险为184%。吸烟患者发生DVT的危险几乎是非吸烟患者的2倍。结论DVT在骨科创伤患者中具有一定的发生率,其年龄、病史、骨折部位、多发骨折及受伤距手术时间等均与DVT发生相关,须引起骨科临床医生的足够重视,并采取预防措施以降低肺栓塞的发生。 | 陆芸 马宝通 郭若霖 张建国 吴英华 庞贵根 辛景义 叶伟胜 邹玉安 王毅 董强 王学谦 Kerry H Paul C John F | 2007 | 中华骨科杂志2007，27，9： | 244 |
| 2 | 美国退伍军人事务部/国防部成人脑卒中康复治疗管理临床实践指南(执行简写版)显示文摘背景专家委员会制定的卒中康复指南应用于退伍军人健康管理部门及国防部卫生保健系统。方法根据以前发表的指南,委员会利用美国预防服务特别工作组制定的标准,评价了截至到2002年发表的文献。指南根据临床随机化实验、非对照性研究等证据提出建议(如缺乏确定的数据则根据专家组的建议)。结果Ⅰ级水平的建议包括:在多学科康复环境中或卒中单元中传递卒中治疗,通过NI HSS对卒中患者进行评价,早期启动康复治疗,对吞咽困难患者进行吞咽功能筛查,积极进行二级预防,预防深静脉血栓等。推荐应用标准化的评价工具制定适合每个患者的全面的治疗计划。强烈建议进行抗抑郁及情感波动方面的治疗。语言治疗师应评价患者的交流及认知障碍,并在需要时提供治疗。患者、家属及护理者是康复小组的重要成员,应当介入康复的全部疗程。这些建议在以下网站可查询:http://gffzz5f80cf956d2d4616hfncvunf5cuw969cw.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/cgi/content/full/36/9/e100。并附有每项建议的全文证据表。结论这些建议应平等地应用于所有临床环境中的所有卒中康复患者,而不是仅针对联邦医疗系统的临床问题或资源。 | Barbara Bates John Y. Choi Pamela W. Duncan Jonathan J. Glasberg Glenn D. Graham Richard C. Katz Kerri Lamberty Dean Reker Richard Zorowitz 杨雅琴(译) 王拥军(译) | 2006 | 中国康复理论与实践2006，12，1： | 19 |
| 3 | Antigen presentation by dendritic cells and their instruction of CD4+ T helper cell responses显示文摘Dendritic cells are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are essential for the priming of T cell responses.In addition to providing T-cell-receptor ligands and co-stimulatory molecules for naive T cell activation and expansion,dendritic cells are thought to also provide signals for the differentiation of CD4+T cells into effector T cell populations.The mechanisms by which dendritic cells are able to adapt and respond to the great variety of infectious stimuli they are confronted with,and prime an appropriate CD4+T cell response,are only partly understood.It is known that in the steady-state dendritic cells are highly heterogenous both in phenotype and transcriptional profile,and that this variability is dependent on developmental lineage,maturation stage,and the tissue environment in which dendritic cells are located.Exposure to infectious agents interfaces with this pre-existing heterogeneity by providing ligands for pattern-recognition and toll-like receptors that are variably expressed on different dendritic cell subsets,and elicit production of cytokines and chemokines to support innate cell activation and drive T cell differentiation.Here we review current information on dendritic cell biology,their heterogeneity,and the properties of different dendritic cell subsets.We then consider the signals required for the development of different types of Th immune responses,and the cellular and molecular evidence implicating different subsets of dendritic cells in providing such signals.We outline how dendritic cell subsets tailor their response according to the infectious agent,and how such transcriptional plasticity enables them to drive different types of immune responses. | Kerry L.Hilligan Franca Ronchese | 2020 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2020，17，6： | 19 |
| 4 | 学龄前儿童体力活动研究的10大问题显示文摘本文目的是回顾与3~5岁儿童体力活动有关的重要研究问题。本文将从三个主要研究领域进行分析:健康效果、体力活动模式、干预和政策。研究的主要问题包括:确定体力活动的健康效果,确定体力活动对保持健康体重的影响,探明体力活动对学习和行为习惯的影响,以及静坐行为对健康的影响。与体力活动模式相关的研究问题包括3~5岁儿童满足现有体力活动推荐量的情况;影响体力活动的社会和环境因素,包括家庭、幼儿园、社区环境;体力活动如何对学龄儿童期、青少年时期和成年以后产生影响。关于干预和政策方面的研究问题包括确定在家庭、保育机构、社区环境最有效的促进体力活动的干预策略,以及不同幼儿适用的干预方案;确定有效的干预手段和宣传策略;制定有效的能够增加幼儿体力活动水平的国家、州、地方和机构的政策。总之,全面了解体力活动对3~5岁儿童健康的影响,以便于掌握该群体的体力活动特点,探索如何促进幼儿的体力活动。 | Russell R.Pate Jennifer R.O'Neill William H.Brown Kerry L.McIver Erin K.Howie Marsha Dowda | 2015 | 北京体育大学学报2015，38，6： | 19 |
