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| 1 | Double-stranded DNA in exosomes: a novel biomarker in cancer detection显示文摘 | Basant Kumar Thakur Haiying Zhang Annette Becker Irina Matei Yujie Huang Bruno Costa-Silva Yan Zheng Ayuko Hoshino Helene Brazier Jenny Xiang Caitlin Williams Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco Jose M Silva Weijia Zhang Stephen Hearn Olivier Elemento Navid Paknejad Katia Manova-Todorova Karl Welte Jacqueline Bromberg Hector Peinado David Lyden | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，6： | 98 |
| 2 | 中国饲料及饲料原料受霉菌毒素污染的调查报告显示文摘 | 王若军 苗朝华 张振雄 Nopphawan Sawatwiroj Karl Dawson 付双喜 冯定远 | 2003 | 饲料工业2003，24，7： | 159 |
| 3 | 冬小麦夏玉米农田土壤呼吸与碳平衡的研究显示文摘为探讨不同农作措施下的农田碳平衡规律,研究农田对大气CO2的“源”、“汇”特征,2000年至2003年连续测定了不同秸秆管理、灌溉和氮肥施用等种植措施下华北冬小麦、夏玉米生长季的土壤呼吸。结果表明,农田CO2释放主要受气温、土壤水分状况和有机物投入量等因素的影响。秸秆还田与优化灌溉增加了土壤呼吸的强度,不同农作措施间土壤呼吸的差异主要发生在冬小麦生长季。对农田碳平衡研究的计算结果显示,农田系统在常规种植措施下表现为大气CO2的“汇”。在传统农作措施下,华北冬小麦、夏玉米生长季植物碳净固定量(NPP)与土壤碳排放量(Rm)的比值分别为1.16、1.21。 | 黄斌 王敬国 龚元石 Karl Stahr 杨倩 | 2006 | 农业环境科学学报2006，25，1： | 48 |
| 4 | Recent research and developments on wrought magnesium alloys显示文摘Wrought magnesium alloys attract special interests as lightweight structural material due to their homogeneous microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties compared to as-cast alloys.In this contribution,recent research and developments on wrought magnesium alloys are reviewed from the viewpoint of the alloy design,focusing on Mg-Al,Mg-Zn and Mg-rare earth(RE)systems.The effects of different alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties are described considering their strengthening mechanisms,e.g.grain refinement,precipitation and texture hardening effect.Finally,the new alloy design and also the future research of wrought magnesium alloys to improve their mechanical properties are discussed. | Sihang You Yuanding Huang Karl Ulrich Kainer Norbert Hort | 2017 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2017，5，3： | 43 |
| 5 | 板液压成形及无模充液拉深技术显示文摘板液压成形技术是液压成形技术中重要的一类 ,广泛地应用于宇航、汽车等工业领域。近年来由于新材料和复杂几何形状零件的不断出现 ,更加突出此种技术的关键性。本文就板液压成形技术原理、数值模拟技术和分类进行了研究 ,探讨了此种技术将来的发展 ,介绍了基于板液压成形技术的无模充液拉深技术 ,利用实验和数值模拟技术对此技术进行了分析 ,验证了此项技术的可行性 。 | 朗利辉 Joachim Danckert Karl Brian Nielsen 张士宏 康达昌 | 2002 | 塑性工程学报2002，9，4： | 49 |
| 6 | 管件内高压成形及其在汽车工业中的应用现状显示文摘利用管件内高压成形技术成形的工件具有质量轻、刚度好、装配零件少、后续装配工序少等诸多优点 ,在国外该项技术已被广泛地运用到汽车、宇航领域中。介绍并探讨了管件内高压成形技术的原理、优点。 | 郎利辉 苑世剑 王仲仁 王小松 Joachim Danckert Karl Brian Nielsen | 2004 | 中国机械工程2004，15，3： | 35 |
| 7 | 先天性髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的外科治疗显示文摘目的 探讨Zweymuller型人工全髋关节假体置换治疗先天性髋臼发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎的有效性。 方法 应用Zweymuller型人工全髋关节假体 ,对 2 9例 32个先天性髋臼发育不良继发髋关节骨性关节炎患者行全髋关节置换 (THR)。患者全部为女性 ,单侧 2 6例 ,双侧 3例。Perner分型Ⅰ度 17例 ,19个髋 ,Ⅱ度 7例 ,7个髋 ,Ⅲ度 4例 ,5个髋 ,Ⅳ度 1例 ,1个髋。平均随访 2 7 5个月 ,术前Harris评分最高 5 9分 ,最低 2 5分 ,平均 44 5分。 结果 所有患者髋关节疼痛完全消失 ,关节活动度增加 ,Harris评分最高 97分 ,最低 6 3分 ,平均 85分。 结论 特殊设计的Zweymuller型人工全髋关节假体置换初期稳定 ,手术不需大块植骨和骨水泥 。 | 寇伯龙 Karl Perner 袁燕林 吕厚山 | 2001 | 中华外科杂志2001，39，8： | 29 |
