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| 1 | Dried fruit pomace inclusion in poultry diet:growth performance, intestinal morphology and physiology显示文摘Background: Fruit pomaces are by-products rich in polyphenol compounds and dietary fiber. They seem to play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota, morphology and physiology. The aim of this study was to assess whether apple(A), blackurrant(B) or strawberry(S) pomaces could be suitable ingredients in broiler diets and their effect on gut health. A total of 480 male broilers were randomly allotted to 8 dietary treatments with lower(3%-L) or higher(6%-H) dietary fiber content: two control groups(CL/CH), two A diets(AL/AH), two B diets(BL/BH), two S diets(SL/SH). Diet and fruit pomaces were chemically analyzed to assess polyphenol concentration and fibre fraction content. After the evaluation of growth performance, 6 birds/group were slaughtered at 35 days of age. Morphometric and histopathological investigations were performed on duodenum, jejunum and ileum.Excreta were collected to perform microbiota evaluation by 16 S DNA sequencing. Weight, viscosity, enzymatic activity, short chain fatty acid(SCFAs) and ammonia concentration were determined in ileum and/or ceca content.Results: A pomace and A diets showed the lowest polyphenol content and the highest content of soluble fibre fraction. No significant differences were observed for growth performance, gut morphometry and histopathology(P > 0.05). Dietary fruit pomace inclusion increased the weight of ileum and ceca and the ileum digesta viscosity(P < 0.05). In the ileum, A and S groups showed lower bacterial α-glucosidase activity than C groups. Moreover,small intestine SCFAs concentration was higher in fruit pomaces diets(P < 0.05). In ceca, B and S groups showed lower ammonia concentration and higher SCFAs than C. Dietary treatments also influenced the activity of α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase β-glucuronidase and xylase. Regarding microbiota, at phylum level,Firmicutes were differentially abundant across treatment(maximum for C and minimum in S, FDR > 0.05). At genus level, an increase of Weissella in AH and Erwinia in S/B diets, as well as a decrease of Lactobacillus in all fruit pomace groups were recorded(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Fruit pomaces could be suitable ingredients in poultry nutrition even if further studies are needed to better understand which doses is more recommended to avoid negative effects on gut microbiota. | Elena Colombino Ilario Ferrocino Ilaria Biasato Luca Simone Cocolin Daniel Prieto-Botella Zenon Zduńczyk Jan Jankowski Joanna Milala Monika Kosmala Bartosz Fotschki Maria Teresa Capucchio Jerzy Juśkiewicz | 2020 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2020，11，4： | 1 |
| 2 | Available for millions of years but discovered through the last decade:Insects as a source of nutrients and energy in animal diets显示文摘The aim of this review is to present and discuss the most recent literature about the processing of insect biomass and its impact on nutritive value,further implementation of meals and fats derived from invertebrates to livestock(poultry and swine),aquaculture(salmonids),and companion animal diets and their impact on growth performance,metabolic response,and gastrointestinal microbiota shifts.Additionally,the most important barriers to obtaining unified products in terms of their nutritive value are considered,i.e.,to define insects'nutrient requirements,including various technological groups and further biomass processing(slaughtering,drying,and storage).Due to the current limitation in the insect production process consisting of the lack of infrastructure,there is stress on the relatively small amount of insect products added to the animal diets as a functional feed additive.Currently,only in the case of pet nutrition may insects be considered a full replacement for commonly used environmentally harmful and allergenic products.Simultaneously,the least information has been published on this topic.Thus,more scientific data are needed,particularly when the pet food branch and insect-based diets are rapidly growing. | Bartosz Kieronczyk Mateusz Rawski Zuzanna Mikołajczak Natalia Homska Jan Jankowski Katarzyna Ognik Agata Jozefiak Jan Mazurkiewicz Damian Jozefiak | 2022 | Animal Nutrition2022，，4： | 0 |
| 3 | The effect of the dietary inclusion of pea seeds of colored-flowered and white-flowered varieties on gastrointestinal function in turkeys显示文摘This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal(SBM)with graded levels of pea seeds(PS)on the gastrointestinal function of turkeys.Seeds of 2 pea varieties,a colored-flowered variety and a white-flowered variety(CFP and WFP,respectively)were fed to 56-d-old birds for 8 wk.A total of 539 female Hybrid turkeys were allocated to 7 groups,each group consisted of 7 pens with 11 birds per pen.The experiment had a 2-factorial design,with 3 dietary inclusion levels of PS(100,200 and 300 g/kg)and 2 pea varieties(CFP and WFP).The control group(diets without PS)was compared with CFP and WFP treatments by simple contrast analysis.In comparison with CFP seeds,WFP seeds contained 7-fold less tannins(0.67 vs.4.66 g/kg)and less non-starch polysaccharides(NSP,117.8 vs.132.7 g/kg),but more trypsin inhibitors(1.34 vs.0.98 g/kg)and starch(489 vs.455 g/kg).A rise in the PS content of diets from 100 to 200 and 300 g/kg increased the weight of the small intestine(P=0.031)and the dry matter(DM)content of intestinal digesta(P=0.001),but it had no effect on the pH of digesta.Only the highest PS content differentiated the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in the small intestinal digesta(WFP>CFP,P=0.008),whereas PS did not cause any changes in the morphological parameters of the small intestinal mucosa.The dietary inclusion of PS had no influence on the levels of acetate,butyrate,putrefactive SCFAs or total SCFAs in the cecal contents.Apart from increasing the activities of b-glucosidase(P=0.017)and b-galactosidase(P=0.025),pea varieties did not affect the activities of the analyzed cecal microbial enzymes.However,CFP seeds decreased the DM content(P=0.041)and increased the pH of cecal digesta,compared with WFP seeds(P=0.013).The results of this study,pointing to a few differences in the functional parameters of the small intestine and cecum,indicate that tannins are not a factor differentiating the suitability of CFP and WFP seeds in the nutrition of finisher turkeys.The inclusion of PS at 200 and 300 g/kg of the diet reduces the content of SBM and wheat in turkey diets,which has a positive effect on gastrointestinal function. | Zenon Zdunczyk Dariusz Mikulski Jan Jankowski Bogdan A.Slominski Jerzy Juskiewicz | 2022 | Animal Nutrition2022，，3： | 0 |
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