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| 1 | A multilocus molecular phylogeny for the avian genus Liocichla(Passeriformes:Leiothrichidae:Liocichla)显示文摘Background:Historically the babblers have been assigned to the family Timaliidae but several recent studies have attempted to rest the taxonomy of this diverse passerine assemblage on a more firm evolutionary footing.The result has been a major rearrangement of the group.A well?supported and comprehensive phylogeny for this widespread avian group is an important part of testing evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses,especially in Asia where the babblers are a key component of many forest ecosystems.However,the genus Liocichla is poorly represented in these prior studies of babbler systematics.Methods:We used a multilocus molecular genetic approach to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for all five cur?rently recognized species in the avian genus Liocichla.Multilocus DNA sequence data was used to construct individ?ual gene trees using maximum likelihood and species trees were estimated from gene trees using Bayesian analyses.Divergence dates were obtained using a molecular clock approach.Results:Molecular data estimate a probable window of time for the origin for the Liocichla from the mid to late Miocene,between 5.55 and 12.87 Ma.Despite plumage similarities between the insular Taiwan endemic,L.steerii,and the continental L.bugunorum and L.omeiensis,molecular data suggest that L.steerii is the sister taxon to all continen?tal Liocichla.The continental Liocichla are comprised of two lineages;a lineage containing L.omeiensis and L.bugunorum and a lineage comprised of L.phoenicea and L.ripponi.The comparatively early divergence of L.steerii within the Liocichla may be illusory due to extinct and therefore unsampled lineages.L.ripponi and L.phoenicea are parapatric with a Pleistocene split(0.07–1.88 Ma) occurring between an Eastern Himalayan L.phoenicea and a Northern Indo?china distributed L.ripponi.L.bugunorum and L.omeiensis underwent a similar split between the Eastern Himalaya(L.bugunorum) and Central China(L.omeiensis) divided by the Hengduan Mountains.Conclusions:This study supports an origin of the Liocichla occurring sometime prior to the Miocene–Pliocene boundary,a period of significant climatic upheaval in Asia.The biogeographical patterns within the Liocichla mirror those of other birds in the region and allude to common geological and climatic drivers of avian diversification in Asia. | Herman L Mays Bailey D Mc Kay Dieter Thomas Tietze Cheng-Te Yao Lindsey N Miller Kathleen N Moreland Fumin Lei | 2015 | Chinese Birds2015，，3： | 1 |
| 2 | Technology,Politics,and E-commerce:Internet Sales Tax and Interstate Cooperation显示文摘 | Kathleen Hale&Ramona Mc Neal | 2011 | Government Information Quarterly Volume 28 Issue 2 April 20112011，，： | 1 |
| 3 | Purification of transmem- brane proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for X-ray crystallography显示文摘 | Kathleen MC Nadia F Katrina R | 2010 | Protein Expr Purif2010，71，： | 1 |
| 4 | Simvastatin given for 3 days can inhibit thrombin generation and activation of factor V,and enhance factor Va inactivation in hypercholesterolemic patients显示文摘 | Undas A Lwenhoff MC Kathleen E | 2005 | Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2005，25，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of selenium supplementation on four agricultural crops显示文摘 | KATHLEEN MC MARIA TG W ROBERT FB | 2003 | Agric Food Chem2003，51，： | 1 |
| 6 | Efficacy of disul-firamand cognitive behavior therapy in cocaine-dependent outpatients:A randomized placebo-controlled trial显示文摘 | Kathleen MC Lisa RF Samuel AB | 2004 | Arch Gen Psychiatry2004，61，： | 1 |
| 7 | Efficacy of Disulfiram and Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Cocaine-Dependent Outpatients^Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial显示文摘 | Kathleen MC Lisa RF Samuel AB | 2004 | Arch Gen Psychiatry2004，61，： | 1 |
| 8 | Behavioral Therapies for Drug Abuse显示文摘 | Kathleen MC Lisa SO | 2005 | Am J Psychiatry2005，162，： | 1 |
| 9 | Effects of dietary calci-um intervention on adolescent mothers and newborns:a ran-domized controlled trial显示文摘 | Gary M Mc Elligott Kathleen | 2006 | Obstetrics&Gynecology2006，108，31： | 1 |
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