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| 1 | IgD class switch recombination is not controlled through the immunoglobulin heavy chain 3′ regulatory region super-enhancer显示文摘In secondary lymphoid organs,mature B cells express membrane immunoglobulin(Ig)of M and D isotypes(IgM and IgD,respectively)of the same specificity through alternative splicing of a pre-mRNA encompassing the VDJ variable region and Cμand Cδheavy chain constant exons.1 After encountering antigen,B cells undergo class switch recombination(CSR)by which the Cμgene is substituted with Cγ,Cεor Cα,thereby generating IgG,IgE and IgA antibodies of the same antigenic specificity but with new effector functions.CSR requires the DNA-editing enzyme activation-induced deaminase(AID). | Hussein Issaoui Nour Ghazzaui Alexis Saintamand Yves Denizot François Boyer | 2017 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2017，14，10： | 6 |
| 2 | The IgH 3′ regulatory region super-enhancer does not control IgA class switch recombination in the B1 lineage显示文摘The bone marrow-derived B2 population represents the vast majority of bone marrow,blood,lymph node and splenic B-cells.Mouse B1 B-cells mostly originate during embryonic life in the liver and represent the main B-cell population in the pleural and peritoneal cavities.1,2,3,4,5 B1 and B2 B-cells differ in their origin,antigen specificity,cell surface markers,tissue distribution and capacity for class switch recombination(CSR).Schematically,B1 B-cells appear earlier than B2 B-cells during fetal development and maintain their self-renewal ability throughout their life. | Hussein Issaoui Nour Ghazzaui Alexis Saintamand Claire Carrion Christelle Oblet Yves Denizot | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，3： | 4 |
| 3 | Uracil-DNA glycosylase is not implicated in the choice of the DNA repair pathway during B-cell class switch recombination显示文摘Mature B-cells express membrane IgM and IgD(of same specificity)through alternative splicing of a pre-mRNA encompassing constant(C)μand Cδgenes.After encountering antigen,Bcells undergo class switch recombination(CSR)that substitutes the Cμgene with Cγ,Cε,or Cα,thereby generating IgG,IgE,and IgA antibodies with the same antigenic specificity but new effector functions.DNA-editing enzyme activation-induced deaminase(AID)is essential for CSR by targeting switch(S)regions preceding Cμ(namely,the Sμdonor region)and the Cγ,Cε,and Cαgenes(namely,the Sγ,ε,αacceptor regions).1,2 CSR is controlled in cis by IgH locus super-enhancers3 and in trans by a wide spectrum of enzymes and proteins.1,2 Among them,the role of the uracil DNA glycosylase(UNG)remains controversial.UNG is a key enzyme of base excision repair,which carries out faithful repair.Some authors estimate that during CSR,the UNG enzymatic activity removes the AID-induced dC to dU converted base of singlestrand DNA,generating abasic sites and leading to DNA strand breaks.1 For other authors,the role of UNG is to stabilize the S–S synapse and to recruit DNA repair factors that facilitate the endjoining process.4,5 Thus,the classical non-homogenous end joining pathway would be increased over the alternative end joining(A-EJ)pathway in UNG-deficient mice,4 suggesting an intriguing role of UNG in promoting the A-EJ pathway. | Nour Ghazzaui Hussein Issaoui Alexis Saintamand Yves Denizot François Boyer | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Class switch recombination junctions are not affected by the absence of the immunoglobulin heavy chain E_(μ) enhancer显示文摘After encountering antigen,B-cells undergo class switch recombination(CSR)that substitutes the constant(C)μgene with Cγ,Cε,or Cα,thereby generating IgG,IgE,and IgA antibodies with new effector functions but the same antigenic specificity.1 The DNA-editing enzyme activation-induced deaminase(AID)is required for CSR by targeting specific DNA switch(S)regions preceding the C region,except Cδ.2 Sμis the donor region,while Sγ,ε,αare the acceptor regions.CSR is controlled in cis by the immunoglobulin heavy chain(IgH)3’regulatory region(3’RR).3 The 3’RR is essential to poise AID on the S acceptor region.During CSR IgH,intrachromosomal interactions(schematized in Fig.1a)are found between the 3’RR and the intronic Eμenhancer.1,4 Looping allows transcriptional binding activators to enhancers to facilitate CSR.However,CSR is only modestly influenced by Eμdeletion.5–7 During CSR,two different DNA repair pathways take place:the classical nonhomologous end joining(c-NHEJ)and the alternative end joining(A-EJ)pathways. | Hussein Issaoui Nour Ghazzaui Mélissa Ferrad François Boyer Yves Denizot | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Trans-silencing effect of the 3′RR immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer on Igκtranscription at the pro-B cell stage显示文摘Due to their impact on nuclear organization,enhancers