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| 1 | Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review显示文摘To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants. | Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar Tejpal Dhewa Ravinder Kumar | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 17 |
| 2 | Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts显示文摘 | Campbell I H Griffiths R W | 1990 | Earth Planet Sci Lett1990，99，： | 1 |
| 3 | Competition and Innovation: An Inverted U Relationship 显示文摘 | Aghion P Bloom N Griffith R Howitt P Blundell R W | 2005 | Quarter- ly Journal of Economics2005，20，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Television based bistafic radar显示文摘 | GRIFFITHS H D LONG N R W | 1986 | IEE Proc F Commun Radar1986，133，7： | 1 |
| 5 | The Role of Per- ceived Organizational Support and Supportive Human Resource Practices in the Turnover Process 显示文摘 | ALLEN D G SHORE L M GRIFFITH R W | 2003 | Journal of Management2003，29，1： | 1 |
| 6 | H2-DMalpha(-/-) mice show the importance of major histocompatibility complex-bound peptide in cardiac allograft rejection显示文摘 | FELIX N J BRICKEY W J GRIFFITHS R | 2000 | J Exp Med2000，192，： | 1 |
| 7 | Melting in an Ar- chaean mantle plume: Heads it's basalts, tails its komatiites 显示文摘 | Campbell I H Griffiths R W Hill R I | 1989 | Nature1989，339，： | 1 |
| 8 | An assessment of the weather generator ( WXGEN) used in the erosion/productivity impactcalculator (EPIC) 显示文摘 | Williams T W R Griffiths J F | 1995 | Agricultural and Forest Meteorology1995，73，： | 1 |
| 9 | A fourier transform infrared trace gas analyser for atmospheric applications 显示文摘 | Griffith D W T Deutscher N M Caldow C G R | 2012 | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions2012，5，3： | 1 |
| 10 | A Partially Decoupled RLS Algorithm for Volterra Filters显示文摘 | GRIFFITH D W ARCE G R | 1999 | IEEE T-SP1999，47，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Prolonged survival of class Ⅱ transactivator-deficient cardiac allografts显示文摘 | June Brickey W Felix NJ Griffiths R | 2002 | Transplantation2002，74，9： | 1 |
| 12 | Modeling electrodeposition for LIGA microdevices fabrication显示文摘 | GRIFFITHS S K NILSON R H BRADSHAW R W | 1998 | Microsystems Technologies1998，4，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Preliminary performance measurements for a streak camera with a large-format direct coupled charged-coupled device readout显示文摘 | LERCHE R A MCDONALD J W GRIFFITH R L | 2004 | Rev Sei Instrum2004，75，10： | 1 |
| 14 | A secondary structure motif predictive of protein localization to the chlamydial inclusion membrane显示文摘 | Bannantine J P Griffiths R S Viratyosin W | 1999 | Cell Microbil1999，2，： | 1 |
| 15 | Partially Decoupled Volterra Filters:Formulation and LMS Adaptation 显示文摘 | Griffith D W Arce G R | 1997 | IEEE Trans Signal Processing1997，45，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Preparation of cross- linked microparticles of poly (glycidyl methacrylate) by dispersion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate using a PDMS as stabilizer in supercritieal carbon dioxide显示文摘 | Wang W X Griffiths R M T Naylor A | 2002 | Polymer2002，43，25： | 1 |
| 17 | Magnetic induction tomography: A measuring system for biological tissues显示文摘 | Griffiths H Stewart W R Gough W | 1999 | Ann NYAcad Sci1999，873，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Television-based bistaticradar 显示文摘 | Griffiths H D Long N R W | 1986 | IEE Proceedings Part F1986，133，64： | 1 |
| 19 | Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood Basahs 显示文摘 | Campbell I H Griffiths R W | 1990 | Earth and Planetary Science Letters1990，99，： | 1 |
| 20 | The Penetration of CDs in the Sound Recording Market: Issues in Specification, Model Selection and Forecasting 显示文摘 | Bewley R Griffiths W | 2003 | International Journal of Forecasting2003，19，1： | 1 |
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