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| 1 | Challenges against CO_(2) abatement strategies in cement industry: A review显示文摘Cement industry is an intensive source of fuel consumption and greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions. This industry is responsible for 5% of GHGs emissions and is among the top industrial sources of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions. Therefore, CO_(2) emissions reduction from cement production process has been always an appealing subject for researches in universities and industry. Various efforts have been carried out to mitigate the huge mass of CO_(2) emissions from the cement industry. Although, majority of these strategies are technically viable, due to various barriers, the level of CO_(2) mitigation in cement industry is still not satisfactory. Among numerous researches on this topic, only a few have tried to answer why CO_(2) abatement strategies are not globally practiced yet. This work aims to highlight the challenges and barriers against widespread and effective implementation of CO_(2) mitigation strategies in the cement industry and to propose practical solutions to overcome such barriers. | Emad Benhelal Ezzatollah Shamsaei Muhammad Imran Rashid | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，6： | 8 |
| 2 | Dynamic characteristics of nanoindentation in Ni:A molecular dynamics simulation study显示文摘In this work,three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to elucidate the nanoindentation behaviour of single crystal Ni.The substrate indenter system is modelled using hybrid interatomic potentials including the manybody potential(embedded atom method) and two-body Morse potential.The spherical indenter is chosen,and the simulation is performed for different loading rates from 10 m/s to 200 m/s.Results show that the maximum indentation load and hardness of the system increase with the increase of velocity.The effect of indenter size on the nanoindentation response is also analysed.It is found that the maximum indentation load is higher for the large indenter whereas the hardness is higher for the smaller indenter.Dynamic nanoindentation is carried out to investigate the behaviour of Ni substrate to multiple loading-unloading cycles.It is observed from the results that the increase in the number of loading unloading cycles reduces the maximum load and hardness of the Ni substrate.This is attributed to the decrease in recovery force due to defects and dislocations produced after each indentation cycle. | Muhammad Imran Fayyaz Hussain Muhammad Rashid S.A.Ahmad | 2012 | Chinese Physics B2012，21，11： | 4 |
| 3 | Molecular dynamics study of the mechanical characteristics of Ni/Cu bilayer using nanoindentation显示文摘In the present work,a three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to perform the nanoindentation experiment on Ni single crystal.The substrate indenter system is modeled using hybrid interatomic potentials including the many-body potential embedded atom method(EAM),and two-body morse potential.To simulate the indentation process,a spherical indenter(diameter = 80 A,1 A=0.1 nm) is chosen.The results show that the mechanical behaviour of a monolithic Ni is not affected by crystalline orientation.To elucidate the effect of a heterogeneous interface, three bilayer interface systems are constructed,namely Ni(100)/Cu(111),Ni(110)/Cu(111),and Ni(111)/Cu(111).The simulations along these systems clearly describe that mechanical behaviour directly depends on the lattice mismatch. The interface with the smaller mismatch between the specified crystal planes is proved to be harder and vice versa.To describe the relationship between film thickness and interface effect,we choose various values of film thickness ranging from 20 A to 50 A to perform the nanoindentation experiment.It is observed that the interface is significant only for the relatively small thickness of film and the separation between interface and the indenter tip.It is shown that with the increase in film thickness,the mechanical behaviour of the film shifts more toward that of monolithic material. | Muhammad Imran Fayyaz Hussain Muhammad Rashid S.A.Ahmad | 2012 | Chinese Physics B2012，21，12： | 3 |
| 4 | Physiological and biochemical appraisal for mulching and partial rhizosphere drying of cotton显示文摘Water is the main factor for the healthy life of plant.One of the main negative effects of climate change is the increasing scarcity of water that is lethal for plant.Globally,for water deficit regions(arid and semi-arid),drought is the main factor responsible for low production of agriculture,especially for cotton.Great efforts have been and are being made to find alternatives to water saving practices.This study aimed to examine the effects of partial rhizosphere drying(PRD,half of the root system irrigated at one event,and the other half irrigated in the next event,and so on)with and/or without various mulching treatments on physiological and biochemical traits of cotton.To explore this objective,we