are master regulators of cell fate.1,2 The immunoglobulin heavy chain(IgH)locus undergoes numerous changes(such as transcription,accessibility,DNA breaks,and mutations)throughout B-cell differentiation.Several of these events are controlled by the IgH 3′regulatory region(3′RR).The 3′RR is the master control element of mature B-cell IgH transcription,3 somatic hypermutation(SHM),4,5 conventional class switch recombination(CSR),4,6–10 and locus suicide recombination(LSR).11 In contrast,the 3′RR is expected to be dispensable for V(D)J recombination.12,13 During Bcell development,the heavy and light chain loci are poised for their VDJ and VJ rearrangements,respectively.The IgH locus rearranges first,with D-J joining at the pro-B-cell stages,followed by V-DJ joining at the pre-B-cell stage.The Igk locus is poised for VJ rearrangements at the pre-B cell stage. | Nour Ghazzaui Hussein Issaoui Ophélie Alyssa Martin Alexis Saintamand Jeanne Cook-Moreau Yves Denizot François Boyer | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，7： | 0 |
| 6 | Retraction Note:Trans-silencing effect of the 3′RR immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer on Igκtranscription at the pro-B cell stage显示文摘The authors have retracted this Correspondence.After the publication of this correspondence,it came to the authors’attention that the control RAG2^(−/−)mouse was a RAG2^(−/−)γc^(−/−)mouse.This point resulted in the conclusions being considered invalid.The authors apologize to the journal and its readers for any inconvenience caused. | Nour Ghazzaui Hussein Issaoui Ophélie Alyssa Martin Alexis Saintamand Jeanne Cook-Moreau Yves Denizot François Boyer | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，8： | 0 |
| 7 | Retraction Note:3′RR and 5′Eμimmunoglobulin heavy chain enhancers are independent engines of locus remodeling显示文摘The authors have retracted this Correspondence.After the publication of this correspondence,it came to the authors’attention that the control RAG2^(−/−)mouse was a RAG2^(−/−)γc^(−/−)mouse.This point resulted in the conclusions being considered invalid.The authors apologize to the journal and its readers for any inconvenience caused. | Nour Ghazzaui Hussein Issaoui François Boyer Ophélie Alyssa Martin Alexis Saintamand Yves Denizot | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，8： | 0 |
| 8 | Molecular analysis of γ1, γ3, and α class switch recombination junctions in APOBEC3-deficient mice using high-throughput sequencing显示文摘Activation-induced deaminase(AID)is required for immunoglobulin(Ig)class switch recombination(CSR),in which the constant(C)μgene of IgM is substituted with C_(γ),C_(ε),or C_(α),thereby generating IgG,IgE,and IgA antibodies,respectively,with new effector functions but the same antigenic specificity.1 AID targets specific DNA switch(S)regions preceding C regions except for Cδ.2 Sμis usually the donor region,while Sγ,ε,αare the acceptor regions.AID deaminates C into U on single-stranded DNA by targeting the WRCY(W=A/T,R=A/G,and Y=C/T)hot motif and,to a lesser extent,the SYC(S=G/C,Y=C/T)cold motif.3,4 AID is a member of the apolipoprotein B editing complex(APOBEC)family.Among APOBEC genes,a family of evolutionarily conserved cytidine deaminases,APOBEC3 is implicated in diverse cell functions including innate immunity against retroviruses.4 The DNA-editing APOBEC3 enzymes have recently attracted attention due to their involvement in cancer and potential applications in gene editing.5–7 While a single copy of each APOBEC3 gene is present in rodents,seven copies of each APOBEC3 gene are found in humans. | Hussein Issaoui Mélissa Ferrad Nour Ghazzaui Sandrine Lecardeur Jeanne Cook-Moreau François Boyer Yves Denizot | 2020 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2020，17，4： | 0 |
| 9 | Deletion of the immunoglobulin heavy chain 3′ regulatory region super-enhancer affects somatic hypermutation in B1 B cells显示文摘Mouse B1 B cells originate in the embryonic liver and are the major B-cell population in the peritoneal and pleural cavities.1–5 By contrast,mouse B2 B cells originate in the bone marrow and are the major B-cell population in the bone marrow,spleen,and blood.B1 and B2 B cells differ not only in their origin and locations,but also in their antigen specificity,cell surface markers,capacities for class-switch recombination(CSR)and somatic hypermutation(SHM).IgH cis-regulatory regions and,particularly,transcriptional super-enhancers are major locus regulators under both normal and pathological conditions.6,7 Important differences have been found regarding the ability of the IgH 3′regulatory region(3′RR)super-enhancer to control the B1 and B2 B-cell fate. | Issaoui Hussein Ghazzaui Nour Boyer François Denizot Yves Saintamand Alexis | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，2： | 0 |
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