| 1 | 风暴沉积的遗迹学研究显示文摘遗迹化石正在证明其在鉴别和解释事件地层中的作用。风暴沉积含有一套混合的、与能量水平变化相适应的遗迹化石组合 ,两种不同的遗迹群落反映变化着的行为方式对生物所移居的两种连续的 ,但是单个性质不同的生境所作出的反应 :常住的或平常天气的遗迹群落可以作为一种稳定的底栖群落的代表 ,在这一群落里单个的居群达到或接近它们的承载能力 ;而周期性产生的风暴遗迹群落则代表着在一种不稳定的、生态环境恶化的、机械控制的环境下繁盛的机会主义生物的群落。典型的陆源碎屑的风暴沉积中的遗迹群落可以加拿大艾伯塔上白垩统卡迪组中的遗迹群落为例 ,而碳酸盐风暴沉积中的遗迹群落则可以中国华北地台东部上寒武统崮山组中的碳酸盐风暴沉积序列中的遗迹群落为例 ,本文详细介绍这两种类型的成因及结构、构造特点。 | S.G.Pemberton 周志澄 J.Mac Eacher | 2000 | 沉积学报2000，18，4： | 12 |
| 4 | Tropical forest canopies and their relationships with climate and disturbance: results from a global dataset of consistent field-based measurements显示文摘Background: Canopy structure, defined by leaf area index(LAI), fractional vegetation cover(FCover) and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation(f APAR), regulates a wide range of forest functions and ecosystem services. Spatially consistent field-measurements of canopy structure are however lacking, particularly for the tropics.Methods: Here, we introduce the Global LAI database: a global dataset of field-based canopy structure measurements spanning tropical forests in four continents(Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas). We use these measurements to test for climate dependencies within and across continents, and to test for the potential of anthropogenic disturbance and forest protection to modulate those dependences.Results: Using data collected from 887 tropical forest plots, we show that maximum water deficit, defined across the most arid months of the year, is an important predictor of canopy structure, with all three canopy attributes declining significantly with increasing water deficit. Canopy attributes also increase with minimum temperature, and with the protection of forests according to both active(within protected areas) and passive measures(through topography). Once protection and continent effects are accounted for, other anthropogenic measures(e.g. human population) do not improve the model.Conclusions: We conclude that canopy structure in the tropics is primarily a consequence of forest adaptation to the maximum water deficits historically experienced within a given region. Climate change, and in particular changes in drought regimes may thus affect forest structure and function, but forest protection may offer some resilience against this effect. | marion pfeifer alemu gonsamo william woodgate luis cayuela andrew r.marshall alicia ledo timothy c.e.paine rob marchant andrew burt kim calders colin courtney-mustaphi aida cuni-sanchez nicolas j.deere dereje denu jose gonzalez de tanago robin hayward alvaro lau manuel j.macía pieter i.olivier petri pellikka hamidu seki deo shirima rebecca trevithick beatrice wedeux charlotte wheeler pantaleo k.t.munishi thomas martin abdul mustari philip j.platts | 2018 | Forest Ecosystems2018，5，1： | 1 |
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