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| 1 | Achalasia: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology,treatment and outcomes显示文摘Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder of the oesophagus resulting in deranged oesophageal peristalsis and loss of lower oesophageal sphincter function.Historically,annual achalasia incidence rates were believed to be low,approximately 0.5-1.2 per 100000.More recent reports suggest that annual incidence rates have risen to 1.6 per 100000 in some populations.The aetiology of achalasia is still unclear but is likely to be multi-factorial.Suggested causes include environmental or viral exposures resulting in inflammation of the oesophageal myenteric plexus,which elicits an autoimmune response.Risk of achalasia may be elevated in a sub-group of genetically susceptible people.Improvement in the diagnosis of achalasia,through the introduction of high resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting,has resulted in the development of a novel classification system for achalasia.This classification system can evaluate patient prognosis and predict responsiveness to treatment.There is currently much debate over whether pneumatic dilatation is a superior method compared to the Heller’s myotomy procedure in the treatment of achalasia.A recent com-parative study found equal efficacy,suggesting that patient preference and local expertise should guide the choice.Although achalasia is a relatively rare condition,it carries a risk of complications,including aspiration pneumonia and oesophageal cancer.The risk of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is believed to be significantly increased in patients with achalasia,however the absolute excess risk is small.Therefore,it is currently unknown whether a surveillance programme in achalasia patients would be effective or cost-effective. | Orla M O'Neill Brian T Johnston Helen G Coleman | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，35： | 26 |
| 2 | Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study显示文摘AIM:To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.METHODS:This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 controls.All participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk factors.RESULTS:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's oesophagus.Fruit but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. | Lesley A Anderson RG Peter Watson Seamus J Murphy Brian T Johnston Harry Comber Jim Mc Guigan John V Reynolds Liam J Murray | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，10： | 5 |
| 3 | Have patients with esophagitis got an increased risk of adenocarcinoma? Results from a population-based study显示文摘AIM: To examine an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma is restricted to patients who develop Barrett's esophagus or whether esophagitis per se is a risk factor for adenocarcinoma.METHODS: A population-based cohort of patients with histological evidence of esophagitis without Barrett's esophagus was constructed using electronic pathology reports relating to all esophageal biopsies in Northern Ireland between 1993 and 1996. Person-years of followup and incident cases of esophageal cancer were calculated by linking the cohort to death files and the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry records. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated for esophageal cancers (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and histologically unspecified cancers).RESULTS: A total of 2 013 patients in the cohort provided 13 559 patient-years of follow-up (mean follow-up 6.7 years). None of the patients developed adenocarcinoma. Three patients developed SCC, and six developed histologically unspecified cancers. The SIR for all esophageal cancers and for SCC were 2.73 (95%CI 1.25-5.19) and 2.93 (95%CI 0.61-8.59), respectively. In a sensitivity analysis in which all unspecified esophageal cancers were treated as adenocarcinomas, the SIR for adenocarcinoma was 2.64 (0.97-5.75).CONCLUSION: The risk of adenocarcinoma is not elevated in patients with histological evidence of esophagitis without Barrett's esophagus; however, these patients may have a moderately increased risk of SCC.Further studies are required to confirm these findings,which suggest that Barrett's esophagus, not esophagitis,is the key precursor lesion in the development of adenocarcinoma. | Seamus J Murphy Lesley A Anderson Brian T Johnston Deirdre A Fitzpatrick Peter RG Watson Pauline Monaghan Liam J Murray | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，46： | 4 |
| 4 | Prognostic value of growth-differentiation factor-15 in patients with non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome 显示文摘 | Wollert K C Kempf T Peter T Olofsson S James S Johnston N | 2007 | Circulation2007，115，： | 1 |
| 5 | Phospholipid - stabilized nanoparticles of cyclosporine A by rapid expansion from supercritical to aqueous solution显示文摘 | YOUNG T J JOHNSTON K P PACE G W | 2004 | AAPS Pharm Sci Tech2004，5，1： | 1 |
| 6 | A framework for assessing direct economic impacts of tourist events: distinguishing ori- gins,destinations, and causes of expenditures显示文摘 | TYRRELL T J JOHNSTON R J | 2001 | J Travel Res2001，40，： | 1 |
| 7 | A firm's ability to managing in complex business networks : A review of concepts 显示文摘 | Ritter T Wilkinson I F Johnston W J | 2004 | Industrial Marketing Management2004，33，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Corporate reporting on the internet 显示文摘 | Ashbaugh H K M Johnstone T Warfield | 1999 | Accounting Horizons1999，，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Mobilization of aluminum in soil by acid deposition and its uptake by grass cut for hay : A Chemical time bomb显示文摘 | Blake L Johnstone A E Goulding K W T | 1994 | Soil Use and Management1994，10，： | 1 |
| 10 | A phase 2 study of the oral mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, everolimus, in patients with recurrent endometria! carcinoma 显示文摘 | Slomovitz BM Lu KH Johnston T | 2010 | Cancer2010，116，23： | 1 |
| 11 | Enaminone Amides as Novel Orally Active GABAA Receptor Modulators 显示文摘 | HOGENKAMP D J JOHNSTONE T C HUANG J C | 2007 | J Med Chem2007，50，14： | 1 |
| 12 | Measuring network competence: Some international evidence显示文摘 | WILKINSON I RITTER T JOHNSTON W | 2002 | The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing2002，17，23： | 1 |
| 13 | Mesencephalic type 1 astrocytes rescue dopaminergie neurons from death induced by serum deprivation显示文摘 | Takeshima T Johnston JM Commissiong JW | 1994 | J Neurosci1994，14，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Apolipoprotein(a) inhibits the conversion of Glu-plas-minogen to Lys-plasminogen : a novel mechanism forlipoprotein(a)-mediated inhibition of plasminogen ac-tivation 显示文摘 | FERIC N T BOFFA M B JOHNSTON S M | 2008 | J Thromb Haemost2008，6，： | 1 |
| 15 | Least angle regression显示文摘 | Efron B Hastie T Johnstone I | 2004 | The Annals of Statistics2004，32，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Pooled analysis of the efficacy and safety of self-expanding metal stenting in malig- nant colorectal obstruction 显示文摘 | Sebastian S Johnston S Geoghegan T | 2004 | Am J Gastroenterol2004，99，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Contribution of leaves at different canopy levels to seed production of upright and lodged soybeans 显示文摘 | Johnston T J Pendleton J W | 1968 | Crop Science1968，8，： | 1 |
| 18 | Resistance to foliar blight and crown rot of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici显示文摘 | Barksdale T H Papavizas G C Johnston S A | 1984 | Plant Disease1984，68，： | 1 |
| 19 | A phase II study of oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, RAD001 (everolimus), in patients with recurrent endometrial carcinoma (EC) 显示文摘 | Slomovitz B Lu K H Johnston T | 2008 | J Clin Oncol2008，26，15： | 1 |
| 20 | Connecting microRNA genes to the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells显示文摘 | Marson A Levine S S Cole M F Frampton G M Brambrink T Johnstone S | 2008 | Cell2008，134，： | 1 |
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