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| 1 | Growth and physiological responses of Agriophyllum squarrosum to sand burial stress显示文摘Agriophyllum squarrosum is an annual desert plant widely distributed on mobile and semi-mobile dunes in all the sandy deserts of China. We studied the growth and physiological properties of A. squarrosum seedlings under different sand burial depths in 2010 and 2011 at Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia to understand the ability and mechanism that A. squarrosum withstands sand burial. The results showed that A. squarrosum had a strong ability to withstand sand burial. Its survival rate, plant height and biomass increased significantly at a burial depth 25% of seedling height and decreased significantly only when the burial depth exceeded the height of the seedlings; some plants still survived even if the burial depth reached 266% of a seedling height. The malondialdehyde(MDA) content and membrane permeability of the plant did not change significantly as long as the burial depth was not greater than the seedling height; lipid peroxidation increased and cell membranes were damaged if the burial depth was increased further. When subjected to sand burial stress, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) activities and free proline content increased in the seedlings, while the catalase(CAT) activity and soluble sugar content decreased. Sand burial did not lead to water stress. Reductions in photosynthetic area and cell membrane damage caused by sand burial may be the major mechanisms increasing mortality and inhibiting growth of the seedling. But the increases in SOD and POD activities and proline content must play a certain role in reducing sand burial damage. | Jin LI Hao QU HaLin ZHAO RuiLian ZHOU JianYing YUN ChengChen PAN | 2015 | Journal of Arid Land2015，7，1： | 5 |
| 2 | The Relationship between Vacation Factor and Socio- demographic and Traveling Characteristics: The Case Japanese Leisure Travelers 显示文摘 | Vincont C Heung S Halin Qu | 2001 | Tourism Managment2001，22，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Effects of sand burial on dune plants: a review显示文摘Burial of different growth stages of plants(e.g., adult plants, seedlings and seeds) is frequent in dune ecosystems. The soil micro-environment, which differs from surface conditions, influences the survival and growth of dune plants. To sum up knowledge about the survival mechanisms of plants under sand burial and to promote practical rehabilitation of dune vegetation, we reviewed relevant published literature and concluded that:(1) Focus in recent years has been on impacts of sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence. Generally, shallow burial increased seed germination and seedling emergence, but deeper burial was negative. Buried at the same depth, large seeds showed higher germination and seedling emergence rates, attributed to larger energy reserves.(2) Survival, growth and reproduction rates of dune plants show plasticity in response to sand burial. Long-term deep burial is fatal because it creates a physical barrier which overcomes the vertical growth of plants, reduces photosynthetic leaf area, and limits oxygen availability to roots. Modest burial, on the other hand, is advantageous for growth and reproduction of many dune plants, due to protection from excessive temperature and drought.(3) There are few reports concerning effects of sand burial on plant physiology, but a limited number of studies indicate that partial burial increases water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rates. The antioxidant protective enzyme system and osmolyte balance were reported to be involved in the mechanisms of dune plant resistance to burial. | Hao Qu HaLin Zhao RuiLian Zhou | 2014 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2014，6，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Effects of sand burial on survival and growth of Artemisia halodendron and its physiological response显示文摘There is a great deal of literature on the effects of sand burial upon the survival and growth of desert plants, but the physiological adaption mechanisms of desert plants to sand burial have as yet rarely been studied. Artemisia halodendron is widely distributed in the semi-arid deserts of China and is a dominant species in semi-moving dune vegetation. The growth and physiological properties of A. halodendron seedlings under different sand burial depths were studied in 2010 and 2011 in the Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia, to better understand the ability and physiological mechanism by which desert plants withstand sand burial. The results showed that A. halodendron as a prammophyte species had a stronger ability to withstand sand burial compared to non-prammophytes, with some plants still surviving even if buried to a depth reaching 225% of seedling height. Although seedling growth was inhibited significantly once the depth of sand burial reached 50% of the seedling height, seedling survival did not decrease significantly until the burial depth exceeded 100% of the seedling height. Sand burial did not result in significant water stress or MDA(Malondialdehyde) accumulation in the seedlings, but membrane permeability increased significantly when the burial depth exceeded 100% of the seedling height. After being subjected to sand burial stress, POD(Peroxidase) activity and proline content increased significantly, but SOD(Superoxide Dismutase) and POD activities and soluble sugar content did not. The primary mechanism resulting in increased mortality and growth inhibition were that cell membranes were damaged and photosynthetic area decreased when subjected to the severe stress of sand burial, while proline and POD played key roles in osmotic adjustment and protecting cell membranes from damage, respectively. | HaLin Zhao Hao Qu RuiLian Zhou JianYing Yun Jin Li | 2015 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2015，7，1： | 0 |
| 5 | Effects of sand burial on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in northern China显示文摘Growth and physiological responses of wheat to sand burial were studied in Horqin Sandy Land, to determine the impact on productivity and survival as well as antioxidant enzymes responses. This study consisted of one control(no sand) and four sand burial treatments: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of seedling height, respectively. Minor burial(25%) had no effect on wheat growth and survival; deep burial(100%) was fatal, and the others had an intermediate effect. Thus, the survival limit to sand burial was equal to seedling height. Sand burial mainly decreased shoot biomass and crop yield, but had small effects on belowground biomass. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity increased with time after burial in all treatments with surviving plants. Peroxidase(POD) activity increased after six days under burial, and catalase(CAT) activity decreased after burial, but recovered after 12 days. The concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA), a marker for oxidative stress, was low on the sixth day, but increased thereafter with burial depth. Thus, sand burial >25% should be avoided due to growth rate reduction leading to reduced crop yield, and even 25% burial showed physiological indicators of stress. | Hao Qu HaLin Zhao RuiLian Zhou Jin Li ChengChen Pan | 2015 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2015，7，1： | 0 |
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