| 5 | 不速之客:林业外来有害生物(英文)显示文摘结合与中美两国林业有关的重要外来入侵性病虫害实例 ,包括板栗疫病、荷兰榆树病、松材线虫、光肩星天牛、红脂大小蠹和舞毒蛾等 ,对外来有害生物的危害严重程度、发生途径和控制对策进行了讨论 ,提出了入侵种监测、评估、科学研究。 | Kerry O.BRITTON 孙江华 | 2002 | 昆虫学报2002，45，1： | 18 |
| 6 | Shifting equilibriums in Alzheimer’s disease: the complex roles of microglia in neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and neurogenesis显示文摘Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia.Its increased prevalence in developed countries,due to the sharp rise in ageing populations,presents one of the costliest challenges to modern medicine.In order to find disease-modifying therapies to confront this challenge,a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is necessary.Recent studies have revealed increasing evidence for the roles played by microglia,the resident innate immune system cells of the brain.Reflecting the well-established roles of microglia in reacting to pathogens and inflammatory stimuli,there is now a growing literature describing both protective and detrimental effects for individual cytokines and chemokines produced by microglia in Alzheimer's disease.A smaller but increasing number of studies have also addressed the divergent roles played by microglial neurotrophic and neurogenic factors,and how their perturbation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Here we review recent findings on the roles played by microglia in neuroinflammation,neuronal survival and neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.In each case,landmark studies have provided evidence for the divergent ways in which microglia can either promote neuronal function and survival,or perturb neuronal function,leading to cell death.In many cases,the secreted molecules of microglia can lead to divergent effects depending on the magnitude and context of microglial activation.This suggests that microglial functions must be maintained in a fine equilibrium,in order to support healthy neuronal function,and that the cellular microenvironment in the Alzheimer's disease brain disrupts this fine balance,leading to neurodegeneration.Thus,an understanding of microglial homeostasis,both in health and across the trajectory of the disease state,will improve our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease,and will hopefully lead to the development of microglial-based therapeutic strategies to restore equilibrium in the Alzheimer's disease brain. | Sophie C. Gray Kerri J. Kinghorn Nathaniel S. Woodling | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，7： | 13 |
| 7 | 抗菌药物策略性更换对医院耐药模式的影响显示文摘目的肯塔基大学医院为减少第三代头孢菌素头孢噻肟和头孢他啶的应用以第四代头孢菌素头孢吡肟进行策略性换药,并对其进行了评价。方法对换药前及换药后各6个月的抗生素应用及细菌耐药性进行回顾性研究。研究包括所有住院患者发生的耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)、耐头孢他啶肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、耐哌拉西林铜绿假单胞菌(PRPA)及耐头孢他啶铜绿假单胞菌(CRPA)感染。结果头孢他啶用量自其9600g减少至99g,头孢噻肟用量自6314g减少至732g,两者总用量共减少89%。头孢吡肟用量自0g增加至5396g。耐头孢他啶肺炎克雷伯菌感染自13%降低至3%,耐哌拉西林铜绿假单胞菌感染自22%降低至14%,耐头孢他啶铜绿假单胞菌感染自25%降低至15%(p值均小于0.05)。MRSA感染降低不明显,而VRE感染显著增多。结论以头孢吡肟替代头孢他啶或头孢噻肟,在减少头孢菌素用量的同时似可降低耐头孢他啶肺炎克雷伯菌、耐哌拉西林铜绿假单胞菌和耐头孢他啶铜绿假单胞菌感染的发生率。 | Kerry ME 李光辉 张秀珍 | 2003 | 临床药物治疗杂志2003，1，2： | 13 |
| 8 | 儿茶素对鸡肉的抗氧化保鲜作用显示文摘通过在肉鸡饲料中添加一定量的儿茶素 ,来研究体内儿茶素对鸡肉的抗氧化保鲜作用效果。体内儿茶素明显提高了鸡肉的氧化稳定性能 ,具有延长保鲜期的潜力 ,鸡腿肉的效果比鸡胸肉的效果更加明显 ,鸡肉的氧化稳定性能随着儿茶素添加量的增多而改善 ,儿茶素 3 0 0mg/kg的抗氧化作用效果与VE2 0 0mg/kg的相近。结果表明 ,儿茶素可以代替VE 作为肉鸡饲料中的抗氧化添加剂 。 | 唐书泽 张志森 汪勇 吴建中 Joseph Kerry Joe Buckley | 2004 | 食品与发酵工业2004，30，4： | 12 |
