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| 1 | Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors显示文摘Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease entity.Radiation offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor prognosis.However,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose regimen.This article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy guidelines.Specific patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with radiation.Indeed,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special consideration.Implementing a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint selection.Strategies to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(ITV) expansions,non-gated ITV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or tracking.Localization of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin management.Finally,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies. | Michael I Lock Jonathan Klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward Y Kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S Lo | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，14： | 2 |
| 2 | Distinct patterns of inactivation of p15INK4B and p16INK4A characterize the major types of hematological malignancies 显示文摘 | Herman J G Civin C I Issa J P | 1997 | Cancer research1997，57，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Laser-induced thermal desorption as an in situ surface probe during plasma processing显示文摘 | Herman I P Donnelly V M Guinn K V | 1994 | Phys Rev Lett1994，72，17： | 1 |
| 4 | 显示文摘 | Herman J Vincke J | 2003 | Environ Sci Technol2003，37，18： | 1 |
| 5 | Water Uptake Effects in Resins based on Alkenyl Modified Cyanate Es- ter - bismaleimide Blends显示文摘 | Hamerton I Herman H Reesk T | 2001 | Polymer International2001，50，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Multivariate analysis of spectra of cyanate ester/ bismaleimide blends and correlations with properties 显示文摘 | Hamerton I Herman H Mudhar A K Chaplin A Shaw S J | 2002 | Polymer2002，43，11： | 1 |
| 7 | Multivariate analysis of spectra of cyanate ester/bismaleimide blends and correlations with properties显示文摘 | Hamerton I Herman H Mudhar A H et at | 2002 | Polymer2002，43，11： | 1 |
| 8 | A Two-fluid Approach to Town Traffic 显示文摘 | Herman R Prigogine I | 1979 | Science1979，204，14： | 1 |
| 9 | Dendritic cells:a journey from laboratory to clinic显示文摘 | Cerundolo V Hermans I F Salio M | 2004 | Nature Immunology2004，5，1： | 1 |
| 10 | The influence of water depth on the hydroelastic response of a very large floating platform 显示文摘 | Andrianov A I Hermans A J | 2003 | Marine Structures2003，16，： | 1 |
| 11 | Multivariate Logistic Analysis of Risk Factors for Stroke in Tilburg,the Netherlands显示文摘 | Herman B Schmitz P I Leyten A C | 1983 | Am J Epidemiol1983，118，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization:a survey显示文摘 | HERMAN I MELANCON G MARSHALL M S | 2000 | IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics2000，6，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Tolerance exists towards resident intestinal flora but is broker in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 显示文摘 | I Kaiser E Herman | 1995 | Clin Exp Immunnal1995，102，： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of saxagliptin added to sub- maximal doses of metformin compared with uptitration of metfomain in type 2 diabetes:the PROMPT study显示文摘 | Hermans MP Delibasi T Farmer I | 2012 | Curt Med Res Opin2012，28，10： | 1 |
| 15 | The importance of thermal stresses and strains induced in laser processing with focused Gaussian beams显示文摘 | Welsh L P Tuchman J A Herman I P | 1988 | J Appl Phys1988，64，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Randomised comparison of morbidity after D1 and D2 dissection for 8astrlc cancer in 996 Dutch patients显示文摘 | Bonenkamp JJ Songun I Hermans J | 1995 | Lancet1995，345，8952： | 1 |
| 17 | Virtual reality for gait training:can it induce motor learning to enhance complex walking and reduce fall risk in patients with Parkinson's disease?显示文摘 | Mirelman A Maidan I Herman T | 2011 | J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2011，66，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Association between plasma CC16 levels,the A38G polymorphism,and asthma显示文摘 | HERMANS C BERNARD A | 2000 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med2000，161，： | 1 |
| 19 | A two-fluid approach to town traffic 显示文摘 | Herman R Prigogine I | 1979 | Science1979，2114，4389： | 1 |
| 20 | Mechanisms of normal and tumor-derived angiogenesis 显示文摘 | PAPETTI M HERMAN I M | 2002 | Am J Physiol Cell Physiol2002，282，5： | 1 |
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