laid out experiments in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Pakistan in 2016.Two factors included were four mulching treatments(M0,no mulching;M1,black plastic mulching;M2,wheat straw mulching;and M3,cotton sticks mulching)and two irrigation levels(I0,control(full irrigation);and I1,PRD).Fisher's analysis of variance among means of treatments was compared using least significant difference test at 5% probability level.Results revealed that the maximum plant height,leaf area,leaf gas exchange(photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance),chlorophyll,proline and total sugar contents,and enzyme activities were higher under M2 than under other three mulching treatments.As for irrigation levels,higher values of plant height,photosynthesis and water related parameters(leaf water potential,leaf osmotic potential,leaf turgor potential,etc.)were recorded.Contents of total sugar and proline and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in PRD-treated plants than in control plants.It was concluded that combined application of PRD and mulching was more effective than the rest of the treatments used in the experiment.Similar study can be conducted in the field by applying irrigation water in alternate rows in semi-arid regions. | Rashid IQBAL Muhammad A S RAZA Muhammad F SALEEM Imran H KHAN Salman AHMAD Muhammad S ZAHEER Muhammad U ASLAM Imran HAIDER | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Structural, electronic, and optical properties of ZnO_(1-x)Se_x alloys using first-principles calculations显示文摘The structural, electronic, and optical properties of binary ZnO, ZnSe compounds, and their ternary ZnO 1-x Se x alloys are computed using the accurate full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-LAPW + lo) method in the rocksalt (B1) and zincblende (B3) crystallographic phases. The electronic band structures, fundamental energy band gaps, and densities of states for ZnO 1-x Se x are evaluated in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 using Wu-Cohen (WC) generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation potential. Our calculated results of lattice parameters and bulk modulus reveal a nonlinear variation for pseudo-binary and their ternary alloys in both phases and show a considerable deviation from Vegard's law. It is observed that the predicted lattice parameter and bulk modulus are in good agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data. We establish that the composition dependence of band gap is semi-metallic in B1 phase, while a direct band gap is observed in B3 phase. The calculated density of states is described by taking into account the contribution of Zn 3d, O2p, and Se 4s, and the optical properties are studied in terms of dielectric functions, refractive index, reflectivity, and energy loss function for the B3 phase and are compared with the available experimental data. | Muhammad Rashid Fayyaz Hussain Muhammad Imran S A Ahmad N A Noor M U Sohaib S M Alay-e-Abbas | 2013 | Chinese Physics B2013，22，8： | 2 |
| 6 | Privacy and security federated reference architecture for Internet of Things显示文摘Physical objects are getting connected to the Internet at an exceptional rate,making the idea of the Internet of Things(IoT)a reality.The IoT ecosystem is evident everywhere in the form of smart homes,health care systems,wearables,connected vehicles,and industries.This has given rise to risks associated with the privacy and security of systems.Security issues and cyber attacks on IoT devices may potentially hinder the growth of IoT products due to deficiencies in the architecture.To counter these issues,we need to implement privacy and security right from the building blocks of IoT.The IoT architecture has evolved over the years,improving the stack of architecture with new solutions such as scalability,management,interoperability,and extensibility.This emphasizes the need to standardize and organize the IoT reference architecture in federation with privacy and security concerns.In this study,we examine and analyze 12 existing IoT reference architectures to identify their shortcomings on the basis of the requirements addressed in the standards.We propose an architecture,the privacy-federated IoT security reference architecture(PF-IoT-SRA),which interprets all the involved privacy metrics and counters major threats and attacks in the IoT communication environment.It is a step toward the standardization of the domain architecture.We effectively validate our proposed reference architecture using the architecture trade-off analysis method(ATAM),an industry-recognized scenario-based approach. | Musab KAMAL Imran RASHID Waseem IQBAL Muhammad Haroon SIDDIQUI Sohaib KHAN Ijaz AHMAD | 2023 | Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering2023，24，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Real-Time Multiple Guava Leaf Disease Detection from a Single Leaf Using Hybrid Deep Learning Technique显示文摘The guava plant has achieved viable significance in subtropics and tropics