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| 1 | Application of immune checkpoint targets in the anti-tumor novel drugs and traditional Chinese medicine development显示文摘Immune checkpoints are the crucial regulators of immune system and play essential roles in maintaining self-tolerance,preventing autoimmune responses,and minimizing tissue damage by regulating the duration and intensity of the immune response.Furthermore,immune checkpoints are usually overexpressed in cancer cells or noninvasive cells in tumor tissues and are capable of suppressing the antitumor response.Based on substantial physiological analyses as well as preclinical and clinical studies,checkpoint molecules have been evaluated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple types of cancers.In the last few years,extensive evidence has supported the immunoregulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).The main advantage of TCMs and natural medicine is that they usually contain multiple active components,which can act on multiple targets at the same time,resulting in additive or synergistic effects.The strong immune regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine on immune checkpoints has also been of great interest.For example,Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides can induce anti-PD-1 antibody responses in animals,and these antibodies can overcome the exhaustion of immune cells under tumor immune evasion.Furthermore,many other TCM molecules could also be novel and effective drug candidates for the treatment of cancers.Therefore,it is essential to assess the application of immune checkpoints in the development of new drugs and TCMs.In this review,we focus on research progress in the field of immune checkpoints based on three topics:(1)immune checkpoint targets and pathways,(2)development of novel immune checkpoint-based drugs,and(3)application of immune checkpoints in the development of TCMs. | Yuli Wang Xingyan Zhang Yuyan Wang Wenjing Zhao Huling Li Lixing Zhang Xinping Li Tiejun Zhang Hongbing Zhang He Huang Changxiao Liu | 2021 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2021，11，10： | 3 |
| 2 | Experimental Study of Effect of Perfluorohexyloctane to Retina显示文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of perfluorohexvloctane to the retina of rabbit eyes.Methods: Perfluoroh-exyloctane (experimental group) or BSS(control group) intovitreous cavities of fifteen vitrectomized New Zealand white rabbits. A slit-lampbiomicroscope and an indirect ophthalmoscope were used to examine all the eyes pre- andpostoperation. Histopathological examination was performed after the rabbits weresacrificed. Results:Perfluorohexyloctane was injected into the vitreous cavity forming a single largeclear globe. No retinal detachment and cataract were found. The edema of outer plexiformlayer was significant, and then get thin, inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell bodies hada darker cytop: lasm and nucleoplasm. Conclusions: Perfluorohexyloctane in vitreous cavity had significant side effects on retinaAs a silicone solvent, it should be removed out completely after injection. We don′trecommend to use it as a new intraocular temponade. | Chunfang Li, Xiaoyan Ding, Lin Lu, Guanguang Feng, Huling ZhengZhongshan Ophthalmic center, Sun Yet-san University, Guangzhou, 510060 , China | 2002 | Eye Science2002，18，1X： | 2 |
| 3 | Experiment Study of Effect of Perfluorohexyloctane on Corneal Endothelial Cells显示文摘Purpose: To investigate the effect of Perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8) on corneal endothelial cells(CEC) of rabbit eyes. Methods: Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were derided into two groups: experimental group(F6H8) and control group(BSS) . All rabbits underwent anterior chamber injection of 0. 15ml F6H8 or BSS. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy and corneal endothelium photography were performed pre-operatively and postoperatively. Histopa-thological examination and Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were done afterthe rabbits were sacrificed. Results : All the corneas were clear. Since 4 weeks after operation , the endothelial cells were markedly irregular in size and shape and the number of endothelial cells was markedly decreased. Multilayered retrocorneal membranes(RCM)grew gradually 2 weeks after surgely. Vacuolar degeneration was seen in some endothelial cells. Nuclear degeneration and edema of plasma were seen in TEM. Conclusion: Corneal endothelial cell degenerated after contacting with F6H8 for 2 -4 weeks. As a silicone solvent, it should be removed completely after injection. We don't recommend it to be used as a new intraocular temponade. Eye Science 2001: 17:21 - 26. | Xiaoyan Ding , Chunfang Li , Lin Lu , Guanguang Feng , Huling ZhengZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510060, China | 2001 | Eye Science2001，17，1： | 0 |
| 4 | Taxifolin attenuates inflammation via suppressing MAPK signal pathway in vitro and in silico analysis显示文摘Objective:Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid compound that can be isolated from onions,grapes,oranges and grapefruit.It also acts as a medicine food homology with extraordinary antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity.This study aims to explain the protective effects and potential mechanisms of taxifolin against inflammatory reaction.Methods:Levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1βand intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)were assessed in different time after the treatment of taxifolin in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Subsequently,the m RNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),cyclooxygenase(COX)-2,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a and the phosphorylation expression levels of the MAPK signal pathway were also evaluated.A silico analysis was used to explain the binding situation for the investigation of taxifolin and MAPK signal pathway.And then MAPK inhibitors were used to reveal the expression level of i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a in RAW264.7 cells.Results:It was demonstrated that cell inflammatory damage induced by LPS was significantly alleviated after the treatment of taxifolin.Then,the m RNA and protein levels of i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a were reduced and the phosphorylation expression levels of the MAPK signal pathway were down-regulated remarkably as well.In silico analysis,taxifolin could form a relatively stable combination with MAPK signal pathway.MAPK inhibitors showed increasing or decreasing effect in the m RNA levels of i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a,which suggesting that taxifolin down-regulated i NOS,VEGF,COX-2 and TNF-a expressions were not entirely through the MAPK pathway.Conclusion:This finding demonstrated that taxifolin improved the inflammatory responses that partly involved in the phosphorylation expression level of MAPK signal pathway in RAW264.7 cells exposed to acute stress. | Xingyan Zhang Xiaoyan Lian Huling Li Wenjing Zhao Xin Li Fujun Zhou Yutong Zhou Tao Cui Yuli Wang Changxiao Liu | 2022 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2022，14，4： | 0 |
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