| 8 | Global leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and their scaling exponent显示文摘Leaf nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentrations constrain photosynthetic and metabolic processes,growth and the productivity of plants. Their stoichiometry and scaling relationships regulate the allocation of N and P from subcellular to organism, and even ecosystem levels, and are crucial to the modelling of plant growth and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Prior work has revealed a general biogeographic pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships and shown that leaf N scales roughly as two-thirds the power of P. However, determining whether and how leaf N and P stoichiometries, especially their scaling exponents, change with functional groups and environmental conditions requires further verification. In this study, we compiled a global data set and documented the global leaf N and P concentrations and the N:P ratios by functional group, climate zone and continent. The global overall mean leaf N and P concentrations were 18.9 mg g^(-1) and 1.2 mg g^(-1), respectively, with significantly higher concentrations in herbaceous than woody plants(21.72 mg g^(-1) vs. 18.22 mg g^(-1) for N; and 1.64 mg g^(-1) vs. 1.10 mg g^(-1) for P). Both leaf N and P showed higher concentrations at high latitudes than low latitudes. Among six continents, Europe had the highest N and P concentrations(20.79 and 1.54 mg g^(-1)) and Oceania had the smallest values(10.01 and 0.46 mg g^(-1)). These numerical values may be used as a basis for the comparison of other individual studies. Further, we found that the scaling exponent varied significantly across different functional groups,latitudinal zones, ecoregions and sites. The exponents of herbaceous and woody plants were 0.659 and0.705, respectively, with significant latitudinal patterns decreasing from tropical to temperate to boreal zones. At sites with a sample size ≥10, the values fluctuated from 0.366 to 1.928, with an average of 0.841.Several factors including the intrinsic attributes of different life forms, P-related growth rates and relative nutrient availability of soils likely account for the inconstant exponents of leaf N vs. P scaling relationships. | Di Tian Zhengbing Yan Karl J.Niklas Wenxuan Han Jens Kattge Peter B.Reich Yongkai Luo Yahan Chen Zhiyao Tang Huifeng Hu Ian J.Wright Bernhard Schmid Jingyun Fang | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，5： | 24 |
| 9 | 不同供体细胞及其处理对猪核移植重构胚体外发育的影响显示文摘系统探讨了体细胞的组织来源及培养代数对猪核移植重构胚发育的影响。体外成熟培养40~44h的猪卵母细胞去核后,将经血清饥饿(0.5%FBS)培养2~9天、0.1mg/L Aphidicolin(APD)培养+0.5%FBS培养2~9天或一般培养法(10%FBS)培养的卵丘细胞、颗粒细胞、输卵管上皮细胞和耳皮成纤维细胞,直接注射到去核的卵母细胞质中,或注射到卵周隙中,再经电融合(100V/mm,30μs,电脉冲1次)构建重构胚.重构胚以钙离子载体A23817或电脉冲结合6.DMAP激活处理,体外培养6天。耳皮成纤维细胞和颗粒细胞经0.1mg/LAPD+0.5%FBS培养处理后的重组胚卵裂率,均高于血清饥饿和一般培养处理的同种供体细胞(P〈0.01)。卵丘细胞、颗粒细胞经0.1mg/LAPD+0.5%FBS处理后进行核移植的分裂率和发育率均高于输卵管上皮细胞和耳皮成纤维细胞(P〈0.05)。以猪颗粒细胞为核供体时,电融合法的重构胚分裂率显著高于胞质内注入法(P〈0.05),但囊胚发育率无显著差异(P〉0.05)。培养3代和6代的猪颗粒细胞以及培养6代和10代的耳皮成纤维细胞,其具有正常二倍染色体的细胞比例均无显著差异(P〉0.05);以这2种细胞不同培养代数做供体进行核移植时,各代之间核移胚的体外分裂率、囊胚发育率无显著差异(P〉0.05)。这些结果表明:(1)猪耳皮成纤维细胞和颗粒细胞经培养传代所建立起来的细胞系相对比较稳定;(2)0.1mg/LAPD预培养处理供体细胞能提高猪体细胞核移植的效果,血清饥饿培养则无明显效果;(3)猪颗粒细胞和耳皮成纤维细胞等均可做供核细胞,核移植后都能得到体细胞克隆的囊胚,但前者的效果略优于后者,且其核移植效果不受供核细胞培养代数的影响;(4)电融合核移植胚胎的发育率高于胞质内直接注入法,但两者的总体效率相近。 | 张德福 刘东 汤琳琳 王英 陈茵 王凯 王根林 KARL Schellander LIN Cailu | 2007 | 遗传2007，29，2： | 21 |