owing to its flexibility to climatic environments,soil conditions and higher human consumption.It is cultivated in vast areas of Asian and Non-Asian countries,including Pakistan.The guava plant is vulnerable to diseases,specifically the leaves and fruit,which result in massive crop and profitability losses.The existing plant leaf disease detection techniques can detect only one disease from a leaf.However,a single leaf may contain symptoms of multiple diseases.This study has proposed a hybrid deep learning-based framework for the real-time detection of multiple diseases from a single guava leaf in several steps.Firstly,Guava Infected Patches Modified MobileNetV2 and U-Net(GIP-MU-NET)has been proposed to segment the infected guava patches.The proposed model consists of modified MobileNetv2 as an encoder,and the U-Net model’s up-sampling layers are used as a decoder part.Secondly,the Guava Leaf SegmentationModel(GLSM)is proposed to segment the healthy and infected leaves.In the final step,the Guava Multiple Leaf Diseases Detection(GMLDD)model based on the YOLOv5 model detects various diseases from a guava leaf.Two self-collected datasets(the Guava Patches Dataset and the Guava Leaf Diseases Dataset)are used for training and validation.The proposed method detected the various defects,including five distinct classes,i.e.,anthracnose,insect attack,nutrition deficiency,wilt,and healthy.On average,the GIP-MU-Net model achieved 92.41%accuracy,the GLSM gained 83.40%accuracy,whereas the proposed GMLDD technique achieved 73.3%precision,73.1%recall,71.0%mAP@0.5 and 50.3 mAP@0.5:0.95 scores for all the aforesaid classes. | Javed Rashid Imran Khan Ghulam Ali Shafiq ur Rehman Fahad Alturise Tamim Alkhalifah | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Fluid Mechanics and Heat-Transfer Operations Combination Involved in Urea Unit of Fertilizer Complex显示文摘Fertilizer plants are most complex plants in the world (Rashid et al., 2013, Process Safety Progress) and its good opportunity to learn science from operations involved in these plants. Fluid mechanics and heat transfer operations combination involved in fertilizer complexes are explored in this article. | Muhammad Imran Rashid Naveed Ramzan | 2019 | Non-Metallic Material Science2019，1，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Theoretical investigations of half-metallic ferromagnetism in new Half-Heusler YCrSb and YMnSb alloys using first-principle calculations显示文摘Structural,electronic,and magnetic properties of new predicted half-Heusler YCrSb and YMnSb compounds within the ordered MgAgAs Clb-type structure are investigated by employing first-principal calculations based on density functional theory.Through the calculated total energies of three possible atomic placements,we find the most stable structures regarding YCrSb and YMnSb materials,where Y,Cr(Mn),and Sb atoms occupy the(0.5,0.5,0.5),(0.25,0.25,0.25),and(0,0,0) positions,respectively.Furthermore,structural properties are explored for the non-magnetic and ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic states and it is found that both materials prefer ferromagnetic states.The electronic band structure shows that YCrSb has a direct band gap of 0.78 eV while YMnSb has an indirect band gap of 0.40 eV in the majority spin channel.Our findings show that YCrSb and YMnSb materials exhibit half-metallic characteristics at their optimized lattice constants of 6.67 and 6.56 ,respectively.The half-metallicities associated with YCrSb and YMnSb are found to be robust under large in-plane strains which make them potential contenders for spintronic applications. | M Atif Sattar Muhammad Rashid M Raza Hashmi S A Ahmad Muhammad Imran Fayyaz Hussain | 2016 | Chinese Physics B2016，25，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Natural Convection and Irreversibility of Nanofluid Due to Inclined Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)Filled in a Cavity with Y-Shape Heated Fin:FEM Computational显示文摘This study explains the entropy process of natural convective heating in the nanofluid-saturated cavity in a heated fin andmagnetic field.The temperature is constant on the Y-shaped fin,insulating the topwall while the remaining walls remain cold.All walls are subject to impermeability and non-slip conditions.The mathematical modeling of the problem is demonstrated by the continuity,momentum,and energy equations incorporating the inclined magnetic field.For elucidating the flow characteristics Finite ElementMethod(FEM)is implemented using stable FE pair.A hybrid fine mesh is used for discretizing the domain.Velocity and thermal plots concerning parameters are drawn.In addition,a detailed discussion regarding generation energy by monitoring changes in magnetic,viscous,total,and thermal irreversibility is provided.In addition,line graphs are created for the u and v components of the velocity profile to predict the flow behavior.Current simulations assume the dimensionless representative of magnetic field Hartmann number Ha between 0 and 100 and a magnetic field inclination between 0 and 90 degrees.A constant 4% volume proportion of nanoparticles is employed throughout all scenarios. | Afraz Hussain Majeed Rashid Mahmood Sayed M.Eldin Imran Saddique S.Saleem Muhammad Jawad | 2024 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2024，139，5： | 0 |
