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| 1 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment显示文摘Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and longterm neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia.Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake,gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia.Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic,euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and,if present,sodium deficit,and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia.Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components,solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration,which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level. | Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Nephrology2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Isolation of kappa-carrageenan oligosaecharides using ion-pair liquid chromatography-eharacterisation by eleetrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in positive-ion mode 显示文摘 | ANTONOPOULOS A FAVETTA P HELBERT W | 2004 | Carbohydrate Research2004，339，7： | 1 |
| 5 | High-Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy of Native Valonia Cellulose I Micro crystals显示文摘 | Andrew A Baker William Helbert Junji Sugiyama | 1997 | Journal of Structure Biology1997，119，： | 1 |
| 6 | Surface structure of native cellulose microcrystals by AFM显示文摘 | A.A. Baker W. Helbert J. Sugiyama M.J. Miles | 1998 | Applied Physics A Materials Science & Processing1998，，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Internal structure of the starch granule revealed by AFM显示文摘 | Baker AA Miles MJ Helbert W | 2001 | Carbohyd Res2001，330，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Autoanti-bodies to interferon-gamma in a patient with selective susceptibili-ty to mycobacterial infection and organ-specific autoimmunity显示文摘 | Doffinger R Helbert MR Barcenas-Morales G | 2004 | Clin Infect Dis2004，38，1： | 1 |
| 9 | New insight into cellulose structure by atomic force microscopy shows the Iα crystal phase at near-atomic reolution显示文摘 | Baker A A Helbert W Sugiyama J Miles M J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 10 | The structural bases of the processive degradation of t-carrageenan, a main cell wall polysaccharide of red algae显示文摘 | Michel G Helbert W Kahn R | 2003 | J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol2003，334，： | 1 |
| 11 | Stochastic and deterministic models for nucleation and growth in non-isothermal and/or non-isobaric powder transformations 显示文摘 | HELBERT C TOUBOUL E PERRIN S CARRARO L PIJOLAT M | 2004 | Chemical Engineering Science2004，59，： | 1 |
| 12 | Internal structure of the Starch Granule Revealed by AFM显示文摘 | Andrew A Baker Mervyn J Miles William Helbert | 2001 | Carbohydrate Research2001，330，： | 1 |
| 13 | Effects of age,gender,and immunosuppressive agents on in vivo toll-like receptor pathway responses显示文摘 | Khan N Summers CW Helbert MR | 2010 | Hum Immunol2010，71，4： | 1 |
| 14 | New insight into cellulose structure by atomic force microscopy shows the Ia crystal phase at near-atomic resolution显示文摘 | Baker A A Helbert W Sugiyama J | 2000 | Biophysical Journal2000，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Antisense and sense expression of a sucrose binding protein homologue gene from soybean in transgenic tobacco affects plant growth and carbohydratepartitioning in leaves显示文摘 | Joao Helbert F Pedra Nelson Delu'-Filho | 2000 | Plant Science2000，152，： | 1 |
| 16 | 3-D discrete analytical ridgelet transform显示文摘 | HELBERT D | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing2006，15，12： | 1 |
| 17 | High-resolution atomic force microscopy of native Valonia cellulose I mieroerystals显示文摘 | Baker A A Helbert W Sugiyama J | 1997 | Journal of Structural Biology1997，119，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Development of a diagnostic method for detecting increased muscle protein degradation in patients with catabolic conditions显示文摘 | Biruh TW Helbert RB Liping Z | 2006 | J Am Soc Nephrol2006，17，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Surface structure of native cellulose microcrystals by AFM显示文摘 | Baker A A Helbert W Sugiyama J | 1998 | Applied Physics A Materials Science & Processing1998，66，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Relationships between endosonographic appearance and clinical or manometric features in patients with achalasia显示文摘 | Marc Barthet Pierre Mambrini Patrick Audibert Christian Boustière Thierry Helbert Jean-Guy Bertolino Jacques Peyrot Jacques Salducci Jean-Charles Grimaud | 1998 | European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology1998，，7： | 1 |
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