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| 1 | Numerical Investigation of Rotating Stall in Centrifugal Compressor with Vaned and Vaneless Diffuser显示文摘This study presents a numerical simulation of the stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor and presents a description of the stall development in two different cases.The first case is for a compressor with vaneless diffuser and the second is for a compressor with vaned diffuser of the vane island shape.The main aim of this study is to compare the flow characteristics and behavior for the two compressors near the surge operating condition and provide further understanding of the diffuser role when back flow occurs at surge.Results showed that for a location near the diffuser entrance,the amplitude of the static pressure fluctuations for the vaneless diffuser case is higher than that for the vaned diffuser case near surge condition.These pressure fluctuations in the case of the vaneless diffuser appear with a gradual decrease of the mean pressure value as a part of the surge cycle.While for the case of the vaned diffuser,the pressure drop during surge occurs faster than the case of the vaneless diffuser.Also,results indicated that during surge in the case of vaneless diffuser,there is a region with low velocity and back flow that appears as a layer connecting all impeller passages near shroud surface and this layer develops in size with time.On the other hand,for the case of vaned diffuser during surge,the low velocity regions appear in random locations in some passages and these regions expand with time towards the shroud surface.Results showed that during stall,the impeller passages are exposed to identical impact from stall cells in the case of vaneless diffuser while the stall effect varies from passage to another in the case of the vaned diffuser. | Taher Halawa Mohamed Alqaradawi Mohamed S.Gadala Ibrahim Shahin Osama Badr | 2015 | Journal of Thermal Science2015，24，4： | 6 |
| 2 | Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders:Current concepts and future therapeutic approaches显示文摘Transplant recipients are vulnerable to a higher risk of malignancy after solid organ transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant.Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders(PTLD)include a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from benign proliferation of lymphoid tissues to frank malignancy with aggressive behavior.Two main risk factors of PTLD are:Firstly,the cumulative immunosuppressive burden,and secondly,the oncogenic impact of the Epstein-Barr virus.The latter is a key pathognomonic driver of PTLD evolution.Over the last two decades,a considerable progress has been made in diagnosis and therapy of PTLD.The treatment of PTLD includes reduction of immunosuppression,rituximab therapy,either isolated or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents,adoptive therapy,surgical intervention,antiviral therapy and radiotherapy.In this review we shall discuss the prevalence,clinical clues,prophylactic measures as well as the current and future therapeutic strategies of this devastating disorder. | Fedaey Abbas Mohsen El Kossi Ihab Sakr Shaheen Ajay Sharma Ahmed Halawa | 2020 | World Journal of Transplantation2020，10，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Human leukocyte antigen typing and crossmatch:A comprehensive review显示文摘Renal transplantation remains the best option for patients suffering from end stage renal disease(ESRD).Given the worldwide shortage of organs and growing population of patients with ESRD,those waitlisted for a transplant is ever expanding.Contemporary crossmatch methods and human leukocyte antigen(HLA) typing play a pivotal role in improving organ allocation and afford better matches to recipients.Understanding crossmatch as well as HLA typing for renal transplantation and applying it in clinical practice is the key step to achieve a successful outcome.Interpretation of crossmatch results can be quite challenging where clinicians have not had formal training in applied transplant immunology.This review aims to provide a worked example using a clinical vignette.Furthermore,each technique is discussed in detail with its pros and cons.The index case is that of a young male with ESRD secondary to Lupus nephritis.He is offered a deceased donor kidney with a 1-0-0 mismatch.His complement dependent cytotoxicity(CDC) crossmatch reported positive for B lymphocyte,but flow cytometry crossmatch(FCXM) was reported negative for both B and T lymphocytes.Luminex-SAB(single antigen bead) did not identify any donor specific antibodies(DSA).He never had a blood transfusion.The positive CDCcrossmatch result is not concordant with DSA status.These implausible results are due to underlying lupus erythematosus,leading to false-positive B-lymphocyte crossmatch as a result of binding immune complexes to Fc-receptors.False positive report of CDC crossmatch can be caused by the underlying autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus,that may lead to inadvertent refusal of adequate kidney grafts.Detailed study of DSA by molecular technique would prevent wrong exclusion of such donors.Based on these investigations this patient is deemed to have 'standard immunological risk' for renal transplantation. | Mohammed Mahdi Althaf Mohsen El Kossi Jon Kim Jin Ajay Sharma Ahmed Mostafa Halawa | 2017 | World Journal of Transplantation2017，7，6： | 5 |
