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| 1 | Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”显示文摘Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S.aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure. | Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，3： | 19 |
| 2 | Structural basis of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody avelumab for tumor therapy显示文摘 | Kefang Liu ShuguangTan Yan Chai Danqing Chen Hao Song Catherine Wei-Hong Zhang yi Shi Jun Liu Wenjie Tan Jianxin Lyu Shah Gao Jinghua Yan Jianxun Qi George F Gao | 2017 | Cell Research2017，27，1： | 11 |
| 3 | An octamer of enolase from Streptococcus suis显示文摘Enolase is a conserved cytoplasmic metalloenzyme existing universally in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.The enzyme can also locate on the cell surface and bind to plasminogen,via which contributing to the mucosal surface localization of the bacterial pathogens and assisting the invasion into the host cells.The functions of the eukaryotic enzymes on the cell surface expression(including T cells,B cells,neutrophils,monocytoes,neuronal cells and epithelial cells)are not known.Streptococcus suis serotype 2(S.suis 2,SS2)is an important zoonotic pathogen which has recently caused two large-scale outbreaks in southern China with severe streptococcal toxic shock syndrome(STSS)never seen before in human sufferers.We recently identified the SS2 enolase as an important protective antigen which could protect mice from fatal S.suis 2 infection.In this study,a 2.4-angstrom structure of the SS2 enolase is solved,revealing an octameric arrangement in the crystal.We further demonstrated that the enzyme exists exclusively as an octamer in solution via a sedimentation assay.These results indicate that the octamer is the biological unit of SS2 enolase at least in vitro and most likely in vivo as well.This is,to our knowledge,the first comprehensive characterization of the SS2 enolase octamer both structurally and biophysically,and the second octamer enolase structure in addition to that of Streptococcus pneumoniae.We also investigated the plasminogen binding property of the SS2 enzyme. | Qiong Lu Hao Lu Jianxun Qi Guangwen Lu George F Gao | 2012 | Protein & Cell2012，3，10： | 4 |
| 4 | Effects of Microtubule Polymerization Inhibitor on the Hypersensitive Response of Wheat Induced by the Non-Host Pathogen Sphaerotheca fuliginea显示文摘The plant cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic and versatile intracellular scaffold composed of microtubules and microfilaments, serving a multiplicity of functions in plant cells. To reveal the relationship between the cytoskeleton in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Suwon 11 attacked by the non-host pathogen Sphaerotheca fuliginea and the initiation of the hypersensitive response, the microtubule inhibitor oryzalin was injected into the wheat leaves immediately prior to inoculation. The incidence of hypersensitive cell death was significantly lower than that in water-treated control. In addition, the occurrence of hypersensitive cell death was also delayed and S. fuliginea was able to penetrate and form haustoria in epidermal tissues of wheat. All the results above indicated that hypersensitive cell death was associated with depolymerisation of microtubules, suggesting that microtubules might play an important role in the expression of non-host resistance of wheat. | LI Hong-li, WANG Hai-yan, HAO Xin-yuan, SONG Xiao-he and MA Qing College of Plant Protection and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, P.R.China | 2010 | Agricultural Sciences in China2010，9，3： | 3 |
| 5 | Error Transfer Function for Grating Interferometer显示文摘 | HAO D F | 1991 | SPIE1991，1545，： | 2 |
| 6 | Private key generation from on-line handwritten signatures 显示文摘 | Hao F Chan C W | 2002 | Information Management & Computer Security2002，10，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Changes in soil properties in southern Beijing municipality following land reform 显示文摘 | Zhang F R Hao X Y Wang R | 2004 | Soil & Tillage Research2004，75，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Mechanisms for oil depletion and enrichment on the Shijiutuo uplift, Bohai Bay Basin, China 显示文摘 | HAO F ZHOU X H ZHU Y M | 2009 | AAPG Bulletin2009，93，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Color image segmentation using fuzzy C-mean and eigenspace projections显示文摘 | YANG J F HAO S S CHUNG P C | 2002 | Signal Prooeming2002，82，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Abnormal organic matter maturation in the Yinggehai Basin, offshore South China Sea:implications for hydrocarbon expulsion and fluid migration from overpressured systems显示文摘 | Hao F Li ST Dong W H | 1998 | Journal of Petroleum Geology1998，21，： | 1 |
| 11 | LMI approach L2-gain analysis and control synthesis of uncertain switched systems 显示文摘 | Xie D Wang L Hao F Xie G | 2004 | IEE Proc-Control Theory and applications (S1350-2379)2004，151，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, China 显示文摘 | Tong G Z Zhou Y J Hao X F | 2007 | Emerg Infect Dis2007，13，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,China显示文摘 | Tong G Z Zhou Y J Hao X F | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 14 | Pregnancy loss and anxiety and depres- sion during subsequent pregnancies: Data from the C - ABC study 显示文摘 | Gong X Hao J Tao F | 2013 | Eur J Obstet Gyneeol Reprod Biol2013，166，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Shift of path- ways during initiation of thermophilie methanogenesis at different initial pH显示文摘 | Hao L P LII F Li L Shao L M He P J | 2012 | Bioresour Technd2012，126，： | 1 |
| 16 | Genetic diversity and construction of core collection in Chinese wheat genetic resources显示文摘 | HAO C Y DONG Y C WANG L F | 2005 | Chin Sci Bull2005，50，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis of Angelica from different habitats 显示文摘 | HAO H C CHANG J Y CHUNG F Y | 2012 | Genomic Medicine Biomarkers and Health Sciences2012，4，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Securing a WirelessWorld显示文摘 | YANG Hao RICCIATO F LU Songwu | 2006 | Proceedings of the IEEE2006，94，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Agonists at PPAR-gamma suppress angiotensin II induced production of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and extracellular matrix in rat cardiac fibroblasts 显示文摘 | HAO G H NIU X L GAO D F | 2008 | Br J Pharmacol2008，153，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Charging of the Neogene Penglai 19-3field,Bohai Bay basin,China:Oil accumulation in a young trapin an active fault zone显示文摘 | Hao F Zhou X Zhu Y | 2009 | AAPG Bulletin2009，93，2： | 1 |
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