| 9 | 湖沼沉积——过去变化的信息库显示文摘地球系统的变迁历史储存在形形色色的信息库中,但是,这些信息库恰如一场洪水后的图书馆,计算机索引不见了,教科书冲跑了,所能见到的文献亦残缺不全了。在这个劫后废墟上,我们一开始所能找到的只是一大堆百科全书和文献,阅读这些材料显然是十分冗长乏味的。只有通过极为细致的搜寻,才能偶尔见到少量保存完好的珍品。 | Kerry Kelts 丁仲礼 | 1992 | 第四纪研究1992，12，2： | 12 |
| 10 | Effects of intermittent fasting on health markers in those with type 2 diabetes:A pilot study显示文摘AIM To determine the short-term biochemical effects and clinical tolerability of intermittent fasting(IF) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS We describe a three-phase observational study(baseline 2 wk, intervention 2 wk, follow-up 2 wk) designed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and tolerability of IF in community-dwelling volunteer adults with T2DM. Biochemical, anthropometric, and physical activity measurements(using the Yale Physical Activity Survey) were taken at the end of each phase. Participants reported morning, afternoon and evening self-monitored blood glucose(SMBG) and fasting duration on a daily basis throughout all study stages, in addition to completing a remote food photography diary three times within each study phase. Fasting blood samples were collected on the final days of each study phase. RESULTS At baseline, the ten participants had a confirmed diagnosis of T2DM and were all taking metformin, and on average were obese [mean body mass index(BMI) 36.90 kg/m^2]. We report here that a short-term periodof IF in a small group of individuals with T2DM led to significant group decreases in weight(-1.395 kg, P = 0.009), BMI(-0.517, P = 0.013), and at-target morning glucose(SMBG). Although not a study requirement, all participants preferentially chose eating hours starting in the midafternoon. There was a significant increase(P < 0.001) in daily hours fasted in the IF phase(+5.22 h), although few attained the 18-20 h fasting goal(mean 16.82 ± 1.18). The increased fasting duration improved at-goal(< 7.0 mmol/L) morning SMBG to 34.1%, from a baseline of 13.8%. Ordinal Logistic Regression models revealed a positive relationship between the increase in hours fasted and fasting glucose reaching target values(χ~2 likelihood ratio = 8.36, P = 0.004) but not for afternoon or evening SMBG(all P > 0.1). Postprandial SMBGs were also improved during the IF phase, with 60.5% readings below 9.05 mmol/L, compared to 52.6% at baseline, and with less glucose variation. Neither insulin resistance(HOMAIR), nor inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein) normalized during the IF phase. IF led to an overall spontaneous decrease in caloric intake as measured by food photography(Remote Food Photography Method). The data demonstrated discernable trends during IF for lower energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake when compared to baseline. Physical activity, collected by a standardized measurement tool(Yale Physical Activity Survey), increased during the intervention phase and subsequently decreased in the follow-up phase. IF was well tolerated in the majority of individuals with 6/10 participants stating they would continue with the IF regimen after the completion of the study, in a full or modified capacity(i.e., every other day or reduced fasting hours).CONCLUSION The results from this pilot study indicate that shortterm daily IF may be a safe, tolerable, dietary intervention in T2DM patients that may improve key outcomes including body weight, fasting glucose and postprandial variability. These findings should be viewed as exploratory, and a larger, longer study is necessary to corroborate these findings. | Terra G Arnason Matthew W Bowen Kerry D Mansell | 2017 | World Journal of Diabetes2017，8，4： | 7 |
