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| 1 | Osteoporosis in primary biliary cholangitis显示文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease with multiple debilitating complications. Osteoporosis is a common complication of PBC resulting in frequent fractures and leading to significant morbidity in this population, yet evidence for effective therapy is lacking. We sought to summarize our current understanding of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in PBC, as well as current and emerging therapies in order to guide future research directions. A complete search with a comprehensive literature review was performed with studies from Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane database, and the Countway Library. Osteoporosis in PBC is driven primarily by decreased bone formation, which differs from the increased bone resorption seen in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Despite this fundamental difference, current treatment recommendations are based primarily on experience with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Trials specific to PBC-related osteoporosis are small and have not consistently demonstrated a benefit in this population. As it stands, prevention of osteoporosis in PBC relies on the mitigation of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use, as well as encouraging a healthy diet and weight-bearing exercise. The primary medical intervention for the treatment of osteoporosis in PBC remains bisphosphonates though a benefit in terms of fracture reduction has never been shown. This review outlines what is known regarding the pathogenesis of bone disease in PBC and summarizes current and emerging therapies. | Christopher J Danford Hirsh D Trivedi Konstantinos Papamichael Elliot B Tapper Alan Bonder | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，31： | 13 |
| 2 | 发达国家纵向整合临床实习模式的发展及其对我国医学教育的启示显示文摘临床实习是医学生将理论知识转化为临床能力和深入临床环境学习的重要途径。纵向整合临床实习模式目前是一种创新性的临床教学方法和理念,它将连续性作为教学原则,很好地解决了原有临床实习中缺乏医疗连续性、课程连续性和教学指导连续性的问题,越来越多的医学院应用此种模式进行临床教学改革。本文对该实习模式的核心内涵、意义和哈佛剑桥模式及其发展与衍变进行阐述,并结合中国医学教育的实际需求进行分析,认为纵向整合临床实习模式可以提高我国临床医生培养质量,促进基层医疗人才队伍建设,增强住院医师规范化培训效果,有助于我国医学教育改革发展。 | 李鸿鹤 David A Hirsh Tara A Singh Yamini Saravanan Rachel Hathaway Bianca Shagrin Elizabeth Gaufberg Arundhati Ghosh 刘君 李扬龄 闻德亮 | 2020 | 中华医学教育杂志2020，40，9： | 10 |
| 3 | Dilemmas in end-stage heart failure显示文摘心失败(HF ) ,复杂临床的症候群由于结构或心的机能紊乱,是一个主要全球健康问题,与在 USA 的超过 580 万的流行独自,并且过去 2300 万世界范围。作为在 65 岁以上的病人之中的住院的一个领先的原因, HF 是保健资源的一个主要消费者,创造保健系统上的实质的紧张。这份报纸在结束阶段 HF 照顾讨论 HF,金融影响,和 multifaceted 困境的传染病学。搜索用象结束阶段心失败那样的关键词在药网站(www.pubmed.gov ) 的美国国家图书馆上被进行,辩解的照顾,道德的窘境。尽管有 HF 的差的预后(比那更坏为许多癌症) ,许多 HF 病人, caregivers,和临床医生不知道差的预后。另外, HF 的无法预言的临床的轨道复杂化计划 end-of-life 照顾,例如辩解的照顾和供旅客休息的招待所,导致如此的资源的 underutilization。在结论,在结束阶段 HF 的道德的窘境是众多的,使不仅病人,而且 caregiver 卷入,保健队,和社会。 | Carol Chen-Scarabelli Louis Saravolatz Benjamin Hirsh Pratik Agrawal Tiziano M. Scarabelli | 2015 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2015，12，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Identifying Scale-location Specific Control on Vegetation Distribution in Mountain-hill Region显示文摘The scale-location specific control on vegetation distribution was investigated through continuous wavelet transforms approaches in subtropical mountain-hill region, Fujian, China. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated as an indicator of vegetation greenness using Chinese Environmental Disaster Reduction Satellite images along latitudinal and longitudinal transects. Four scales of variations were identified from the local wavelet spectrum of NDVI, with much stronger wavelet variances observed at larger scales. The characteristic scale of vegetation distribution within mountainous and hilly regions in Southeast China was around 20 km. Significantly strong wavelet coherency was generally examined in regions with very diverse topography, typically characterized as small mountains and hills fractured by rivers and residents. The continuous wavelet based approaches provided valuable insight on the hierarchical structure and its corresponding characteristic scales of ecosystems, which might