| 11 | Editorial on Emerging Trends in Polymeric Materials Research and Applications显示文摘Polymeric materials especially nanocomposites(Graphene,MXene based)are widely used in food,electronics,biomedical,batteries,energy storage,fuel cells,wastewater treatment,and automotive[1].Nanocomposites are stronger,lighter,and stiffer and can improve properties such as mechanical strength,electrical conductivity,thermal stability,flame retardancy,surface appearance,optical clarity and chemical resistance.Current research is focusing on nanocomposites applications[1-3],CO_(2)capturing polymers[4],making polymers degradable[5-7]especially developing bio-composites[8]and green composites[9,10]which are degradable。 | Muhammad Imran Rashid | 2023 | Non-Metallic Material Science2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 12 | Prognostic value of hematological parameters in older adult patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing coronary intervention:a single centre prospective study显示文摘BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a significant contributor to the disease burden in geriatric patients.Underlying systemic inflammation is thought to be the cause of age-related changes in the bone marrow and a major risk factor for atherosclerosis.The purpose of the study was to assess the accuracy of these hematological biomarkers in predicting 30-day mortality in older patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).METHODS This was a prospective observational study of 601 older adult patients(age>60 years)with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention over two years(2017-2019).The relationship between baseline hematological parameters and mortality was assessed during the 30-day follow-up.Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were done to evaluate for diagnostic accuracy of various hematological parameters.RESULTS The mean age of presentation was 77±17 years.The mean neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)value was 5.07±4.90 and the mean platelet-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)value was 108.65±85.82.On univariate analysis,total leucocyte count[odds ratio(OR)=0.85,P=0.021],hematocrit(OR=0.91,P=0.018),NLR(OR=1.10,P=0.001)and PLR(OR=1.05,P=0.001)were associated with mortality.On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,NLR predicted mortality with 68.1%and PLR with 65.7%accuracy.On multivariate analysis,NLR(OR=1.096,95%CI:1.006-1.15,P=0.035)was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality.CONCLUSIONS For the risk classification of all elderly ACS patients,we highly advise using NLR rather than the total white blood cell count. | Umar Hafiz Khan Murtaza Rashid Pala Imran Hafeez Afshan Shabir Amrit Dhar Hilal Ahmad Rather | 2023 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2023，20，8： | 0 |
| 13 | Prediction Models for COVID-19 Integrating Age Groups, Gender, and Underlying Conditions显示文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths,millions of infections worldwide,and the loss of trillions of dollars for many large economies.It poses a grave threat to the human population with an excessive number of patients constituting an unprecedented challenge with which health systems have to cope.Researchers from many domains have devised diverse approaches for the timely diagnosis of COVID-19 to facilitate medical responses.In the same vein,a wide variety of research studies have investigated underlying medical conditions for indicators suggesting the severity and mortality of,and role of age groups and gender on,the probability of COVID-19 infection.This study aimed to review,analyze,and critically appraise published works that report on various factors to explain their relationship with COVID-19.Such studies span a wide range,including descriptive analyses,ratio analyses,cohort,prospective and retrospective studies.Various studies that describe indicators to determine the probability of infection among the general population,as well as the risk factors associated with severe illness and mortality,are critically analyzed and these ndings are discussed in detail.A comprehensive analysis was conducted on research studies that investigated the perceived differences in vulnerability of different age groups and genders to severe outcomes of COVID-19.Studies incorporating important demographic,health,and socioeconomic characteristics are highlighted to emphasize their importance.Predominantly,the lack of an appropriated dataset that contains demographic,personal health,and socioeconomic information implicates the efcacy and efciency of the discussed methods.Results are overstated on the part of both exclusion of quarantined and patients with mild symptoms and inclusion of the data from hospitals where the majority of the cases are potentially ill. | Imran Ashraf Waleed SAlnumay Rashid Ali Soojung Hur Ali Kashif Bashir Yousaf Bin Zikria | 2021 | Computers, Materials & Continua2021，，6： | 0 |