| 11 | Implications of discoveries from genome-wide association studies in current cardiovascular practice显示文摘Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have identified several genetic variants associated with coronary heart disease(CHD),and variations in plasma lipoproteins and blood pressure(BP).Loci corresponding to CDKN2A/CDKN2B/ANRIL,MTHFD1L,CELSR2,PSRC1 and SORT1 genes have been associated with CHD,and TMEM57,DOCK7,CELSR2,APOB,ABCG5,HMGCR,TRIB1,FADS2/S3,LDLR,NCAN and TOMM40-APOE with total cholesterol.Similarly,CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1,PCSK9,APOB,HMGCR,NCAN-CILP2-PBX4,LDLR,TOMM40-APOE,and APOC1-APOE are associated with variations in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.Altogether,forty,forty three and twenty loci have been associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides and BP phenotypes,respectively.Some of these identified loci are common for all the traits,some do not map to functional genes,and some are located in genes that encode for proteins not previously known to be involved in the biological pathway of the trait.GWAS have been successful at identifying new and unexpected genetic loci common to diseases and traits,thus rapidly providing key novel insights into disease biology.Since genotype information is fixed,with minimum biological variability,it is useful in early life risk prediction.However,these variants explain only a small proportion of the observed variance of these traits.Therefore,the utility of genetic determinants in assessing risk at later stages of life has limited immediate clinical impact.The future application of genetic screening will be in identifying risk groups early in life to direct targeted preventive measures. | Panniyammakal Jeemon Kerry Pettigrew Christopher Sainsbury Dorairaj Prabhakaran Sandosh Padmanabhan | 2011 | World Journal of Cardiology2011，3，7： | 6 |
| 12 | How complex is the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, South Island, New Zealand?显示文摘A powerful earthquake of moment magnitude(Mw)7.8occurred in the Kaikoura region,South Island,New Zealand,at00:02:56 AM(local time),14 November 2016.According to the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences(GNS)in New Zealand, | Xuhua Shi Yu Wang Jing Liu-Zeng Ray Weldon Shengji Wei Teng Wang Kerry Sieh | 2017 | Science Bulletin2017，62，5： | 6 |
| 13 | Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease显示文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the second commonest indication for liver transplantation after viral hepatitis in the United States and Europe.Controversies surround the indications and allocation of scarce and expensive resource for this so called self inflicted disease.Controversies stem from the apprehension that alcoholic recipients are likely to relapse and cause damage to the graft.There is a need to select those candidates with lower risk for relapse with the available predictive factors and scores.Substance abuse specialist and psychiatrists are mandatory in the pre-transplant evaluation and in the post-transplant follow-up.There is conflicting evidence to support a fixed period of pretransplant abstinence,although most units do follow this.Alcoholic hepatitis(AH) continues to be a contraindication for transplantation,however there is a need for further research in this f