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| 1 | Airborne laser scanning of natural forests in New Zealand reveals the influences of wind on forest carbon显示文摘Background: Forests are a key component of the global carbon cycle, and research is needed into the effects of human-driven and natural processes on their carbon pools. Airborne laser scanning(ALS) produces detailed 3D maps of forest canopy structure from which aboveground carbon density can be estimated. Working with a ALS dataset collected over the 8049-km^2 Wellington Region of New Zealand we create maps of indigenous forest carbon and evaluate the influence of wind by examining how carbon storage varies with aspect. Storms flowing from the west are a common cause of disturbance in this region, and we hypothesised that west-facing forests exposed to these winds would be shorter than those in sheltered east-facing sites.Methods: The aboveground carbon density of 31 forest inventory plots located within the ALS survey region were used to develop estimation models relating carbon density to ALS information. Power-law models using rasters of top-of-the-canopy height were compared with models using tree-level information extracted from the ALS dataset. A forest carbon map with spatial resolution of 25 m was generated from ALS maps of forest height and the estimation models. The map was used to evaluate the influences of wind on forests.Results: Power-law models were slightly less accurate than tree-centric models(RMSE 35% vs 32%) but were selected for map generation for computational efficiency. The carbon map comprised 4.5 million natural forest pixels within which canopy height had been measured by ALS, providing an unprecedented dataset with which to examine drivers of carbon density. Forests facing in the direction of westerly storms stored less carbon, as hypothesised. They had much greater above-ground carbon density for a given height than any of 14 tropical forests previously analysed by the same approach, and had exceptionally high basal areas for their height. We speculate that strong winds have kept forests short without impeding basal area growth.Conclusion: Simple estimation models based on top-of-the canopy height are almost as accurate as state-of-the-art tree-centric approaches, which require more computing power. High-resolution carbon maps produced by ALS provide powerful datasets for evaluating the environmental drivers of forest structure, such as wind. | David A. Coomes Daniel Safka James Shepherd Michele Dalponte Robert Holdaway | 2018 | Forest Ecosystems2018，5，2： | 3 |
| 2 | Inhibition of growth of colon 38 adenocarcinoma by vinblastine and colchicine:evidence for a vascular mechanism显示文摘 | Baguley BC Holdaway KM Thomsen LL | 1991 | Eur J Cancer1991，27，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Fe-Mg cordierite stability in high-grade pelitic rocks based on experimental, theoretical and natual observations显示文摘 | HOLDAWAY M J LEE S M | 1977 | Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology1977，63，： | 1 |
| 4 | Recalibration of the GASP geobarometer in light of recent garnet and plagioclase activity models and versions of the garnet-biotite geothermometer显示文摘 | Holdaway M J | 2001 | American Mineralogist2001，86，： | 1 |
| 5 | Compa-rison between ADCP and transmissometer measurements of suspended sedment concentration显示文摘 | HOLDAWAY G P THORNE P D FLATT D | | 0，，19： | 1 |
| 6 | A general integrative framework for modelling woody biomass production and carbon sequestration rates in forests显示文摘 | Coomes D A Holdaway R J Kobe R K | 2012 | Journal of Ecology2012，100，1： | 1 |
| 7 | A soft-tissue cephlometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning, Part Ⅰ显示文摘 | Holdaway RA | 1983 | Am J Orthod1983，84，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Spatial modeling and interpolation of monthly temperature using Kriging显示文摘 | Holdaway M R | 1996 | Clim Res1996，24，： | 1 |
| 9 | Identification of microsatellites from an extinct moa species usinghigh-throughput(454) sequence data显示文摘 | Allentoft M E Schuster S Holdaway R | 2009 | Biotechniques2009，46，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Inhibition of growth of colon 38 adenocarcinoma by vinblastine and colchicine: evidence for a vascular mechanism显示文摘 | Holdaway KM Thomsen LL | 1991 | Eur J Cancer1991，27，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels decreased in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus显示文摘 | Scragg R Holdaway I Singh V | 1995 | Diabetes Res Clin Pract1995，27，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Determinants of clinical outcome and survival in acromegaly显示文摘 | RajasooryaC Holdaway I M Wrightson P | 1994 | Clin Endocrinol1994，41，： | 1 |
| 13 | Devonian and carboniferous metamorphism in west-central Maine:the muscovite-almandine geobarometer and the staurolite problem revised显示文摘 | Holdaway M J Dutrow B L Hinton R W | 1988 | American Mineralogist1988，73，： | 1 |
| 14 | Serum 25 - hydroxyvitaminD3 levels decreased in impaired glucose tolorance and deabetes millitas 显示文摘 | Seragg R Holdaway I Singh V | 1995 | Diabetes Res Clin Pract1995，27，： | 1 |
| 15 | Changes in relationship of points A and B during orthodontic treatment显示文摘 | Holdaway RA | 1956 | Am J Orthod1956，42，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparison between ADCP and transmissometer measurements of suspended sedi ment concentration显示文摘 | HOLDAWAY G P THOME P D FLATT D | 1999 | Continental Shelf Research1999，19，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Garnet-biotite geothermometry revised: New Margules parameters and a natural specimen data set from Main显示文摘 | HOLDAWAY M J MUKHOPADHYAY B DYAR M D | 1997 | American Mineralogist1997，82，： | 1 |
| 18 | Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 levels decreased in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus显示文摘 | Scragg R Holdaway I Singh V | 1995 | Diabetes Res Clin Pract1995，27，： | 1 |
| 19 | A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning显示文摘 | Holdaway RA | 1983 | Am J Orthod1983，84，1： | 1 |
| 20 | A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning,Part Ⅰ显示文摘 | Holdaway RA | | 0，，01： | 1 |
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