| 10 | Rare Earths and Magnetic Refrigeration显示文摘Magnetic refrigeration is a revolutionary, efficient, environmentally friendly cooling technology, which is on the threshold of commercialization. The magnetic rare earth materials are utilized as the magnetic refrigerants in most cooling devices, and for many cooling application the Nd2Fe 14 B permanent magnets are employed as the source of the magnetic field. The status of the near room temperature magnetic cooling was reviewed. | Karl A Gschneidner Vitalij K Pecharsky | 2006 | Journal of Rare Earths2006，24，6： | 20 |
| 11 | Role of multi-microalloying by rare earth elements in ductilization of magnesium alloys显示文摘The present work investigates the influences of microalloying with rare earths on the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys.The amount of each rare earth element is controlled below 0.4 wt.%in order not to increase the cost of alloy largely.The synergic effects from the multi-microalloying with rare earths on the mechanical properties are explored.The obtained results show that the as-cast magnesium alloys multi-microalloying with rare earths possesses a quite high ductility with a tensile strain up to 25-30%at room temperature.Moreover,these alloys exhibit much better corrosion resistance than AZ31 alloy.The preliminary in situ neutron diffractions on the deformation of these alloys indicate that the multi-microalloying with rare earths seems to be beneficial for the activation of more slip systems.The deformation becomes more homogeneous and the resultant textures after deformation are weakened. | Yuanding Huang Weimin Gan Karl Ulrich Kainer Norbert Hort | 2014 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2014，2，1： | 19 |
| 12 | 超(超)临界汽轮机汽缸紧固螺栓高温蠕变断裂研究显示文摘超(超)临界汽轮机汽缸以镍基超高温合金作为紧固件材料,螺栓蠕变损伤的研究对超(超)临界机组的安全运行及维修具有重要意义。对镍基合金Nimonic 80A进行了550℃不同应力下单轴及空心螺栓的蠕变实验,引入应变阈值,结合Norton-Bailey-Kachanov蠕变方程,改进了蠕变损伤模型,模型能更准确描述蠕变全过程;修改有限元软件ABAQUS子程序,模拟了空心螺栓的蠕变过程。结果表明,空心螺栓蠕变断裂并不是在应力集中的螺纹处,而是在螺杆处,有限元计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。 | 徐鸿 郑善合 MAILE Karl | 2007 | 中国电机工程学报2007，27，29： | 18 |
| 13 | Current position of ALPPS in the surgical landscape of CRLM treatment proposals显示文摘The Authors summarize problems,criticisms but also advantages and indications regarding the recent surgical proposal of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation(PVL)for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)for the surgical management of colorectal liver metastases.Looking at published data,the technique,when compared with other traditional and well established methods such as PVL/portal vein embolisation(PVE),seems to give real advantages in terms of volumetric gain of future liver remnant.However,major concerns are raised in the literature and some questions remain unanswered,preliminary experiences seem to be promising.The method has been adopted all over the world over the last 2 years,even if oncological long-term results remain unknown,and benefit for patients is questionable.No prospective studies comparing traditional methods(PVE,PVL or classical 2 staged hepatectomy)with ALPPS are available to date.Technical reinterpretations of the original method were also proposed in order to enhance feasability and increase safety of the technique.More data about morbidity and mortality are also expected.The real role of ALPPS is,to date,still to be established.Large clinical studies,even if,for ethical reasons,in well selected cohorts of patients,are expected to better define the indications for this new surgical strategy. | Marcello Donati Gregor A Stavrou Karl J Oldhafer | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，39： | 16 |
