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| 1 | City Markets as a Unit of Analysis in Audit Research and the Re‐Examination of Big 6 Market Shares显示文摘 | Jere R.Francis Donald J.Stokes DonAnderson | 2002 | Abacus2002，，2： | 1 |
| 2 | Beyond Anemia: The Clinical Impact of the Physiologic Effects of Erythropoietin显示文摘 | Charles J.Diskin Thomas J.Stokes Linda M.Dansby LautrecRadcliff Thomas B.Carter | 2008 | Seminars in Dialysis2008，，5： | 1 |
| 3 | What matters in audit pricing: industry specialization or overall market leadership?显示文摘 | Andrew C.Ferguson Jere R.Francis Donald J.Stokes | 2006 | Accounting & Finance2006，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites:Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST显示文摘Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95%over the past century.Improving the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source sites.From 2008-2010,standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring(LEM)was established under the Tigers Forever Program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement interventions.Patrol-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance,although,until recently,it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation community.The present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST,a computerized management information system for ranger-based data collection.The framework addresses many of the technical,practical and institutional challenges involved in the design,implementation,sustainability and evaluation of LEM.Adoption of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts,to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to tigers.When combined with independent,systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey,LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments. | Emma J.STOKES | 2010 | Integrative Zoology2010，5，4： | 0 |
| 5 | Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas:A case study for Russian Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)reserves显示文摘Although considerable conservation resources have been committed to develop and use law enforcement monitoring and management tools such as SMART,measures of success are ill-defined and,to date,few reports detail results post-implementation.Here,we present 4 case studies from protected areas with Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)in Russia,in which indicators of success were defined and evaluated at each.The ultimate goal was an increase in tiger numbers to 1 individual/100 km^(2)at each site.We predicted that improvements in law enforcement effectiveness would be followed by increases in prey numbers and,subsequently,tiger numbers.We used short-term and long-term indicators of success,including:(i)patrol team effort and effectiveness;(ii)catch per unit effort indicators(to measure reductions in threats);and(iii)changes in target species numbers.In addition to implementing a monitoring system,we focused on improving law enforcement management using an adaptive management process.Over 4 years,we noted clear increases in patrol effort and a partial reduction in threats.Although we did not detect clear trends in ungulate numbers,tiger populations remained stable or increased,suggesting that poaching of tigers may be more limiting than prey depletion.Increased effectiveness is needed before a clear reduction in threats can be noted,and more time is needed before detecting responses in target populations.Nonetheless,delineation of concrete goals and indicators of success provide a means of evaluating progress and weaknesses.Such monitoring should be a central component of law enforcement strategies for protected areas. | Michiel H.H.HÖTTE Igor A.KOLODIN Sergei L.BEREZNUK Jonathan C.SLAGHT Linda L.KERLEY Svetlana V.SOUTYRINA Galina P.SALKINA Olga Y.ZAUMYSLOVA Emma J.STOKES Dale G.MIQUELLE | 2016 | Integrative Zoology2016，11，1： | 0 |
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