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| 1 | Stem cell therapy for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction in primary hypogonadism显示文摘The production of testosterone occurs within the Leydig cells of the testes. When production fails at this level from either congenital, acquired, or systemic disorders,the result is primary hypogonadism. While numerous testosterone formulations have been developed, none are yet fully capable of replicating the physiological patterns of testosterone secretion. Multiple stem cell therapies to restore androgenic function of the testes are under investigation. Leydig cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and the testes have shown promise for future therapy for primary hypogonadism. In particular, the discovery and utilization of a group of progenitor stem cells within the testes, known as stem Leydig cells(SLCs), has led not only to a better understanding of testicular development, but of treatment as well. When combining this with an understanding of the mechanisms that lead to Leydig cell dysfunction, researchers and physicians will be able to develop stem cell therapies that target the specific step in the steroidogenic process that is deficient. The current preclinical studies highlight the complex nature of regenerating this steroidogenic process and the problems remain unresolved. In summary, there appears to be two current directions for stem cell therapy in male primary hypogonadism. The first method involves differentiating adult Leydig cells from stem cells of various origins from bone marrow, adipose, or embryonic sources. The second method involves isolating, identifying, and transplanting stem Leydig cells into testicular tissue. Theoretically, in-vivo re-activation of SLCs in men with primary hypogonadism due to age would be another alternative method to treat hypogonadism while eliminating the need for transplantation. | Taylor C Peak Nora M Haney William Wang Kenneth J DeLay Wayne J Hellstrom | 2016 | World Journal of Stem Cells2016，8，10： | 5 |
| 2 | Appetite signaling: From gut peptides and enteric nerves to brain显示文摘 | Naslund E Hellstrom P M | 2007 | Physiology and Behavior2007，92，12： | 1 |
| 3 | The HE4 (WFDC2) protein is a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma 显示文摘 | Hellstrom I Raycraft J Schummer M | 2003 | Cancer Res2003，63，： | 1 |
| 4 | A survey on incidence and factors that May influence first postoperative urination显示文摘 | Ringdal M Borg B Hellstrom AL | 2003 | Urol Nurs2003，23，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Vardenafil:a novel type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction显示文摘 | KENDIRCI M BIVALACQUA T J HELLSTROM W J | 2004 | Expert Opin Pharmacother2004，5，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Look ahead control for heavy trucks to minimize trip time and fuel consumption 显示文摘 | Hellstrom E Ivarsson M Aslund J | 2008 | Control Engineering Practice2008，17，24： | 1 |
| 7 | Demonstration of an association between detection of IgG antibody reactivity towards the C-terminal region of the preS1 protein of hepatitis B virus and the capacity to respond to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B显示文摘 | Hellstrom U Lindh M Krogsgaard K | 2008 | J Gastroenterol Hepatol2008，23，5： | 1 |
| 8 | The HE4(WFDC2) protein is a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma 显示文摘 | Hellstrom I Haycraft J Hayden -Ledbetter M et ai | 2003 | Cancer Res2003，63，13： | 1 |
| 9 | Imaging of renal scarring 显示文摘 | Stokland E Hellstrom M Jakobsson B | 1999 | Acta Paediatr1999，88，431： | 1 |
| 10 | Corrections to 'growth of lanthanum mangnate buffer layers for coated conductors via a metal-organic decomposition process'显示文摘 | VENKATARAMAN K HELLSTROM E E PARANTHAMAN M | | 0，，2： | 1 |
| 11 | The HE4 (WFDC2) pro- tein is a biomarker for ovarian earcinoma显示文摘 | Hellstrom I Raycraft J Hayden M | 2003 | Cancer Res2003，63，13： | 1 |
| 12 | Demonstration of an association between detection of IgG antibody reactivity towards the C-terminal region of the preS1 protein of hepatitis B virus and the capacity to respond to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis显示文摘 | HELLSTROM U LINDH M KIM I | 2007 | J Gastroenterol Hepatol2007，23，： | 1 |
| 13 | CFD- modelling of natural convection in a groundwater- filled borehole Heat exchanger显示文摘 | Gustafsson A M Westerlund L Hellstrom G | 2010 | Applied Thermal Engineering2010，30，6： | 1 |
| 14 | D114 signalling through Notchl regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis显示文摘 | Hellstrom M Phng LK Hofmann J | 2007 | Nature2007，455，： | 1 |
| 15 | Voiding pattern in healthy children 0 to 3 years old: a longitudinal study显示文摘 | Jansson UB Hanson M Hanson E Hellstrom AL Sillen U | 2000 | J Urol2000，164，6： | 1 |
| 16 | The HE4 (WFDC2) protein is a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma 显示文摘 | Hellstrom I Raycraft J Hayden-Ledbetter M | 2003 | Cancer Res2003，63，13： | 1 |
| 17 | Amplitude integrated EEG 3 and 6 hours after birth in full term neonates with hypoxicisehaemic encephalopathy 显示文摘 | Toet M C Hellstrom Westas L Groenendaal F | 1999 | Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed1999，81，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Injuries in the adolescent porcine spine exposed to mechanical compression 显示文摘 | Lundin O Ekstrom L Hellstrom M | 1998 | Spine1998，23，23： | 1 |
| 19 | Gene therapy for cancer using single-chain Fv fragments specific for 4-1BB 显示文摘 | Ye Z Hellstrom I Hayden-Ledbetter M | 2002 | Nat Med2002，8，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Health care professionals expe- riences of parental presence and participation in neonatal intensive care unit显示文摘 | Wigert H Berg M Hellstrom AL | 2007 | Inter J Qualit Stud Health Well - Being2007，2，1： | 1 |
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