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| 1 | Extracellular vesicles as mediators of vascular inflammation in kidney disease显示文摘Vascular inflammation is a common cause of renal impairment and a major cause of morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease. Current studies consistently show an increase of extracellular vesicles(EVs) in acute vasculitis and in patients with atherosclerosis. Recent research has elucidated mechanisms that mediate vascular wall leukocyte accumulation and differentiation. This review addresses the role of EVs in this process. Part one of this review addresses functional roles of EVs in renal vasculitis. Most published data address anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA) associated vasculitis and indicate that the number of EVs, mostly of platelet origin, is increased in active disease. EVs generated from neutrophils by activation by ANCA can contribute to vessel damage. While EVs are also elevated in other types of autoimmune vasculitis with renal involvement such as systemic lupus erythematodes, functional consequences beyond intravascular thrombosis remain to be established. In typical hemolytic uremic syndrome secondary to infection with shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli, EV numbers are elevated and contribute to toxin distribution into the vascular wall. Part two addresses mechanisms how EVs modulate vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis, a process that is aggravated in uremia. Elevated numbers of circulating endothelial EVs were associated with atherosclerotic complications in a number of studies in patients with and without kidney disease. Uremic endothelial EVs are defective in induction of vascular relaxation. Neutrophil adhesion and transmigration and intravascular thrombus formation are critically modulated by EVs, a process that is amenable to therapeutic interventions. EVs can enhance monocyte adhesion to the endothelium and modulate macrophage differentiation and cytokine production with major influence on the local inflammatory milieu in the plaque. They significantly influence lipid phagocytosis and antigen presentation by mononuclear phagocytes. Finally, platelet, erythrocyte and monocyte EVs cooperate in shaping adaptive T cell immunity. Future research is needed to define changes in uremic EVs and their differential effects on inflammatory leukocytes in the vessel wall. | Alexandra Helmke Sibylle von Vietinghoff | 2016 | World Journal of Nephrology2016，5，2： | 2 |
| 2 | Existence and uniqueness results for neural network approximation 显示文摘 | Willamson R C Helmke U | 1995 | IEEE Trans on Neural Networks1995，6，1： | 1 |
| 3 | SM22β encodes a lineage-restricted cytoskeletal protein with a unique developmentally regulated pattern of expression显示文摘 | Zhang JCL Helmke BP Shum A | 2002 | Mech Develop2002，115，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Fundamentals of transorbital sonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath expansion under intracranial hypertension II patient study显示文摘 | Helmke K Hansen H | 1996 | Pediatr Radiol1996，26，： | 1 |
| 5 | Heparanase expression at the invasion front of human head and neck cancers and correlation with poor prognosis显示文摘 | Beckhove P Helmke BM Ziouta Y | 2005 | Clin Cancer Res2005，11，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Methane production in aerobic oligotrophic surface water in the central Arctic Ocean 显示文摘 | Damm E Helmke E Thoms S | 2010 | Biogeosciees2010，7，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect of convection on osteoblastic cell growth and function in bio-degradable polymer foam scaffolds 显示文摘 | Goldstein AS Juarez TM Helmke CD | 2001 | Biomaterials2001，22，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Deleted in malignant brain tumorsl is a versatile muein-like moleeule likely to play a differential rolein digestive tract cancer显示文摘 | Mollenhauer J Herbertz S Helmke B | 2001 | Cancer Res2001，61，24： | 1 |
| 9 | Short- and long-termresults of liver transplantation in infants aged less than 6 months显示文摘 | Grabhorn E Schulz A Helmke K | 2004 | Transplantation2004，78，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Anti-cancer and antibacterial trioxacarcins with high anti-malaria activity from a marine streptomycete and their absolute stereochemistry 显示文摘 | Maskey R P Helmke E Kayser O | 2004 | J Antibiot2004，57，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Quadratically convergent algorithms for optimal dextrous hand grasping显示文摘 | Helmke U Huper K Moore J B | 2002 | IEEE Trans Robotics and Automation2002，18，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Careinogen indueibility in vivo and down regulation of DMBT1 during breast careinogenesi显示文摘 | Mollenhauer J Helmke B Medina D | 2004 | Genes Chromosomes Cancer2004，39，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Parimyein: Isolation and structure elucidation of a novel cytotoxie 2,3-di-hydro-quinizarin analogue of gamma-indomycinone from a marine streptomycete isolate 显示文摘 | Maskey R P Helmke E Fiebig H H | 2002 | J Antibiot2002，55，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Bezoutians,Linear Algebra and its Applications显示文摘 | HELMKE U FUHRMANN P A | 1989 | 22(124)1989，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Heparanase expression at the invasion front of human head and neck cancers and correlation with poor prognosis显示文摘 | Beckhove P Helmke BM Ziouta Y | 2005 | Clin Cancer Res2005，11，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Frequent downregulation of DMBT1 and galeetin-3 in epithelial skin cancer显示文摘 | Mollenhauer J Deichmann M Helmke B | 2003 | Int J Cancer2003，105，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Sequential changes of the DMBT1 expression and location in normal lung tissue and lung carcinomas显示文摘 | Mollenhauer J Helmke B Müller H | 2002 | Genes Chromosomes Cancer2002，35，： | 1 |
| 18 | SedimentColor record from the Northeast Atlantic reveals patterns of millennial-scale climate variability during the past 500000 years显示文摘 | Jan P Helmke Michael Schulz Henning A Bauch | | 0，，57： | 1 |
| 19 | Determination of trace element concentration of sediments by multielemental analysis of clay-size fractions显示文摘 | Helmke P A Koons R D Sehmber P J | 1977 | Environment science and Technology1977，11，： | 1 |
| 20 | A continuous alveolar macrophage cell line:comparisons with freshly derived alveolar macrophages显示文摘 | Helmke RJ German VF Mangos JA | 1989 | In Vitro Cell Dev Biol1989，25，： | 1 |
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