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| 1 | Comparison of Snellen and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts using a computer simulation显示文摘AIM:To compare accuracy,reproducibility and test duration for the Snellen and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)charts,two main tools used to measure visual acuity(VA).·METHODS:A computer simulation was programmed to run multiple virtual patients,each with a unique set of assigned parameters,including VA,false-positive and false-negative error values.For each virtual patient,assigned VA was randomly chosen along a continuous scale spanning the range between 1.0 to 0.0 log MAR units(equivalent to 20/200 to 20/20).Each of 30 000virtual patients were run ten times on each of the two VA charts.·RESULTS:Average test duration(expressed as the total number of characters presented during the test±SD)was12.6±11.1 and 31.2±14.7 characters,for the Snellen and ETDRS,respectively.Accuracy,defined as the absolute difference(±SD)between the assigned VA and the measured VA,expressed in log MAR units,was superior in the ETDRS charts:0.12±0.14 and 0.08±0.08,for the Snellen and ETDRS charts,respectively.Reproducibility,expressed as test-retest variability,was superior in the ETDRS charts:0.23±0.17 and 0.11±0.09 log MAR units,for the Snellen and ETDRS charts,respectively.·CONCLUSION:A comparison of true(assigned)VA to measured VA,demonstrated,on average,better accuracy and reproducibility of the ETDRS chart,but at the penalty of significantly longer test duration.These differences were most pronounced in the low VA range.The reproducibility using a simulation approach is in line with reproducibility values found in several clinical studies. | Reuben R.Shamir Yael Friedman Leo Joskowicz Michael Mimouni Eytan Z.Blumenthal | 2016 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2016，9，1： | 5 |
| 2 | FRACAS: a system for computer-aided image-guided long bone fracture surgery 显示文摘 | JOSKOWICZ L MILGROM C SIMKIN A | 1998 | Computer Aided Surgery1998，3，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Gradient-based 2D/3D rigid registration of fluoroscopic X-ray to CT显示文摘 | Livyatan H Yaniv Z Joskowicz L | 2003 | IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging2003，22，11： | 1 |
| 4 | A CT-basedhigh-order finite element analysis of the human proximal fe-mur compared to in-vitro experiments显示文摘 | Yosibash Z Padan R Joskowicz L | 2007 | J BiomechEng2007，129，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Parametric kinematic tolerance analysis of planar mechanisms显示文摘 | SACKS E JOSKOWICZ L | 1997 | Computer-Aided Design1997，29，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Parametric kinematic tolerance analysis of general planar systems显示文摘 | SACKS E JOSKOWICZ L | 1998 | Computer-Aided Design1998，30，9： | 1 |
| 7 | A CT-based high-order finite element analysis of the human proximal femur compared to in-vitro experiments显示文摘 | Yosibash Z Padan R Joskowicz L | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 8 | A CT-based high-order finite element analysis of the human proximal femur compared to invitro experlments显示文摘 | Yosibash Z Padan R Joskowicz L | 2007 | J Biomech Eng2007，129，3： | 1 |
| 9 | curvelet-based patient-specific prior for accurate multi-modal brain image rigid registration显示文摘 | FREIMAN M WERMAN M JOSKOWICZ L A | 2011 | Medical Image Analysis2011，15，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Fracture: A System for Computer - Aided Image - Guide Long Bone Fracture Surgery 显示文摘 | Joskowicz L Milgrom C Simkin A | 1998 | Computer Aided Surgery1998，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | FRACAS: a system for com- puter-aided image-guided long bone fracture surgery 显示文摘 | Joskowicz L Milgrom C Simkin A | 1998 | Computer Ai- ded Surgery1998，3，6： | 1 |
| 12 | FRACTURE:A System for Computer--Aided Image-Guide Long Bone Fracture Surgery显示文摘 | JOSKOWICZ L MILGMM C SIMKIN A | 1998 | Computer Aidcd Surgery1998，，3： | 1 |
| 13 | A system for computer-aided image guided long bone fracture surgery显示文摘 | JOSKOWICZ L MILGROM C FRACAS M D | 1998 | Comp Aid Surg1998，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | A representation language for mechanical behavior显示文摘 | Joskowicz L Neville D | 1996 | Artificial Intelligence in Engineering1996，10，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Automated modeling and kinematics simulation of mechanism显示文摘 | Sacks E Joskowicz L | 1993 | Computer-aided Design1993，25，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Long bone panoramas from fluoroscopic X-ray images显示文摘 | Yaniv Z Joskowicz L | 2004 | IEEE Trans Med Imaging2004，23，1： | 1 |
| 17 | A representation language for mechanical behavior 显示文摘 | Joskowicz L Neville D | 1996 | Artificial Intelligence in Engineering (S0954-1810)1996，8，10： | 1 |
| 18 | A CT-based high-orderfinite element analysis of the human proximal femur compared to in-vitro experiments显示文摘 | Yosibash Z Padan R Joskowicz L | 2007 | J Biomech Eng2007，129，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Automated modeling and kinematics simulation of mechanisms显示文摘 | Sacks E Joskowicz | 1993 | Computer-aided Design1993，25，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Fracture : a system for computer - aided image guidc long bone fracture surgery 显示文摘 | Joskowicz L Milgmm C Simkin A | 1998 | Computer Aided Surgery1998，3，： | 1 |
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