| 14 | Binary Oriented Feature Selection for Valid Product Derivation in Software Product Line显示文摘Software Product Line(SPL)is a group of software-intensive systems that share common and variable resources for developing a particular system.The feature model is a tree-type structure used to manage SPL’s common and variable features with their different relations and problem of Crosstree Constraints(CTC).CTC problems exist in groups of common and variable features among the sub-tree of feature models more diverse in Internet of Things(IoT)devices because different Internet devices and protocols are communicated.Therefore,managing the CTC problem to achieve valid product configuration in IoT-based SPL is more complex,time-consuming,and hard.However,the CTC problem needs to be considered in previously proposed approaches such as Commonality VariabilityModeling of Features(COVAMOF)andGenarch+tool;therefore,invalid products are generated.This research has proposed a novel approach Binary Oriented Feature Selection Crosstree Constraints(BOFS-CTC),to find all possible valid products by selecting the features according to cardinality constraints and cross-tree constraint problems in the featuremodel of SPL.BOFS-CTC removes the invalid products at the early stage of feature selection for the product configuration.Furthermore,this research developed the BOFS-CTC algorithm and applied it to,IoT-based feature models.The findings of this research are that no relationship constraints and CTC violations occur and drive the valid feature product configurations for the application development by removing the invalid product configurations.The accuracy of BOFS-CTC is measured by the integration sampling technique,where different valid product configurations are compared with the product configurations derived by BOFS-CTC and found 100%correct.Using BOFS-CTC eliminates the testing cost and development effort of invalid SPL products. | Muhammad Fezan Afzal Imran Khan Javed Rashid Mubbashar Saddique Heba G.Mohamed | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，76，9： | 0 |
| 15 | A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach to Classify the Plant Leaf Species显示文摘Many plant species have a startling degree of morphological similarity,making it difficult to split and categorize them reliably.Unknown plant species can be challenging to classify and segment using deep learning.While using deep learning architectures has helped improve classification accuracy,the resulting models often need to be more flexible and require a large dataset to train.For the sake of taxonomy,this research proposes a hybrid method for categorizing guava,potato,and java plumleaves.Two new approaches are used to formthe hybridmodel suggested here.The guava,potato,and java plum plant species have been successfully segmented using the first model built on the MobileNetV2-UNET architecture.As a second model,we use a Plant Species Detection Stacking Ensemble Deep Learning Model(PSD-SE-DLM)to identify potatoes,java plums,and guava.The proposed models were trained using data collected in Punjab,Pakistan,consisting of images of healthy and sick leaves from guava,java plum,and potatoes.These datasets are known as PLSD and PLSSD.Accuracy levels of 99.84%and 96.38%were achieved for the suggested PSD-SE-DLM and MobileNetV2-UNET models,respectively. | Javed Rashid Imran Khan Irshad Ahmed Abbasi Muhammad Rizwan Saeed Mubbashar Saddique Mohamed Abbas | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，76，9： | 0 |
| 16 | Truth and False-carbon Dioxide Mitigation Technologies显示文摘Research progress is required to be enhanced for those storage technologies which store CO_(2)fast and permanently.However,temporary storage technologies importance cannot be denied to immediately reduce global warming and reduce higher CO_(2)concentration in the atmosphere.Continuous CO_(2)storage facilities,semi-batch and batch pilot plants deemed necessary to build for future survival of the earth planet.Membranes can be used to separate CO_(2)from common flue gases followed by mineral carbonation to convert CO_(2)into stable carbonates.Modifications in cement industry,coal fired power plants,fertilizer industries and other chemical process industries appears essential. | Muhammad Imran Rashid | 2021 | Non-Metallic Material Science2021，3，2： | 0 |
