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| 1 | Antioxidants,inflammation and cardiovascular disease显示文摘Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease(CVD). Pathological changes occur in a variety of cell types long before symptoms become apparent and diagnosis is made. Dysregulation of physiological functions are associated with the activation of immune cells,leading to local and finally systemic inflammation that is characterized by production of high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS). Patients suffering from inflammatory diseases often present with diminished levels of antioxidants either due to insufficient dietary intake or,and even more likely,due to increased demand in situations of overwhelming ROS production by activated immune effector cells like macrophages. Antioxidants are suggested to beneficially interfere with diseases-related oxidative stress,however the interplay of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants with the overall redox system is complex. Moreover,molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in CVD are not fully elucidated. Metabolic dybalances are suggested to play a major role in disease onset and progression. Several central signalingpathways involved in the regulation of immunological,metabolic and endothelial function are regulated in a redox-sensitive manner. During cellular immune response,interferon γ-dependent pathways are activated such as tryptophan breakdown by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO) in monocyte-derived macrophages,fibroblasts,endothelial and epithelial cells. Neopterin,a marker of oxidative stress and immune activation is produced by GTP-cyclohydrolase Ⅰ in macrophages and dendritic cells. Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) is induced in several cell types to generate nitric oxide(NO). NO,despite its low reactivity,is a potent antioxidant involved in the regulation of the vasomotor tone and of immunomodulatory signaling pathways. NO inhibits the expression and function of IDO. Function of NOS requires the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin(BH4),which is produced in humans primarily by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Highly toxic peroxynitrite(ONOO-) is formed solely in the presence of superoxide anion(O2-). Neopterin and kynurenine to tryptophan ratio(Kyn/Trp),as an estimate of IDO enzyme activity,are robust markers of immune activation in vitro and in vivo. Both these diagnostic parameters are able to predict cardiovascular and overall mortality in patients at risk. Likewise,a significant association exists between increase of neopterin concentrations and Kyn/Trp ratio values and the lowering of plasma levels of vitamin-C,-E and-B. Vitamin-B deficiency is usually accompanied by increased plasma homoycsteine. Additional determination of NO metabolites,BH4 and plasma antioxidants in patients with CVD and related clinical settings can be helpful to improve the understanding of redox-regulation in health and disease and might provide a rationale for potential antioxidant therapies in CVD. | Harald Mangge Kathrin Becker Dietmar Fuchs Johanna M Gostner | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，6： | 25 |
| 2 | TROP2 : a novel prognostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity显示文摘 | Fong D Spizzo G Gostner JM | 2008 | Mod Pathol2008，21，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Effects of resistant starch on the colon in healthy volunteers:possible implications for cancer prevention显示文摘 | Hylla S Gostner A Dusel G | 1998 | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition1998，67，： | 1 |
| 4 | TROP2 expres- sion as prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma显示文摘 | Muhlmann G Spizzo G Gostner J | 2009 | J Clin Pathol2009，62，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Pathogenic mutations inactivate Parkin by distinct mechanisms 显示文摘 | Iris H Henn Johanna M Gostner Peter Lackner | 2005 | Neurochem2005，92，1： | 1 |
| 6 | TROP2: a novel prognostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity显示文摘 | Fong D Spizzo G Gostner JM | 2008 | Mod Pathol2008，21，2： | 1 |
| 7 | TROP2 expres- sion as prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma显示文摘 | Mahlmann G Spizzo G Gostner J | 2009 | J Clin Pathol2009，62，2： | 1 |
| 8 | A case study on spatial and temporal hydraulic variability in an alpine gravel‐bed stream based on the hydromorphological index of diversity显示文摘 | W. Gostner P. Parasiewicz A. J. Schleiss | 2013 | Ecohydrol2013，，4： | 1 |
| 9 | TROP2:a novel prog- nostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity显示文摘 | Fong D Spizzo G Gostner JM | 2008 | Mod Pathol2008，21，2： | 1 |
| 10 | TROP2 expres- sion as prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma显示文摘 | Muhlmann G Spizzo G Gostner J | 2009 | J Clin Pathol2009，62，2： | 1 |
| 11 | TROP2 expression as prognos- tic marker for gastric carcinoma显示文摘 | Mtihlmann G Spizzo G Gostner J | 2009 | Clin Pathol2009，62，： | 1 |
| 12 | TROP2 expression as prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma显示文摘 | Muhlmann G Spizzo G Gostner J | 2009 | J Clin Pathol2009，62，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Novel findings on the metabolic effects of the low glycaemic carbohydrate isomaltulose (palatinose)显示文摘 | HOLUB I GOSTNER A THEIS S | 2010 | British Journal of Nutrition2010，103，12： | 1 |
| 14 | TROP2 : a novel prognostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity显示文摘 | Fong D Spizzo G Gostner JM | 2008 | Mod Pathol2008，21，2： | 1 |
| 15 | TROP2 ex- pression as prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma 显示文摘 | MHLMANN G SPIZZO G GOSTNER J | 2009 | J Clin Patho12009，62，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Redox regulation of theimmune response 显示文摘 | Gostner J M Becker K Fuchs D | 2013 | Redox Report2013，18，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Effects of resistant starch on the colon in healthy volunteers: possible implications for cancer prevention显示文摘 | Hylla S Gostner A Dusel C | 1998 | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition1998，67，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of resistant starch on the colon in healthy volunteers: possible implications for cancer prevention 显示文摘 | Hylla S Gostner A Dusel G | 1998 | Am J Clin Nutr1998，67，1： | 1 |
| 19 | TROP2:a novel prognostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity显示文摘 | Fong D Spizzo G Gostner JM | 2008 | Mod Pathol2008，21，2： | 1 |
| 20 | TROP2 expres- sion as prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma显示文摘 | Muhlmann G Spizzo G Gostner J | 2009 | J Clin Pathol2009，62，2： | 1 |
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