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| 1 | Current understandings of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes:Genetics to environment显示文摘Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is an autoimmune disease that usually strikes early in life,but can affect individuals at almost any age.It is caused by autoreactive T cells that destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.Epidemiological studies estimate a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States with an increasing incidence of 2%-5%annually worldwide.The daily responsibility,clinical management,and vigilance required to maintain blood sugar levels within normal range and avoid acute complications(hypoglycemic episodes and diabetic ketoacidosis)and long term micro-and macro-vascular complications significantly affects quality of life and public health care costs.Given the expansive impact of T1D,research work has accelerated and T1D has been intensively investigated with the focus to better understand,manage and cure this condition.Many advances have been made in the past decades in this regard,but key questions remain as to why certain people develop T1D,but not others,with the glaring example of discordant disease incidence among monozygotic twins.In this review,we discuss the field’s current understanding of its pathophysiology and the role of genetics and environment on the development of T1D.We examine the potential implications of these findings with an emphasis on T1D inheritance patterns,twin studies,and disease prevention.Through a better understanding of this process,interventions can be developed to prevent or halt it at early stages. | Adebola Matthew Giwa Rizwan Ahmed Zahra Omidian Neha Majety Kagan Ege Karakus Sarah M Omer Thomas Donner Abdel Rahim A Hamad | 2020 | World Journal of Diabetes2020，11，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Emerging role of caldesmon in cancer:A potential biomarker for colorectal cancer and other cancers显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to aid in managing these tumors. The actin cytoskeleton and actin-binding proteins are known to play an important role in the process of cancer metastasis because they control and execute essential steps in cell motility and contractility as well as cell division. Caldesmon(CaD) is an actin-binding protein encoded by the CALD1 gene as multiple transcripts that mainly encode two protein isoforms: High-molecular-weight CaD, expressed in smooth muscle, and low-molecular weight CaD(l-CaD), expressed in nonsmooth muscle cells. According to our comprehensive review of the literature, CaD, particularly l-CaD, plays a key role in the development, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in colorectal, breast, and urinary bladder cancers and gliomas, among other malignancies. CaD is involved in many aspects of the carcinogenic hallmarks, including epithelial mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-beta signaling, angiogenesis, resistance to hormonal therapy, and immune evasion. Recent data show that CaD is expressed in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells, such as cancerassociated fibroblasts, where it modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor the tumor. Interestingly, CaD undergoes selective tumor-specific splicing, and the resulting isoforms are generally not expressed in normal tissues, making these transcripts ideal targets for drug design. In this review, we will analyze these features of CaD with a focus on CRC and show how the currently available data qualify CaD as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in addition to its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. | Alya R Alnuaimi Vidhya A Nair Lara J Bou Malhab Eman Abu-Gharbieh Anu Vinod Ranade Gianfranco Pintus Mohamad Hamad Hauke Busch Jutta Kirfel Rifat Hamoudi Wael M Abdel-Rahman | 2022 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2022，14，9： | 2 |
| 3 | Solubility studies of paraffin waxes in selected petroleum fractions and toluene 显示文摘 | Beg S A Hamad E Tukur N M | 1993 | Fuel Science & Technology International1993，11，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Protamine contents and P1/P2 ratio in human spermatozoa from smokers and non-smokers 显示文摘 | Hammadeh ME Hamad MF Montenarh M | 2010 | Hum Reprod2010，25，11： | 1 |
| 5 | Fault detection and diagnosis in an induction machine drive:a pattern recognition approach based on concordia stator mean current vector显示文摘 | Diallo D Benbouzid M E H Hamad D | 2005 | IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion2005，20，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Similarity solution of boundary layer stagnation-point flow to- wards a heated porous stretching sheet saturated with a nanofluid with heat absorption/gen- eration and suction/blowing: a lie group analysis 显示文摘 | Hamad M A A Ferdows M | 2012 | Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simu- lat2012，17，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Environmental factors affecting submerged macrophyte communities in regulated waterbodies in Egypt 显示文摘 | Ali M M Hamad A Springuel I V | 1995 | Arch Hydrobiol1995，133，： | 1 |
| 8 | Bond-slip response of reinforcing bars embedded in plain and fiber concrete显示文摘 | Harajli M Hamad B Karam K | 2002 | Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering2002，14，50： | 1 |
| 9 | Ontology- based approach for measuring semantic similarity显示文摘 | TAIB M A H AOUICHA M B HAMADOU A B | 2014 | Engi- neering Application of Artificial Intelligence2014，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Structure and stability of small TiO2 nanoparticles显示文摘 | Hamad S Catlow C R A Woodley S M | 2005 | J Phys Chem B2005，109，15： | 1 |
| 11 | The effect of low-level laser therapy during orthodontic movement:a preliminary study显示文摘 | Youssef M Ashkar S Hamade E | 2008 | Lasers Med Sci2008，23，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Laparoscopic versus open eholeeysteetomy in patients with liver cirrhosis a pro- spective, randomized study显示文摘 | Hamad MA Thabet M Badawy A | 2010 | J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A2010，20，5： | 1 |
| 13 | CdS Quantum dots encapsulated in chiral nematic mesoporous silica: new iridescent and luminescent materials显示文摘 | Thanh-Dinh N Hamad W Y MacLachlan M J | 2014 | Advanced Functional Materials2014，24，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Fault detection and diagnosis in an induction machine drive-a pattern recognition approach based onConcordia stator mean current vector显示文摘 | Diallo D Benbouzid M E H Hamad D | 2005 | IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion2005，20，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis: a prospec- tive, randomized study 显示文摘 | Hamad MA Thabet M Badawy A | 2010 | J Laparoscopic Adv Surg Tech A2010，20，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Local bond stress-slip relationship of reinforcing embedded in fiber reinforced concrete 显示文摘 | HARAJLI M HAMAD B KARAM K | 1975 | ACI Mater Journal1975，92，4： | 1 |
| 17 | The effect of defects on the electronic and magnetic properties of Fez MnSi Heusler alloy显示文摘 | Hamad B Hu Q M | 2011 | Phys Status Solidi B2011，248，12： | 1 |
| 18 | A pro- spective, randomized study of the effects of continuous ultrafiltra- tion in hepatic patients after cardiac valve surgery显示文摘 | EI TAHAN M R HAMAD R A GHONEIMY Y F | 2010 | J Cardio- thorac Vasc Anesth2010，24，1： | 1 |
| 19 | The roles of annexins and alkaline phosphatase in mineralization precess 显示文摘 | Balcerzak M Hamade E Zhang L | 2003 | Acta Biochim Pol2003，50，4： | 1 |
| 20 | The effect of low-level laser therapy dining orthodontic movement: a preliminary study 显示文摘 | Youssef M Ashkar S Hamade E | 2008 | LasersMedSci2008，23，1： | 1 |
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