| 17 | Integrated Hazard Identification(IHI):A Quick Accident Analysis and Quantification Method for Practitioners显示文摘There are many techniques for hazard identification and are divided into shortcut,standard and advanced techniques.Among these,HAZOP and What-If techniques are mostly engaged by practitioners in the chemical process industry.Both of these have certain advantages and limitations,i.e.,HAZOP is structured,and what-if covers broad range of scenarios.There is no hazard identification method,which can cover a broad range of scenarios and is structured in nature.For this purpose,a new technique namely integrated hazard identification(IHI)is proposed in this article that integrates HAZOP and What-If.The methodology is demonstrated via hazard identification study of urea synthesis section.Risk ranking is used to sort out the worst-case scenario.This worst-case scenario is further studied in detail for quantification that is performed using the ALOHA software.This quantification has assisted to detect ammonia concentrations in nearby control room and surroundings for worst-case scenario.It is revealed that if ammonia pump is not stopped within 10 minutes,concentration inside and outside the control room may reach to 384 ppm and 2630 ppm,compared to 1100 ppm(AEGL-3).Thus the proposed method would be easy,time saving and covers more details and would be handy for practicing engineers working in different chemical process industries. | Muhammad Imran Rashid Muhammad Athar Izzat Iqbal Cheema Emad Benhelal | 2021 | Non-Metallic Material Science2021，3，2： | 0 |
| 18 | Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis for Social Multimedia:A Hybrid Computational Framework显示文摘People utilize microblogs and other social media platforms to express their thoughts and feelings regarding current events,public products and the latest affairs.People share their thoughts and feelings about various topics,including products,news,blogs,etc.In user reviews and tweets,sentiment analysis is used to discover opinions and feelings.Sentiment polarity is a term used to describe how sentiment is represented.Positive,neutral and negative are all examples of it.This area is still in its infancy and needs several critical upgrades.Slang and hidden emotions can detract from the accuracy of traditional techniques.Existing methods only evaluate the polarity strength of the sentiment words when dividing them into positive and negative categories.Some existing strategies are domain-specific.The proposed model incorporates aspect extraction,association rule mining and the deep learning technique Bidirectional EncoderRepresentations from Transformers(BERT).Aspects are extracted using Part of Speech Tagger and association rulemining is used to associate aspects with opinion words.Later,classification was performed using BER.The proposed approach attained an average of 89.45%accuracy,88.45%precision and 85.98%recall on different datasets of products and Twitter.The results showed that the proposed technique achieved better than state-of-the-art sentiment analysis techniques. | Muhammad Rizwan Rashid Rana Saif Ur Rehman Asif Nawaz Tariq Ali Azhar Imran Abdulkareem Alzahrani Abdullah Almuhaimeed | 2023 | Computer Systems Science & Engineering2023，46，8： | 0 |
| 19 | Mechanical behavior of Cu-Zr bulk metallic glasses (BMGs): A molecular dynamics approach显示文摘In the present work, three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to elucidate the nanoindentation behaviors of CuZr Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). The substrate indenter system is modeled using hybrid interatomic potentials including both many-body Finnis Sinclair (FS) and two-body Morse potentials. A spherical rigid indenter (diameter = 60(1 = 10-10 m)) is employed to simulate the indentation process. Three samples of BMGs including Cu25Zr75 , Cu50Zr50 , and Cu75Zr25 are designed and the metallic glasses are formed by rapid cooling from the melt state at about 2000 K. The radial distribution functions are analyzed to reveal the dynamical evolution of the structure of the atoms with different compositions and different cooling rates. The mechanical behavior can be well understood in terms of load-depth curves and Hardness-depth curves during the nanoindentation process. Our results indicate a positive linear relationship between the hardness and the Cu concentration of the BMG sample. To reveal the importance of cooling rate provided during the processing of BMGs, we investigate the indentation behaviors of Cu50Zr50 at three different quenching rates. Nanoindentation results and radial distribution function (RDF) curves at room temperature indicate that a sample can be made harder and more stable by slowing down the quenching rate. | Muhammad Imran Fayyaz Hussain Muhammad Rashid Yongqing Cai S.A.Ahmad | 2013 | Chinese Physics B2013，22，9： | 0 |
| 20 | GHG Emissions and Role of Polymeric Materials in Mitigation显示文摘GHG emissions of methane(CH4)have double,and CO2 are close to double compared to pre-industrial levels.GHG emission mitigation is possible by avoiding their generation,or by emission mitigation technologies.CO2 can be stored/fixed in minerals,rocks,EOR,underground formations,chemicals,and polymeric materials and many more.Polymeric materials also play role in GHG mitigation,and more focus is required on this aspect. | Muhammad Imran Rashid | 2022 | Non-Metallic Material Science2022，4，1： | 0 |
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