| 4 | Utility of central venous pressure measurement in renal transplantation: Is it evidence based?显示文摘Adequate intravenous fluid therapy is essential in renal transplant recipients to ensure a good allograft perfusion. Central venous pressure(CVP) has been cons-idered the corners-tone to guide the fluid therapy for decades; it was the only available simple tool worldwide. However, the revolutionary advances in assessing the dynamic preload variables together with the availability of new equipment to precisely measure the effect of intravenous fluids on the cardiac output had created a question mark on the future role of CVP. Des-pite the critical role of fluid therapy in the field of tra-nsplantation. There are only a few clinical studies that compared the CVP guided fluid therapy with the other modern techniques and their relation to the outcome in renal transplantation. Our work sheds some light on the available published data in renal transplantation, together with data from other disciplines evaluating the utility of central venous pressure measurement. Although lager well-designed studies are still required to consolidate the role of new techniques in the field of renal transplantation, we can confidently declare that the new techniques have the advantages of providing more accurate haemodynamic assessment, which results in a better patient outcome. | Ahmed Aref Tariq Zayan Ajay Sharma Ahmed Halawa | 2018 | World Journal of Transplantation2018，8，3： | 4 |
| 5 | De novo glomerular diseases after renal transplantation:How is it different from recurrent glomerular diseases?显示文摘The glomerular diseases after renal transplantation can occur de novo,i.e.,with no relation to the native kidney disease,or more frequently occur as a recurrence of the original disease in the native kidney.There may not be any difference in clinical features and histological pattern between de novo glomerular disease and recurrence of original glomerular disease.However,structural alterations in transplanted kidney add to dilemma in diagnosis.These changes in architecture of histopathology can happen due to:(1) exposure to the immunosuppression specifically the calcineurin inhibitors(CNI);(2) in vascular and tubulointerstitial alterations as a result of antibody mediated or cellmediated immunological onslaught;(3) post-transplant viral infections;(4) ischemia-reperfusion injury; and(5) hyperfiltration injury.The pathogenesis of the de novo glomerular diseases differs with each type.Stimulation of B-cell clones with subsequent production of the monoclonal Ig G,particularly Ig G3 subtype that has higher affinity to the negatively charged glomerular tissue,is suggested to be included in PGNMID pathogenesis.De novo membranous nephropathy canbe seen after exposure to the cryptogenic podocyte antigens.The role of the toxic effects of CNI including tissue fibrosis and the hemodynamic alterations may be involved in the de novo FSGS pathophysiology.The well-known deleterious effects of HCV infection and its relation to MPGN disease are frequently reported.The new concepts have emerged that demonstrate the role of dysregulation of alternative complement pathway in evolution of MPGN that led to classifying into two subgroups,immune complex mediated MPGN and complement-mediated MPGN.The latter comprises of the dense deposit disease and the C3 GN disease.De novo C3 disease is rather rare.Prognosis of de novo diseases varies with each type and their management continues to be empirical to a large extent. | Fedaey Abbas Mohsen El Kossi Jon Kim Jin Ajay Sharma Ahmed Halawa | 2017 | World Journal of Transplantation2017，7，6： | 4 |
| 6 | Thrombotic microangiopathy after renal transplantation: Current insights in de novo and recurrent disease显示文摘Thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA) is one of the most devastating sequalae of kidney transplantation. A number of published articles have covered either de novo or recurrent TMA in an isolated manner. We have, hereby, in this article endeavored to address both types of TMA in a comparative mode. We appreciate that de novo TMA is more common and its prognosis is poorer than recurrent TMA; the latter has a genetic background, with mutations that impact disease behavior and, consequently, allograft and patient survival. Post-transplant TMA can occur as a recurrence of the disease involving the native kidney or as de novo disease with no evidence of previous involvement before transplant. While atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is a rare disease that results from complement dysregulation with alternative pathway overactivity, de novo TMA is a heterogenous set of various etiologies and constitutes the vast majority of post-transplant TMA cases. Management of both diseases varies from simple maneuvers, e.g., plasmapheresis, drug withdrawal or dose modification, to lifelong complement blockade, which is rather costly. Careful donor selection and proper recipient preparation, including complete genetic screening, would be a pragmatic approach. Novel therapies, e.g., purified products of the deficient genes, though promising in theory, are not yet of proven value. | Fedaey Abbas Mohsen El Kossi Jon Jin Kim Ajay Sharma Ahmed Halawa | 2018 | World Journal of Transplantation2018，8，5： | 4 |
