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| 1 | Cholesterol metabolism in cholestatic liver disease and liver transplantation:From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications显示文摘The aim of this review is to enlighten the critical roles that the liver plays in cholesterol metabolism. Liver transplantation can serve as gene therapy or a source of gene transmission in certain conditions that affect cholesterol metabolism, such as low-density-lipoprotein(LDL) receptor gene mutations that are associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, cholestatic liver disease often alters cholesterol metabolism. Cholestasis can lead to formation of lipoprotein X(Lp-X), which is frequently mistaken for LDL on routine clinical tests. In contrast to LDL, Lp-X is non-atherogenic, and failure to differentiate between the two can interfere with cardiovascular risk assessment, potentially leading to prescription of futile lipid-lowering therapy. Statins do not effectively lower Lp-X levels, and cholestasis may lead to accumulation of toxic levels of statins. Moreover, severe cholestasis results in poor micellar formation, which reduces cholesterol absorption, potentially impairing the cholesterol-lowering effect of ezetimibe. Apolipoprotein B-100 measurement can help distinguish between atherogenic and non-atherogenic hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, routine serum cholesterol measurements alone cannot reflect cholesterol absorption and synthesis. Measurements of serum non-cholesterol sterol biomarkers- such as cholesterol precursor sterols, plant sterols, and cholestanol- may help with the comprehensive assessment of cholesterol metabolism. An adequate cholesterol supply is essential for liver-regenerative capacity. Low preoperative and perioperative serum cholesterol levels seem to predict mortality in liver cirrhosis and after liver transplantation. Thus, accurate lipid profile evaluation is highly important in liver disease and after liver transplantation. | Katriina Nemes Fredrik Aberg Helena Gylling Helena Isoniemi | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，22： | 6 |
| 2 | Regulation of MLH1 mRNA and protein expression by promoter methylation in primary colorectal cancer: a descriptive and prognostic cancer marker study显示文摘 | Lars Henrik Jensen Anders Aamann Rasmussen Lene Byriel Hidekazu Kuramochi Dorthe Gylling Crüger Jan Lindebjerg Peter V. Danenberg Anders Jakobsen Kathleen Danenberg | 2013 | Cellular Oncology2013，，5： | 2 |
| 3 | The role of serum non-cholesterol sterols as surrogate markers of absolute cholesterol synthesis and absorption显示文摘 | T.A. Miettinen H. Gylling M.J. Nissinen | 2011 | Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases2011，，： | 2 |
| 4 | Plant sterols andplant stanols in the management of dyslipidaemia andprevention of cardiovascular disease 显示文摘 | Gylling H Plat J Turley S | 2014 | Atherosclero-sis2014，232，： | 1 |
| 5 | Pregnancy outcome with intrahepatic cholestasis显示文摘 | Savonius H Riikonen S Gylling H | | Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica0，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Oral guar gum, a Gelforming dietary fiber relieves pruritus in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy 显示文摘 | Riikonen S Savonius H Gylling H | 2000 | Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey2000，55，11： | 1 |
| 7 | Is gastric cancer part of the tumour spectrum of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer? A molecular genetic study显示文摘 | Gylling A Abdel-Rahman WM Juhola M | 2007 | Gut2007，56，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Very hig plant stanol intake and serum plant stanols and non-choles- terol sterols显示文摘 | Gylling H Hallikainen M Nissinen MJ | 2010 | Eur J Nutr2010，49，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Reduction of serum cholesterol with sitostanol ester margarine in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population显示文摘 | Miettinen TA Puska P Gylling H | 1995 | NewEngl J Med1995，333，： | 1 |
| 10 | Synthesis and absorption markers of choles-terol in serum and lipoproteins during a large dose of statin treatment显示文摘 | Miettinen TA Gylling H | 2003 | Eur J Clin Invest2003，33，11： | 1 |
| 11 | Ineffective decrease of serum cholesterol by simvastatin in a subgroup of hypercholesterolemic coronary patients 显示文摘 | Miettinen TA Gylling H | 2002 | Atherosclerosis2002，164，： | 1 |
| 12 | Pregnancy outcome with intrahepa tic cholestasis显示文摘 | Savonius H Riikonen S Gylling H | 2000 | Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand2000，79，： | 1 |
| 13 | Molecularanalysis of endometrial tumorigenesis : importance of complexhyperplasia regardless of atypia 显示文摘 | Nieminen TT Gylling A Abdel-Rahman WM | 2009 | Clin Cancer Res2009，15，18： | 1 |
| 14 | Reduction of serum cho- lesterol with sitostanol-ester margarine in a mildly hypercholester- olemic population显示文摘 | Miettinen TA Puska P Gylling H | 1995 | N Engl J Med1995，333，20： | 1 |
| 15 | Oral guar gum, a gel - forming di- etary fiber relieves pruritus in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy显示文摘 | Riikonen S Savonius H Gylling H | 2000 | Aeta Obstet Gynecol Seand2000，55，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Pregnancy outcome with Intrahepatic cholestasis显示文摘 | Savonius H Riikonen S Gylling H | 2000 | Acta obstet Gynecol Scand2000，79，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Serum low Densitylipoprotein cholesterol level and cholesterol absorption efficiency are influenced by apolipoprotein B and E polymorphism and by the FHHelsinki mutation of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene in familial hypercholesterolemia显示文摘 | Gylling H Aalto- Setala K Kontula K | 1991 | Arterioscler Thromb1991，11，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Comparison of the effects of plant sterol ester and plant stanol ester-enriched margarines in lowering serum cholesterol concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects on a low-fat diet显示文摘 | Hallikainen M A Sarkkinen E S Gylling H | 2000 | Eur J Clin Nutr2000，54，： | 1 |
| 19 | Changes in serum level and metabolism of cholesterol with plant stanol esters in postmenopausal women with and without coronary artery disease 显示文摘 | Gylling H Rajaratnam RA Vartiainen E | 2006 | Men- opause2006，13，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Independent association of serum squalene and noncholesterol sterols with coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women 显示文摘 | Rajaratnam RA Gylling H Miettinen TA | 2000 | J Am Coll Cardiol2000，35，5： | 1 |
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