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| 1 | The clinical impact of bacterial biofilms显示文摘Bacteria survive in nature by forming biofilms on surfaces and probably most, if not all, bacteria (and fungi) are capable of forming biofilms. A biofilm is a structured consortium of bacteria embedded in a self-produced polymer matrix consisting of polysaccharide, protein and extracellular DNA. Bacterial biofilms are resistant to antibiotics, disinfectant chemicals and to phagocytosis and other components of the innate and adaptive inflammatory defense system of the body. It is known, for example, that persistence of staphylococcal infections related to foreign bodies is due to biofilm formation. Likewise, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients are caused by biofilm growing mucoid strains. Gradients of nutrients and oxygen exist from the top to the bottom of biofilms and the bacterial cells located in nutrient poor areas have decreased metabolic activity and increased doubling times. These more or less dormant cells are therefore responsible for some of the tolerance to antibiotics. Biofilm growth is associated with an increased level of mutations. Bacteria in biofilms communicate by means of molecules, which activates certain genes responsible for production of virulence factors and, to some extent, biofilm structure. This phenomenon is called quorum sensing and depends upon the concentration of the quorum sensing molecules in a certain niche, which depends on the number of the bacteria. Biofilms can be prevented by antibiotic prophylaxis or early aggressive antibiotic therapy and they can be treated by chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy. Promising strategies may include the use of compounds which can dissolve the biofilm matrix and quorum sensing inhibitors, which increases biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics and phagocytosis. | Niels Hoiby Oana Ciofu Helle Krogh Johansen Zhi-jun Song Claus Moser Peter Ostrup Jenser Soren Molin Michael Givskov Tim Tolker-Nieisen Thomas Bjamsholt | 2011 | International Journal of Oral Science2011，3，2： | 48 |
| 2 | Current understanding of multi-species biofilms显示文摘Direct observation of a wide range of natural microorganisms has revealed the fact that the majority of microbes persist as surface-attached communities surrounded by matrix materials, called biofilms. Biofilms can be formed by a single bacterial strain. However, most natural biofilms are actually formed by multiple bacterial species. Conventional methods for bacterial cleaning, such as applications of antibiotics and/or disinfectants are often ineffective for biofilm populations due to their special physiology and physical matrix barrier. It has been estimated that billions of dollars are spent every year worldwide to deal with damage to equipment, contaminations of products, energy losses, and infections in human beings resulted from microbial biofilms. Microorganisms compete, cooperate, and communicate with each other in multi-species biofilms. Understanding the mechanisms of multi-species biofilm formation will facilitate the development of methods for combating bacterial biofilms in clinical, environmental, industrial, and agricultural areas. The most recent advances in the understanding of multi-species biofilms are summarized and discussed in the review. | Liang Yang Yang Liu Hong Wu Niels Hoiby Soren Molin Zhi-jun Song | 2011 | International Journal of Oral Science2011，3，2： | 6 |
| 3 | 卡介苗预先免疫对大鼠慢性绿脓杆菌性肺炎的影响显示文摘为了探讨卡介苗 (BCG )预先免疫对大鼠慢性绿脓杆菌 (PA )性肺炎模型的影响。采用BCG或灭菌生理盐水皮内注射预先免疫 3周 ,然后由支气管内予以PA攻击 ;2周后评估各组的肺部细菌学、肺组织病理学、肺部细胞因子 (IL 4、IFN γ、TNF α )反应、血清PA特异性抗体IgG水平的变化。结果显示BCG免疫组肺组织内的IFN γ、TNF α水平显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,肺组织匀浆PA菌落计数明显低于生理盐水对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;肺组织病理改变及血清PA特异性抗体IgG水平两组均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。以上结果提示BCG接种能够诱导肺部Th1型免疫反应 ,加快PA性肺炎大鼠肺部的细菌清除 。 | 郭向华 宋志军 吴红 闫萍 覃雪君 Kalai Mathee Niels Hoiby 唐步坚 仇晓强 陈一强 | 2004 | 现代免疫学2004，24，2： | 4 |
| 4 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the in vitro and in viuo biofilm mode of growth 显示文摘 | Hoiby N Krogh JH Moser C | 2001 | Microbes Infect2001，3，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Class A carbapenemases显示文摘 | Walther-Rasmussen J Hoiby N | 2007 | J Antimicrob Chemother2007，60，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the in vitro and in vivo biofilm mode of growth 显示文摘 | Hoiby N Krogh J H Moser C | 2001 | Microbes Infect2001，3，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Itraconazole treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis显示文摘 | Skov M Hoiby N Koch C | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Towards biochips using microstructured optical fiber sensors显示文摘 | Lars Riedorf Poul Erik Hoiby Jesper Bo Jensen | 2006 | Anal Bioanal Chem2006，385，： | 1 |
| 9 | Class A carbapenemases 显示文摘 | Walther-Rasmussen J Hoiby N | 2007 | J Antimicrob Chemother2007，60，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Induction of be- ta- lactamase production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bio- film显示文摘 | Giwercman B Jensen ET Hoiby N | 1991 | Antimicrob Agents Chemother1991，35，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Class A carbapenemases显示文摘 | Walther-Rasmussen J Hoiby N | 2007 | J Antimicrob Chemother2007，60，3： | 1 |
| 12 | The Bacillus cereus bceT enterotoxin sequence reappraised显示文摘 | HANSEN B M HOIBY P E JENSEN G B | 2003 | FEMS Microbiology Letters2003，223，1： | 1 |
| 13 | OXA-type carbapenemases 显示文摘 | Jan Walther-Rasmussen Niels Hoiby | 2006 | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy2006，57，3： | 1 |
| 14 | OXA-type carbapenemases 显示文摘 | Walther-Rasmussen J Hoiby H N | 2006 | J Antimicrob Chemother2006，57，3： | 1 |
| 15 | OXA-type carbapenemases 显示文摘 | Walther-Rasmussen J Hoiby N | 2006 | J Antimicrob Chemother2006，57，3： | 1 |
| 16 | OXA-type carbapenemases显示文摘 | Walther-Rasmussen J Hoiby N | 2006 | J Antimicrob Chemother2006，57，3： | 1 |
| 17 | OXA-type carbapenemases 显示文摘 | Jan W R Hoiby N | 2006 | JAntimicrob Chemother2006，57，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Aminoethyl-isothiourea, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and oxygen radical scavenger, improves survival and counteracts hemodynamic deterioration in a porcine model of streptococcal shock显示文摘 | Saetre T Hoiby EA Aspelin T | 2000 | Crit Care Med2000，28，： | 1 |
| 19 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the in vitro and in vivo biofilm mode of growth显示文摘 | Hoiby N Krogh J H Moser C | 2001 | Microbes Infect2001，3，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis显示文摘 | Koch C Hoiby N | 1993 | Lancet1993，341，8852： | 1 |
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