ield as a subset of patients with AH who do not respond to medical treatment,have high early mortality and could benefit from transplantation.One year,3-year,and 5-year survival post-transplant is similar for both ALD and non-ALD recipients.The incidence of post-transplant rejection and retransplantation is also similar to other recipients.ALD with viral hepatitis especially hepatitis C virus leads to a more aggressive liver disease with early presentation for transplantation.ALD patients are more prone to develop de-novo malignancy;this is attributed to the long term effect of alcohol,tobacco combined with immunosuppression.Post-transplant surveillance is important to detect early relapse to alcoholism,presence of de-novo malignancy and treat the same adequately. | Vibha Varma Kerry Webb Darius F Mirza | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，35： | 6 |
| 14 | 纺织品数字印花新兴技术显示文摘所谓纺织品数字印花其实就是指纺织品喷墨印花。单从字面意义上来看,这种技术似乎并不复杂。但实际上,“面料”和“纺织品”这两个概念却包含了相当宽泛的内容,包括面料所使用的纤维种类、织物的组织结构以及所需要的前处理工序等等。从颜色的角度来看,上述所有要素都要求印花系统必须能高度集成硬件、软件、墨水化学以及各种辅助设备,从而保证织物的前处理和后整理各道工序顺利进行。 | Kerry Maguire King 丁龙 | 2009 | 纺织导报2009，，10： | 6 |
| 15 | A tale of worldwide success:Behind the scenes of Carex(Cyperaceae)biogeography and diversification显示文摘The megadiverse genus Carex(c.2000 species,Cyperaceae)has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution,displaying an inverted latitudinal richness gradient with higher species diversity in cold-temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere.Despite great expansion in our knowledge of the phylogenetic history of the genus and many molecular studies focusing on the biogeography of particular groups during the last few decades,a global analysis of Carex biogeography and diversification is still lacking.For this purpose,we built the hitherto most comprehensive Carex-dated phylogeny based on three markers(ETS-ITS-matK),using a previous phylogenomic Hyb-Seq framework,and a sampling of two-thirds of its species and all recognized sections.Ancestral area reconstaiction,biogeographic stochastic mapping,and diversification rate analyses were conducted to elucidate macroevolutionary biogeographic and diversification patterns.Our results reveal that Carex originated in the late Eocene in E Asia,where it probably remained until the synchronous diversification of its main subgeneric lineages during the late Oligocene.E Asia is supported as the cradle of Carex diversification,as well as a< | Santiago Martin-Bravo Pedro Jimenez-Mejias Tamara Villaverde Marcial Escudero Marlene Hahn Daniel Spalink Eric H.Roalson Andrew L.Hipp the Global Carex Group Carmen Benitez-Benitez Leo P.Bruederle Elisabeth Fitzek Bruce A.Ford Kerry A.Ford Mira Gamer Sebastian Gebauer Matthias H.Hoffmann Xiao-Feng Jin Isabel Larridon Etienne Ldveilld-Bourret Yi-Fei Lu Modesto Luceno Enrique Maguilla Jose Ignacio Marquez-Corro Monica Miguez Robert Naczi Anton A.Reznicek Julian R.Starr | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，6： | 6 |
