| 1 | 青少年和年轻成人先天性心脏病的心理社会远期转归显示文摘目的先天性心脏病(CHD)是一种在全球范围内高发的慢性疾病,通常在出生时或出生前确诊。由于诊断以及早期药物和手术治疗的条件较好,患者的生存率达到90%,并且生存时间不断延长,面临着生活中的各种挑战。该研究探讨了不同人口统计学、临床和心理社会变量对CHD青少年和年轻成人患者的生活质量(QOL)感知、心理社会适应和精神障碍患病率的影响,评估CHD青少年和年轻成人患者的生活质量、心理社会适应和精神障碍发病率,确定哪些变量(人口统计学、临床和心理社会变量)对缓解压力、促进恢复起到积极作用,哪些变量起到不良作用。方法该研究入组了150名CHD患者(男87例,女63例),年龄12~26岁(平均年龄:17.45±3.373岁)。对参与者进行了关于社会支持、家庭教育方式、自我形象、人口统计信息和生理限制等方面的访谈。他们对标准化精神病学访谈(SADS-L)中的问题进行了回答,并填写了自我报告问卷,以进行生活质量(WHOQOL-BREF)和心理社会适应(YSR/ASR)的评估。结果所有参与者精神障碍的终身患病率为18.7%(女性25.4%,男性13.8%)。57.1%的参与者有过留级(平均1.53±0.804年)。与整体葡萄牙人相比,CHD患者的生活质量感知在社会关系、环境、身体和总体方面较好。而女性、学习成绩差、较少的社会支持、复杂性CHD、紫绀型CHD、中重度残留病灶、接受过手术和有生理限制患者生活质量感知较差。除了紫绀,所有这些变量也会引起较差的心理社会适应。结论女性CHD患者及学习成绩差且获得社会支持少的CHD患者的心理社会适应和生活质量较差。 | Maria Emlha Gulmaraes Arelas Catarina I. Pinto Patricia F. Vieira Flavio Teixeira Rosalia. Coelho Isabela Freitas Samantha Matos Marta Castro Sofia Sarmento Victor Viana Jorge Quintas Jose C. Areias | 2013 | 中国当代儿科杂志2013，15，10： | 3 |
| 2 | Assemblage-based biomonitoring of freshwater ecosystem health via multimetric indices:A critical review and suggestions for improving their applicability显示文摘Freshwater biota are more comprehensive and direct indicators of biological impacts,and more meaningful to the public than water quality or physical habitat surrogates.Freshwater biotic data and the multiple biological indicators developed from them offer a much richer array of data for assessing the impacts of pollution controls than a limited set of physical or chemical measures.In recent decades,assemblage-based assessments by ecologists,environmental scientists,and water quality agencies have been employed globally for determining the condition of,and threats to,freshwater ecosystems.A key step in this advance has been the development of multimetric indices(MMIs)or indices of biotic integrity(IBIs)based on quantitative assessments of algae,macrophyte,macroinvertebrate,fish or riparian bird assemblages.In Europe,where biological assemblages are mandated for assessing freshwater ecosystem health,many indices are multimetric.However,the proliferation of MMIs globally has not always occurred through the application of rigorous study designs and monitoring protocols,nor have they always effectively incorporated functional metrics,stressor assessments,and statistical analyses.Therefore,in this review,we discuss eleven major concerns with the development and application(including logistical limitations)of multimetric indicators based on freshwater biota to encourage more rigorous and widely applicable(transferable)MMI use and implementation.Specifically,our concerns focus on reference conditions;sampling effort,methods,and season;trophic guild definition;metric comprehensiveness,options,screening and scoring;and MMI validation.MMIs could also benefit from increased attention to ecological mechanisms and metric development,to further improve our understanding of anthropogenic impacts as well as rehabilitation effects on freshwater ecosystems globally.Paying closer attention to study designs,ecological mechanisms and metric development should further improve our understanding of anthropogenic impacts and better facilitate rehabilitation of degraded freshwater ecosystems,as well as aiding in the conservation of healthy freshwater ecosystems globally. | Robert L.Vadas Jr. Robert M.Hughes Yeon Jae Bae Min Jeong Baek Orestes Carlos Bello Gonzáles Marcos Callisto Débora ReisdeCarvalho Kai Chen Maria T.Ferreira Pablo Fierro Jon S.Harding Dana M.Infante C.J.Kleynhans Diego R.Macedo Isabela Martins Norman Mercado Silva Nabor Moya Susan J.Nichols Paulo S.Pompeu Renata Ruaro Deborah R.O.Silva R.Jan Stevenson Bianca de Freitas Terra Christa Thirion Douglas Ticiani Lizhu Wang Chris O.Yoder | 2022 | Water Biology and Security2022，1，3： | 1 |
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