| 7 | Recurrence of primary glomerulonephritis:Review of the current evidence显示文摘In view of the availability of new immunosuppression strategies,the recurrence of allograft glomerulonephritis(GN) are reported to be increasing with time post transplantation.Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of the GN recurrent disease provided a better chance to develop new strategies to deal with the GN recurrence.Recurrent GN diseases manifest with a variable course,stubborn behavior,and poor response to therapy.Some types of GN lead to rapid decline of kidney function resulting in a frustrating return to maintenance dialysis.This subgroup of aggressive diseases actually requires intensive efforts to ascertain their pathogenesis so that strategy could be implemented for better allograft survival.Epidemiology of native glomerulonephritis as the cause of end-stage renal failure and subsequent recurrence of individual glomerulonephritis after renal transplantation was evaluated using data from various registries,and pathogenesis of individual glomerulonephritis is discussed.The following review is aimed to define current protocols of the recurrent primary glomerulonephritis therapy. | Fedaey Abbas Mohsen El Kossi Jon Kim Jin Ajay Sharma Ahmed Halawa | 2017 | World Journal of Transplantation2017，7，6： | 2 |
| 8 | Pancreatic transplantation: Brief review of the current evidence显示文摘Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for management of end-stage renal disease.However,in diabetic patients,the underlying metabolic disturbance will persist and even may get worse after isolated kidney transplantation.Pancreatic transplantation in humans was first introduced in 1966.The initial outcome was disappointing.However,this was changed after the improvement of surgical techniques together with better patient selection and the availability of potent and better-tolerated immune-suppression like cyclosporine and induction antibodies.Combined kidney and pancreas transplantation will not only solve the problem of organ failure,but it will also stabilise or even reverse the metabolic complications of diabetes.Combined kidney and pancreas transplantation have the best long term outcome in diabetic cases with renal failure.Nevertheless,at the cost of an initial increase in morbidity and risk of mortality.Other transplantation options include pancreas after kidney transplantation and islet cell transplantation.We aim by this work to explore various options which can be offered to a diabetic patient with advanced chronic kidney disease.Our work will provide a simplified,yet up-to-date information regarding the different management options for those diabetic chronic kidney failure patients. | Ahmed Aref Tariq Zayan Ravi Pararajasingam Ajay Sharma Ahmed Halawa | 2019 | World Journal of Transplantation2019，9，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Early urological complications after kidney transplantation: An overview显示文摘Urological complications, especially urine leaks, remain the most common type of surgical complication in the early post-transplant period. Despite major advances in the field of transplantation, a small minority of kidney transplants are still being lost due to urological problems. Many of these complications can be traced back to the time of retrieval and implantation. Serial ultrasound examination of the transplanted graft in the early post-operative period is of key importance for early detection. The prognosis is generally excellent if recognized and managed in a timely fashion. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the different presentations, compare various ureterovesical anastomosis techniques and provide a basic overview for the management of post-transplant urological complications. | Jesmar Buttigieg Andrei Agius-Anastasi Ajay Sharma Ahmed Halawa | 2018 | World Journal of Transplantation2018，8，5： | 2 |
| 10 | Impact of allergic rhinitis on quality of life in patients with bronchial asthma 显示文摘 | Elkholy MM Khedr MH Halawa A | 2012 | Int J Health Sci (Qassim)2012，6，2： | 1 |
| 11 | The shear strength of trabecular bone from the femur, and some factors affecting the shear strength of the cement - bone interface 显示文摘 | Lee AJC Ling RSM | 1978 | Arch Orthop Trauma Surg1978，92，： | 1 |
| 12 | QT dispersion and myocardial viability in patients after acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Kosmala W Przewlocka-Kosmala M Halawa B | 2004 | Int J Cardiol2004，94，23： | 1 |
