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| 1 | Sporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: Distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features显示文摘Gastrinomas are defined as gastrin secreting tumors that are associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). ZES is characterized by elevated fasting gastrin serum levels, positive secretin stimulation test and clinical symptoms such as recurrent peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal re?ux disease and occasional diarrhea. Genetically, nonhereditary (sporadic) gastrinomas are distinguished from hereditary gastrinomas, which are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. In general, duodenal gastrinomas are small and solitary if they are sporadic and multiple as well as hereditary. The sporadic gastrinomas occur in the duodenum or in the pancreas while the hereditary gastrinomas almost all occur in the duodenum. Our series of 77 sporadic duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) includes 18 patients (23.4%) with gastrinomas and ZES. Of 535 sporadic NETs in the pancreas collected from the NET archives of the departments of pathology in Zürich, Switzerland, and Kiel, Germany, 24 patients (4.5%) suffered from sporadic pancreatic gastrinomas and ZES. These NETs have to be distinguished fromtumors with immunohistochemical positivity for gastrin but without evidence of ZES. An additional 19 patients suffered from MEN1 and ZES. These patients showed exclusively duodenal gastrinomas, but not pancreatic gastrinomas. The prognosis of sporadic and MEN1- associated duodenal gastrinomas is better than that of pancreatic gastrinomas, since they progress slowly to liver metastasis. In summary, sporadic and MEN1- associated gastrinomas in the duodenum and pancreas show different clinico-pathological and genetic features. The incidence of sporadic duodenal gastrin-producing tumors is increasing, possibly due to optimized diagnostic procedures. In contrast, pancreatic MEN1- associated gastrinomas seem to be extremely rare. A considerable subset of tumors with immunohistochemical expression of gastrin but without evidence of ZES should be designated as functionally inactive NETs expressing gastrin, but not as gastrinomas. | Martin Anlauf Nele Garbrecht Tobias Henopp Anja Schmitt Regina Schlenger Andreas Raffel Markus Krausch Oliver Gimm Claus F Eisenberger Wolfram T Knoefel Henning Dralle Paul Komminoth Philipp U Heitz Aurel Perren Günter Klppel | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 7 |
| 2 | Prognostic significance and surgical management of locoregional lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer显示文摘 | Scheumann GF Gimm K Wegener G | 1994 | World J Surg1994，18，： | 1 |
| 3 | Critical size of residual adrenal tissue and recovery from impaired earty postoperative adrenocortical function after subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy 显示文摘 | Brauckhoff M Gimm O Thanh P N | 2003 | Surgery2003，134，6： | 1 |
| 4 | An update of thyroid surgery显示文摘 | Gimm O Brauekhoff M Thanh PN | 2002 | Eur Nuel Med2002，29，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Somatic and occult germline mutations in SDHD, a mitochondrial complex I! gene, in nonfamilial pheochromocytoma 显示文摘 | GIMM O ARMANIOS M DZIEMA H | 2000 | Cancer Res2000，60，24： | 1 |
| 6 | Epigenetic PTEN silencing in malignant melanomas without PTEN mutation显示文摘 | Zhou XP Gimm O Hampel H | 2000 | Am J Pathol2000，157，： | 1 |
| 7 | Mutation analysisreveals novel sequence variants in NTRK1 in sporadic humanmedullary thyroid carcinoma 显示文摘 | Gimm 0 Greco A Hoang-Vu C | 1999 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab1999，84，： | 1 |
| 8 | Differential nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of PTEN in normal thyroid tissue, and benign and malignant epithelial thyroid tumors显示文摘 | Gimm O Perren A Weng LP | 2000 | Am J Pathol2000，156，： | 1 |
| 9 | Functional characterization of spectrin-actin-binding domains in 4,1 family of proteins 显示文摘 | Gimm JA An XL Nunomura W | 2002 | Biochemistry2002，41，23： | 1 |
| 10 | CpG islandmethylation of tumor-related promoters occurs preferentially in undif-ferentiated carcinoma显示文摘 | Schagdarsurengin U Gimm O Hoang-Vu C | 2006 | Thyroid2006，16，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Repeat adrenocortical-sparing adrenalectomy for recurrent pheochromocytoma显示文摘 | Brauckhoff M Gimm O Brauckhoff K | 2004 | Surg Today2004，34，： | 1 |
| 12 | Frequent epigenetic silencing of the cpG island promoter of RASSFIA in thyroid carcinoma显示文摘 | Undraga Schagdarsuregin Oliver Gimm Cuong Hoang-Vu | 2002 | Cancer Res2002，62，： | 1 |
| 13 | An update of thyroid surgery显示文摘 | Gimm O Brauckhoff M Thanh PN | | 0，，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Somatic and occult germ-line mutations in SDHD,a mitochondrial complex II gene,in nonfamilial pheochromocytoma显示文摘 | Armanios M Dziema H | 2000 | Cancer Res2000，1560，24： | 1 |
| 15 | Frequent epigenetic silencing of the CPG island promoter of RASSF1A in thyroid carcinoma显示文摘 | Schagdarsurengin U Gimm O Hoang-Vu C | 2002 | Cancer Res2002，62，13： | 1 |
| 16 | Ectopic intrathyroidal thymus diagnosed as a solid thyroid lesion:case report and review of the literature显示文摘 | Gimm O Krause U Wessel H | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 17 | Frequent epigenetic silencing of the CpG island promoter of RASSF1A in thyroid carcinoma 显示文摘 | SCHAGDARSURENGIN U GIMM O HOANG-VU C | 2002 | Cancer Res2002，62，： | 1 |
| 18 | Intraoperative quick insulin assay to confirm complete resection of insulinomas guided by se- lective arterial calcium injection (SACI) 显示文摘 | Gimm V K6nig E Thanh PN | 2007 | Langenbecks Arch Surg2007，392，6： | 1 |
| 19 | CpG island methylation of tumor-related promoters occurs preferentially in undifferentiated carcinoma显示文摘 | SCHAGDARSURENGIN U GIMM O DRALLE H | 2006 | Thyroid2006，16，7： | 1 |
| 20 | CpG island methylation of tumor-related promoters occurs preferentially in undifferentiated carcinoma显示文摘 | SCHAGDARSURENG1N U GIMM O DRALLE H | 2006 | Thyroid2006，16，7： | 1 |
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