| 2 | 全球地学断面计划成就和未来目标显示文摘全球地学断面计划促进了世界各国地球科学家编制长达几千公里、深至地壳基底的剖面图,在资料许可时绘制更深的剖面。科学家们利用现有全部地质、地球物理和地球化学资料,绘出具有相同比例尺和格式的断面,使世界各个不同地区的地壳可以直接比较。依据联合会际岩石圈委员会(ICL)的精神编制很多断面图。该委员会鼓励各国所有学科的地学家们为查明岩石圈的演变和物理状态合作。理想上,这个结果是最大可能描绘地壳沿断面的成分和构造。实际上,编制断面图还需要更多的数据,概述一些问题并指导未来的研究。Monger 对本计划的早期概述及设想于1986年发表在 Episodes 上。经过世界各国地学家们工作五年之后,可以对本计划的进展及成就作简要综述,并指出本计划的未来方向。计划的组织和来历联合会际岩石圈委员会(ICL)在1985年8月日本东京召开的国际地震学及地球内部物理学协会大会上提出全球地学断面。1986年1月岩石圈委员会主席 K.Fuchs 指定 | H.J.Gtze J.W.H.Monger 何慧敏 | 1992 | 地震地质译丛1992，14，5： | 0 |
| 3 | Thixocasting combination spanners using stainless steel X39CrMo17显示文摘Forging is state-of-the-art for producing hand tools on an industrial scale.Due to high demands on the stiffness and the fracture toughness,high-strength forging steels were used to provide cavity-free components with high mechanical load capacity.Moreover,forging is a cost-effective mass production process but,in spite of all its advantages,it has its limitations,e.g.in the freedom of designs.However,because of the extreme thermal loading(particularly with regard to permanent moulds) and the frequently unavoidable casting defects,hand tools are not cast.By means of thixocasting steel,technical difficulties can be reduced and new options are provided which allow the manufacturing of components with much higher complexity than that using forging.Through near-net shape production,manufacturing steps and costs can be reduced.Furthermore,steels,which are difficult to forge but nonetheless have high potential for specific applications(such as high strength or corrosion resistant steels),can also be processed.In cooperation with industrial partners,X39CrMo17 stainless steel combination spanners with 17 mm width across flats were thixocast.Forming dies were designed and optimized by simulation,the hot forming X38CrMoV5 tool steel as well as the molybdenum alloy TZM were selected as the tool alloys.The dies were treated by a plasma nitriding process and subsequently coated with crystalline Al2O3 protective coatings by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD).During the experiments,combination spanners were successfully cast in the semi-solid state.Cast parts were heat-treated to enhance the toughness of components,which was subsequently measured by a standardized torque test.Moreover,a hypothetical approach of a possible,industrial batch process was carried out using the simulation software MAGMAsoft. | M.BüNCK E.SUBASIC A.BüHRIG-POLACZEK K.JIANG S.MüNSTERMANN J.M.SCHNEIDER K.FICKERT H.J.GüNTHER | 2010 | 中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版2010，20，S3： | 0 |
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