| 14 | Non-invasive diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease显示文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is the most common liver disease in the Western world.For many reasons,it isunderestimated and underdiagnosed.An early diagnosis is absolutely essential since it(1)helps to identify patients at genetic risk for ALD;(2)can trigger efficient abstinence namely in non-addicted patients;and(3)initiate screening programs to prevent life-threateningcomplications such as bleeding from varices,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or hepatocellular cancer.The two major end points of ALD are alcoholic liver cirrhosis and the rare and clinically-defined alcoholic hepatitis(AH).The prediction and early diagnosis of both entities is still insufficiently solved and usually relies on acombination of laboratory,clinical and imaging findings.It is not widely conceived that conventional screeningtools for ALD such as ultrasound imaging or routine laboratory testing can easily overlook ca.40%of manifest alcoholic liver cirrhosis.Non-invasive methods such as transient elastography(Fibroscan),acoustic radiation force impulse imaging or shear wave elastography have significantly improved the early diagnosis of alcoholiccirrhosis.Present algorithms allow either the exclusion or the exact definition of advanced fibrosis stages in ca.95%of patients.The correct interpretation of liver stiffness requires a timely abdominal ultrasound and actual transaminase levels.Other non-invasive methods such as controlled attenuation parameter,serum levels of M30 or M65,susceptometry or breath tests are under current evaluation to assess the degree of steatosis,apoptosis and iron overload in these patients.Liver biopsy still remains an important option to rule out comorbidities and to confirm the prognosis namely for patients with AH. | Sebastian Mueller Helmut Karl Seitz Vanessa Rausch | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，40： | 15 |
| 15 | H_2S燃料电池用质子传导膜及电池性能显示文摘研究了H2S燃料电池用的质子传导膜的制备及性能,考察了不同的Li2SO4与填充物Al2O3的匹配、微量元素B(H2BO3)的掺杂对膜及电池性能影响.研究了由H2S、(MoS2+NiS)/Li2SO4-Al2O3/pt、air构成的燃料电池在101.13kPa和600~700℃C时的电化学特性.在实验温度范围内,质子传导膜Li2SO4-Al2O3及整个电池系统在H2S气流下具有较好的化学稳定性.温度提高,质子传导膜的内阻减小,膜及电池性能变好.微量元素B的掺杂提高了膜的机械强度及膜的致密性,从而改善了电池的性能.在实验条件下,较适宜的B的掺杂量为2%~5%(质量百分数),较适宜的Li2SO4:Al2O3(质量比)为(3~5):1,电池最大输出电流密度和功率密度在700℃时分别达到200mA.cm-2和55mW.cm-2. | 钟理 张腾云 WEI Guoling Chuang Karl | 2004 | 高校化学工程学报2004，18，2： | 14 |
| 16 | 云计算环境下软件测试研究进展显示文摘云计算的出现给软件组织及软件架构设计带来巨大影响,这种新环境要求软件测试的方法、技术、工具也随之变化。对云计算环境下软件测试的主要研究内容进行梳理和归纳,讨论云计算软件测试的定义、特点、类型和研究范围,介绍目前学术界和产业界主要的云计算软件测试平台和项目,阐述云计算软件测试服务的相关研究工作。最后指出云计算环境下软件测试应深入研究的若干问题。 | 王伟军 姜毅 刘蕤 Karl Smolander | 2012 | 现代图书情报技术2012，，11： | 13 |