be applied in defining proper levels in multilevel models and optimal bandwidths in Geographically Weighted Regression. | QIU Bing-wen ZENG Can-ying TANG Zheng-hong LI Wei-jiao Aaron HIRSH | 2013 | Journal of Mountain Science2013，10，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Rise of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the Western world. It is more prevalent in male gender, and with increasing age, obesity, and insulin resistance. Besides weight loss, there are limited treatment options. The use of anti-diabetic medications has been studied with mixed results. In this review, we discuss the use of anti-diabetic medications in the management of NAFLD with a specific focus on sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. We shed light on the evidence supporting their use in detail and discuss limitations and future directions. | Amr Dokmak Mohammad Almeqdadi Hirsh Trivedi Sandeep Krishnan | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，7： | 3 |
| 6 | Weekly nab-Paclitaxel in Combination With Carboplatin Versus Solvent-Based Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Final Results of a Phase III Trial显示文摘 | Mark A. Socinski Igor Bondarenko Nina A. Karaseva Anatoly M. Makhson Igor Vynnychenko Isamu Okamoto Jeremy K. Hon Vera Hirsh Paul Bhar Hui Zhang Jose L. Iglesias Markus F. Renschler | 2012 | Journal of Clinical Oncology2012，，17： | 3 |
| 7 | The sixth(2000) ACCP guidelines for antithrombolic therapy for prevention and treatment of thrombosis显示文摘 | Hirsh J Dalen JE Guytt G | 2001 | Chest2001，119，1： | 2 |
| 8 | AI's greatest trends and controversies显示文摘 | Hearst M Hirsh H | 2000 | IEEE Intelligent Systems2000，15，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Low molecular weight heparin: A critical analysis of clinical trials显示文摘 | Hirsh J Heit J | 1994 | Pharmacol Rev1994，46，： | 1 |
| 10 | Low-molecular-weight heparins显示文摘 | Hirsh J | 1994 | Current Opinion in Cardiology1994，9，： | 1 |
| 11 | Low molecular weight heparin显示文摘 | Levine WN | 1992 | Blood1992，79，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Aspirin-resistant thromboxane biosynthesis and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events显示文摘 | Eikelboom J W Hirsh J Weitz J I | 2002 | Circulation2002，105，14： | 1 |
| 13 | Final safety results of BO17704(A-VAiL):a phase III randomized study of first-line bevacizumab(BV)and cisplatin/gemcitabine(CG)in patients(pts)with ad-vanced or recurrent nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)显示文摘 | Hirsh V Ramlau R von Pawel J Zatloukal P Vera G Leighl N Mezger J Archer V Reck M | 2009 | J Clin Oncol2009，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Aspirin-resistant thromboxane biosynthesis and the risk of myocardial infarction,stroke or,cardiov ascular death in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events显示文摘 | Eikelboom JW Hirsh J Weitz JI | 2002 | Circulation2002，105，14： | 1 |
| 15 | Glial cells and Parkinson disease显示文摘 | Hirsh EC | 2000 | J Neurol2000，247，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Low molecular weight heparin:a critical analysis of clinical trials显示文摘 | Green D Hirsh J Heit J | 1994 | Pharmacol Rev1994，46，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Skeletal morbidity in lung cancer patients withbone metastases:demonstrating the need for early diagnosis andtreatment with bisphosphonates显示文摘 | Langer C Hirsh V | 2010 | Lung Cancer2010，67，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Afatinib versus placebo for patients with advanced ,metastatic non-small- cell lung cancer after failure of erlotinib,gefitinib,or both,and one or two lines of chemotherapy (LUX-Lung 1): a phase 2b/3 randomised trial 显示文摘 | Miller VA Hirsh V Cadranel J | 2012 | Lancet Oncol2012，13，5： | 1 |
| 19 | The Harvard MedicalSchool Cambridge integrated clerkship:an innovativemodel of clinical education显示文摘 | Ogur B Hirsh D Krupat E | 2007 | Acad Med2007，82，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Low molecular weight heparion:a critical analysis of clinical显示文摘 | Green D Hirsh J | 2013 | Pharmacol Rew2013，65，1： | 1 |
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