| 16 | Endoscopic balloon catheter dilatation via retrograde or static technique is safe and effective for cricopharyngeal dysfunction显示文摘AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of upper esophageal sphincter(UES) dilatation for cricopharyngeal(CP) dysfunction. To determine if:(1) indication for dilatation; or(2) technique of dilatation correlated with symptom improvement.METHODS All balloon dilatations performed at our institution from over a 3-year period were retrospectively analyzed for demographics, indication and dilatation site. All dilatations involving the UES underwent further review to determine efficacy, complications, and factors that predict success. Dilatation technique was separated into static(stationary balloon distention) and retrograde(brusque pull-back of a fully distended balloon across the UES).RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-eight dilatations were reviewed. Thirty-one patients were identified who underwent UES dilatation. Median age was 63 years(range 27-81)and 55% of patients were male. Indications included dysphagia(28 patients), globus sensation with evidence of UES dysfunction(2 patients) and obstruction to echocardiography probe with cricopharyngeal(CP)bar(1 patient). There was evidence of concurrent oropharyngeal dysfunction in 16 patients(52%) and a small Zenker's diverticula(≤ 2 cm) in 7 patients(23%). Dilator size ranged from 15 mm to 20 mm. Of the 31 patients, 11 had dilatation of other esophageal segments concurrently with UES dilatation and 20 had UES dilatation alone.Follow-up was available for 24 patients for a median of 2.5 mo(interquartile range 1-10 mo), of whom 19 reported symptomatic improvement(79%). For patients undergoing UES dilatation alone, follow-up was available for 15 patients, 12 of whom reported improvement(80%).Nineteen patients underwent retrograde dilatation(84%response) while 5 patients had static dilatation(60%response); however, there was no significant difference in symptom improvement between the techniques(P = 0.5).Successful symptom resolution was also not significantly affected by dilator size, oropharyngeal dysfunction,Zenker's diverticulum, age or gender(P > 0.05). The only complication noted was uvular edema and a shallow ulcer after static dilatation in one patient, which resolved spontaneously and did not require hospital admission.CONCLUSION UES dilatation with a through-the-scope balloon by either static or retrograde technique is safe and effective for the treatment of dysphagia due to CP dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating retrograde balloon dilatation of the UES. | Vinay Chandrasekhara Joyce Koh Lakshmi Lattimer Kerry B Dunbar William J Ravich John O Clarke | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2017，9，4： | 6 |
| 17 | 美国医学遗传学会对基因芯片拷贝数变异结果解读指南显示文摘全基因组芯片已被推荐作为分析智力障碍、孤独症、多发性出生缺陷病因的首要筛查手段,通过芯片检查发现了人类基因组中大量的拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV),这些变异中既有正常个体的多态性,也有新发的致病性变异。为帮助临床实验室对芯片结果的解读保持一致性,美国医学遗传学会制定了此有关CNV的解读指南。该指南主要应用于产后的分子遗传诊断中。 | Hutton M.Kearney Erik C.Thorl Kerry K.Brown Fabiola Quintero-Rivera Sarah T.South 吴畏 刘嘉茵 | 2014 | 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志2014，33，3： | 6 |
| 18 | Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA Mutants Implicate GAUT Genes in the Biosynthesis of Pectin and Xylan in Cell Walls and Seed Testa显示文摘Galacturonosyltransferase 1 (GAUT1 ) 是从 uridine 5-diphosphogalacturonic 酸转移 galacturonic 酸到果胶的多糖 homogalacturonan 上的 1,4-D-galacturonosyltransferase (斯特林等, 2006 ) 。25 成员 Arabidopsis thaliana GAUT1 相关的基因家庭编码 15 GAUT 和 10 象 GAUT 一样(GATL ) 蛋白质与,分别地 5684 和 4253% 氨基酸顺序类似到 GAUT1。AtGAUTs 的以前的种系发生的分析显示了三 clades:通过 C 的 A。Arabidopsis,白杨和米饭 GAUT 家庭的比较种系发生的分析有亚 classified GAUT 进七 clades:clade A-1 (GAUT 1 ~ 3 ) ;A-2 (GAUT4 ) ;A-3 (GAUT 5 和 6 ) ;A-4 (GAUT7 ) ;B-1 (GAUT 8 和 9 ) ;B-2 (GAUT 10 和 11 ) ;并且 clade C (GAUT 12 ~ 15 ) 。Arabidopsis GAUT 有比得上白杨 orthologs 的分布,与 GAUT2 的例外,它在白杨是不在的。