| 13 | Impact of allergic rhinitis on quality of life in patients with bronchial asthma显示文摘 | Elkholy MM Khedr MH Halawa A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Systemic meta-analysis assessing the short term applicability of early conversion to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in kidney transplant显示文摘AIM To consolidate the present evidence of effectiveness in renal functioning and graft survival following early introduction of mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) inhibitors with or without calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs) in renal transplant recipients.METHODS We analysed the current literature following PROSPERO approval describing the role of immunosuppressive agent, m TOR inhibitors as an alternative to CNI within six months of renal transplant by searching the Pub Med, EMBASE, Cochrane, Crossref, and Scopus using Me SH terms. RESULTS Six articles of early withdrawal of CNI and introduction of m TOR-inhibitors within six months of renal transplantation were sought. Glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and serum creatinine were significantly better in m TOR inhibitor group with equivalent survival at 12 mo, even though Biopsy Proven Acute rejection was significantly higher in m TOR-inhibitor group. CONCLUSION The evidence reviewed in this meta-analysis suggests that early introduction m TOR-inhibitors substantial CNI minimization. The m TOR inhibitors such as everolimus and sirolimus, due to their complementary mechanism of action and favourable nephrotoxicity profile; better glomerular filtration, lower serum creatinine with equivalent survival. Having said that, due to the higher rejection rate, may influence the use of these regimens to patients with moderate to high immunological risk patients. | Jayant Kumar Isabella Reccia Tomokazu Kusano Bridson M Julie Ajay Sharma Ahmed Halawa | 2017 | World Journal of Transplantation2017，7，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Impact of allergic rhi- nitis on quality of life in patients with bronchial asthma显示文摘 | Elkholy MM Khedr MH Halawa A | 2012 | Int J Health Sci(Qassim)2012，6，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Does steroid-free immunosuppression improve the outcome in kidney transplant recipients compared to conventional protocols?显示文摘Steroids continue to be the cornerstone of immune suppression since the early days of organ transplantation.Steroids are key component of induction protocols,maintenance therapy and in the treatment of various forms of rejection.Prolonged steroid use resulted in significant side effects on almost all the body organs owing to the presence of steroid receptors in most of the mammalian cells.Kidney allograft recipients had to accept the short and long term complications of steroids because of lack of effective alternatives.This situation changed with the introduction of newer and more effective immune suppression agents with a relatively more acceptable side effect profile.As a result,the clinicians have been contemplating if it is the time to abandon the unquestionable reliance on maintenance steroids in modern transplantation practice.This review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of various steroid-minimization approaches(steroid avoidance,early steroid withdrawal,and late steroid withdrawal)in kidney transplant recipients.A meticulous electronic search was conducted through the available data resources like SCOPUS,MEDLINE,and Liverpool University library e-resources.Relevant articles obtained through our search were included.A total number of 90 articles were eligible to be included in this review[34 randomised controlled trials(RCT)and 56 articles of other research modalities].All articles were evaluating the safety and efficacy of various steroidfree approaches in comparison to maintenance steroids.We will cover only the RCT articles in this review.If used in right clinical context,steroid-free protocols proved to be comparable to steroid-based maintenance therapy.The appropriate approach should be tailored individually according to each recipient immunological challenges and clinical condition. | Ahmed Aref Ajay Sharma Ahmed Halawa | 2021 | World Journal of Transplantation2021，11，4： | 1 |
| 17 | The shear strength of trabecular bone from the femur and some factors affecting the cementbone interface显示文摘 | Lee AJ Ling RS | 1978 | Acta Orthop Trauma Surg1978，92，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Aortic dissection and its endovascular management显示文摘 | Hinchliffe RJ Halawa M Holt PJ | 2008 | J Cardiovasc Surg(Torino)2008，49，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Aortic dissection and its endovascular management 显示文摘 | Hinchliffe RJ Halawa M Holt PJ | 2008 | J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)2008，49，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Thermal performance of PCM thermal storage unit for a roof integrated solar heating system显示文摘 | SAMAN W BRUNO F HALAWA E | 2005 | Solar Energy2005，78，： | 1 |
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