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| 1 | Evidence for the involvement of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease显示文摘Many advances have been made in the understanding of Crohn’s disease (CD) pathogenesis during the last decade. CD is currently seen as a predominantly T-lym-phocyte-driven disease characterized by the presence of a complex cocktail of interacting cytokines, chemokines and other mediators produced by a variety of cell types. Prevailing theories of CD pathogenesis suggest that patients’ T-lymphocytes are inappropriately activated in the setting of an immune imbalance, which is itself caused by an unfortunate confluence of genetic and en- vironmental factors. The T-cell response then leads to the chronic inflammation characteristic for the disease. Various environmental factors may play a role in the development of CD, but microbes are most consistently implied. This theory is based on epidemiological, clinico- pathological, genetic and experimental evidence. Despite the abundance of arguments for the implication of bac-teria in the aetiopathogenesis of CD, the precise role of bacteria in this disease still remains elusive. Three not necessarily mutually exclusive theories have been pro- posed: (1) an unidentified persistent pathogen; (2) an abnormally permeable mucosal barrier leading to exces-sive bacterial translocation; and (3) a breakdown in the balance between putative 'protective' versus 'harmful' intestinal bacteria ('dysbiosis'). At present, one cannot exclude with certainty any of these three proposed hy-potheses; they may all apply to CD to a certain extent. | Gert De Hertogh Jeroen Aerssens Karen P Geboes Karel Geboes | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，6： | 11 |
| 2 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 3 | Multiple dimensions of cardiopulmonary dyspnea显示文摘背景呼吸困难感觉的当前的理论假定 dyspnea.However 的一个多维的概念,它在有心肺的呼吸困难的病人的有效性一直不是 investigated.Methods 合并呼吸不快,感情方面的方面,和行为的项目的感觉经验的自发地报导的描述符的一张呼吸症状清单与气喘予 396 个病人被以,长期的妨碍的肺的疾病( COPD ),弥漫的 parenchymal 肺疾病,肺的脉管的 | HAN Jiang-na XIONG Chang-ming YAO Wei FANG Qiu-hong ZHU Yuan-jue CHENG Xian-sheng Karel P Van de Woestijne | 2011 | Chinese Medical Journal2011，，20： | 2 |
| 4 | Decrease of C^1'1 property in vector optimization显示文摘 | DUSAN B KAREL P | | (In print)0，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Apoptotie and prolif- erative changes during induced atresia of pre-ovulatory follicles in the rat显示文摘 | Durlinges AL Kramer P Karels B | 2000 | Hum Reprod2000，15，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Climate ChangeDrives Microevolution in a Wild Bird显示文摘 | KARELL P AHOLA K KARSTINEN T | 2011 | Nature Communications2011，，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Preparation and biological activity of 6-benzylaminopurine derivatives in plants and human cancer cells显示文摘 | KAREL D IGOR P VLADIMIR K | 2006 | Bioorg Med Chem2006，14，3： | 1 |
| 8 | kinetics oflinoleate oxidation in model systems显示文摘 | Labuza T P H Tsuyuki M Karel | 1969 | JAOCS1969，46，8： | 1 |
| 9 | The use of permanent corrosion monitoring in new and existing reinforced concrete structures显示文摘 | John P Broomfield Kevin Davies Karel Hladky | 2002 | Cement and Concrete Composites2002，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Apoptotic and proliferative changes during induced atresia of pre-ovulatory follicles in the rat显示文摘 | Dudinges AL Kramer P Karels B | 2000 | Hum Reprod2000，15，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of glass transition on rates of nonenzymatic browning in food systems显示文摘 | KARMAS R BUERA M P KAREL M | 1992 | J Agric Food Chem1992，40，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Heat balance components and evapotranspiration from a sedge-grass marsh显示文摘 | Karel P?ibáň Josef P. Ondok | 1985 | Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica1985，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Apoptotic and proliferative than-ges during induced atresia of pre-ovulatory follicles in the rat 显示文摘 | Durlinger AL Kramer P Karels B | 2000 | Human reproduction ( Oxford England )2000，15，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Imple- menting wavelets in continuous-time analog circuits with dy- namic range optimization显示文摘 | KAREL J M H HADDAD S A P HISENI S | 2012 | IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems h Regular Papers2012，59，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Management of posterior segment foreign bodies and long-term results显示文摘 | Karel I Diblik P | 1995 | Eur J Ophthalmol1995，，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Effect of Glass Transition on Rates of Nonenzymatic Browning in Food System显示文摘 | Karmas E Buera M P Karel M | 1992 | Agric Food Chem1992，40，： | 1 |
| 17 | Color formation due to nonenzymatic browning in amorphous glassy anhydrous model systems 显示文摘 | SCHEBOR C BUERA M P KAREL M | 1999 | Food Chem1999，65，： | 1 |
| 18 | Water content and stability of low moisture and intermediate moisture foods显示文摘 | LABUZA T P TANNENBAUM S R KAREL M | 1970 | Food Technology1970，24，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Implementing wavelets in continuous-time analog circuits with dynamic range optimization 显示文摘 | KAREL J M H HADDAD S A P HISENI S | 2012 | IEEE Trans Circ Syst I: Regu Pap2012，59，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Effect of physical changes on the rates of nonenzymic browning and related reactions显示文摘 | BUERA M P KAREL M | 1995 | Food Chern1995，52，： | 1 |
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