| 17 | 北部湾东北部2000年以来高分辨率粘土矿物记录及古环境意义显示文摘北部湾东北部GC19-28孔260BC^1480A.D.粘土矿物学的高分辨率(平均分辨率为15年)分析表明,该孔的粘土矿物主要由蒙脱石(50%~61%)组成,含中等含量的伊利石(13%~18%)、高岭石(13%~18%)和绿泥石(11%~16%),在该时间序列上蒙脱石与其他3种粘土矿物变化趋势基本相反。物源区分析显示,GC19-28孔粘土矿物中的蒙脱石主要由红河提供,伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石主要来源于珠江。该孔高岭石/蒙脱石比值可以反映华南珠江流域季风降雨变化,比值增加表明珠江流域降雨增强;反之亦然。研究结果发现,GC19-28孔的4种粘土矿物整体表现2个阶段性变化:1)260BC^1200A.D.,4种粘土矿物的相对含量基本保持不变,高岭石/蒙脱石比值同样保持不变;2)从1200~1480A.D.,蒙脱石相对含量逐渐降低,伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石相对含量逐渐增加,高岭石/蒙脱石比值开始增加。结合贵州董哥洞石笋、广东湖光岩、西沙东岛湖泊沉积物和西太平洋暖池区海表古温度等高分辨率地质记录,推断华南珠江流域由中世纪暖期向小冰期转换过程中,降雨逐渐增加。 | 周世文 刘志飞 赵玉龙 Karl Statteggert Martin G.Wiesner | 2014 | 第四纪研究2014，34，3： | 13 |
| 18 | 中国快速公交系统发展简评显示文摘过去6年中,中国有13个城市建设了长达350 km的快速公交(BRT)系统,发展速度超过了其他任何国家和地区。然而,无论是处于城市周边地区的BRT走廊,还是低需求量设计的中心地区走廊,这些BRT系统容量较小、客流需求处于中低水平。直到2010年2月广州市BRT开通后,这一情况才得以改变。从最早于1999年在昆明市实行的中央式公交专用车道开始,到2010年达到替代地铁水平的广州市BRT,阐述了BRT在中国的发展,指出其趋势为由固定线路运营向直达线路运营转变。最后,系统总结了中国各城市规划、建设和运营BRT系统的经验教训。 | Karl Fjellstrom | 2011 | 城市交通2011，9，4： | 12 |
| 19 | Super-resolution dipole orientation mapping via polarization demodulation显示文摘Fluorescence polarization microscopy(FPM)aims to detect the dipole orientation of fluorophores and to resolve structural information for labeled organelles via wide-field or confocal microscopy.Conventional FPM often suffers from the presence of a large number of molecules within the diffraction-limited volume,with averaged fluorescence polarization collected from a group of dipoles with different orientations.Here,we apply sparse deconvolution and least-squares estimation to fluorescence polarization modulation data and demonstrate a super-resolution dipole orientation mapping(SDOM)method that resolves the effective dipole orientation from a much smaller number of fluorescent molecules within a sub-diffraction focal area.We further apply this method to resolve structural details in both fixed and live cells.For the first time,we show that different borders of a dendritic spine neck exhibit a heterogeneous distribution of dipole orientation.Furthermore,we illustrate that the dipole is always perpendicular to the direction of actin filaments in mammalian kidney cells and radially distributed in the hourglass structure of the septin protein under specific labelling.The accuracy of the dipole orientation can be further mapped using the orientation uniform factor,which shows the superiority of SDOM compared with its wide-field counterpart as the number of molecules is decreased within the smaller focal area.Using the inherent feature of the orientation dipole,the SDOM technique,with its fast imaging speed(at sub-second scale),can be applied to a broad range of fluorescently labeled biological systems to simultaneously resolve the valuable dipole orientation information with super-resolution imaging. | Karl Zhanghao Long Chen Xu-San Yang Miao-Yan Wang Zhen-Li Jing Hong-Bin Han Michael Q Zhang Dayong Jin Jun-Tao Gao Peng Xi | 2016 | Light(Science & Applications)2016，5，1： | 11 |
| 20 | 油藏数值模拟自动历史拟合方法——以Nelson油田为例显示文摘针对北海中部Nelson油田,研究油藏数值模拟自动历史拟合方法。完整的油藏自动历史拟合工作流程包括选择要调整的油藏变量、选择参数调整方法、自动历史拟合、数据分析、组合最优结果得到最优的油藏模型集5个步骤。以净毛比、水平渗透率、垂直渗透率为调整参数,采用全局单变量法、区域多变量法、局部多变量法等3种油藏参数调整方法,并结合生产数据和时移地震数据,对Nelson油田进行自动历史拟合。结果表明,局部参数调整方法减少了模拟中模型的数目和计算时间,提高了模拟精度,使得油藏中油水产量拟合误差大大降低,在Nelson油田应用效果最好。全局单变量法适合于历史拟合参数相互独立的情况;对于井网密度大且井间关联性强、历史拟合参数相互影响的油藏,最好选用区域多变量法进行参数调整;对于油藏历史拟合参数相互影响但每个选定调整区域相互独立的油藏,局部多变量法更加适用。 | Kazemi Alireza Stephen Karl D | 2012 | 石油勘探与开发2012，39，3： | 10 |
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