然而,瑞斯没有 GAUT 的 orthologs 2 和 12 并且有 GAUT 的多重明显的 orthologs 1, 4,和 7 与 Arabidopsis 或白杨相比。为 15 Arabidopsis GAUT 基因中的 13 个的 26 同型结合的 T-DNA 插入异种的房间墙 glycosyl 残余作文显著地并且 reproducibly 在 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,和 14 从野类型的 Arabidopsis 的围的 gaut 异种的特定的纸巾揭示不同房间墙。果胶和木聚糖多糖被 GAUT 功能的损失影响,由改变的 galacturonic 酸示威了不同 gaut 异种的木糖, rhamnose,半乳糖,和 arabinose 作文围。墙 glycosyl 残余在 gaut 异种之中观察的组合显型建议在果胶或木聚糖的至少六个不同 biosynthetic 连接被损害在这些 GAUT 基因影响。证据也被介绍在种子粘液扩大并且在种子墙和粘液作文中为 GAUT11 支持一个角色。 | Kerry H. Caffall Sivakumar Pattathil Sarah E. Phillips Michael G. Hahn Debra Mohnen | 2009 | Molecular Plant2009，2，5： | 5 |
| 19 | Current cancer therapies and their influence on glucose control显示文摘This review focuses on the development of hyperglycemia arising from widely used cancer therapies spanning four drug classes.These groups of medications were selected due to their significant association with new onset hyperglycemia,or of potentially severe clinical consequences when present.These classes include glucocorticoids that are frequently used in addition to chemotherapy treatments,and the antimetabolite class of 5-fluorouracil-related drugs.Both of these classes have been in use in cancer therapy since the 1950s.Also considered are the phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)-inhibitors that provide cancer response advantages by disrupting cell growth,proliferation and survival signaling pathways,and have been in clinical use as early as 2007.The final class to be reviewed are the monoclonal antibodies selected to function as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).These were first used in 2011 for advanced melanoma and are rapidly becoming widely utilized in many solid tumors.For each drug class,the literature has been reviewed to answer relevant questions about these medications related specifically to the characteristics of the hyperglycemia that develops with use.The incidence of new glucose elevations in euglycemic individuals,as well as glycemic changes in those with established diabetes has been considered,as has the expected onset of hyperglycemia from their first use.This comparison emphasizes that some classes exhibit very immediate impacts on glucose levels,whereas other classes can have lengthy delays of up to 1 year.A comparison of the spectrum of severity of hyperglycemic consequences stresses that the appearance of diabetic ketoacidosis is rare for all classes except for the ICIs.There are distinct differences in the reversibility of glucose elevations after treatment is stopped,as the mTOR inhibitors and ICI classes have persistent hyperglycemia long term.These four highlighted drug categories differ in their underlying mechanisms driving hyperglycemia,with clinical presentations ranging from potent yet transient insulin resistant states[type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)-like]to rare permanent insulin-deficient causes of hyperglycemia.Knowledge of the relative incidence of new onset hyperglycemia and the underlying causes are critical to appreciate how and when to best screen and treat patients taking any of these cancer drug therapies. | Carly Yim Kerry Mansell Nassrein Hussein Terra Arnason | 2021 | World Journal of Diabetes2021，12，7： | 5 |
| 20 | 木结构施工课程教学方法探讨显示文摘在加拿大木业协会的帮助下,北京京北职业技术学院开展了木结构课程教学工作。介绍了木结构施工课程开设情况及其教学方法,对课程教学方法进行探索,提高学生的实践能力。 | 匡星 赵艳敏 Kerry Haggkvist 王红珊 | 2014 | 中国现代教育装备2014，，11： | 4 |
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