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| 1 | IMPROVING 9-INTERSECTION MODEL BY REPLACING THE COMPLEMENT WITH VORONOI REGION显示文摘intersection model is the most popular framework used for formalizing the spatial relations between two spatial objects A and B. It transforms the topological relation- ships between two simple spatial Objects A and B into point-set topology problem in terms of the intersections of A’s boundary ( A), interior (A0) and exterior (A - ) with B’s bound- ary ( B), interior (B0) and exterior (B - ). It is shown in this paper that there exist some limitations of the original 9-intersection model due to its definition of an object’s exterior as its complement,and it is difficult to distinguish different disjoint relations and relations be- tween complex objects with holes, difficult or even impossible to compute the intersections with the two object’s complements ( A B -, A0 B -, A - B, A - B0 and A - B - )since the complements are infinitive. The authors suggest to re-define the exterior of spa- tial object by replacing the complement with its Voronoi region. A new Voronoi-based 9-in- tersection (VNI) is proposed and used for formalizing topological relations between spatial objects. By improving the 9-interscetion model, it is now possible to distinguish disjoint rela- tions and to deal with objects with holes. Also it is possible to compute the exterior-based in- tersections and manipulate spatial relations with the VNI. | CHEN Jun LI Chengming LI Zhilin Gold C M | 2000 | Geo-Spatial Information Science2000，3，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Medical student depression and its correlates across three international medical schools显示文摘BACKGROUND Medical students have high rates of depression, anxiety, and burnout that have been found to affect their empathy, professional behaviors, and performance as a physician. While studies have examined predictors for burnout and depression in the United States (US), no study, to our knowledge, has compared depression in medical students cross-culturally, or has attempted to examine the effect of factors influencing rates including burnout, exercise, stress, unmet mental health needs, and region. AIM To examine rates of depression in three international cohorts of medical students, and determine variables that may explain these differences. METHODS Convenience samples of medical students from three countries (US, China, and a Middle Eastern country whose name remains anonymous per request from the school) were surveyed in this observational study. Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory, depression and burnout were examined among medical students from the three cohorts (n = 473). Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to examine differences in demographics, behavioral, and psychological variables across these three schools to identify potentially confounding descriptive characteristics. Analysis of covariance compared depression and the emotional exhaustion component of burnout identified through Principal Component Analysis across countries. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the impact of demographic, behavioral, and psychological variables on screening positive for depression. RESULTS Medical students from the Middle Eastern country had the highest rates of positive depression screens (41.1%), defined as a PHQ-2 score of ≥ 3, followed by China (14.1 %), and then the US (3.8%). More students in the Middle Eastern school had unmet mental health needs (50.8%) than at the medical school in China (34.8%) or the school in the US (32.8%)(Pearson chi-square significance < 0.05). Thus, PHQ-2 scores were adjusted for unmet mental health needs;however, the Middle Eastern country continued to have the highest depression. Adjusting for PHQ-2 score, medical students from the US scored the highest on emotional exhaustion (a measure of burnout). Demographic variables did not significantly predict medical student depression;however, lack of exercise, unmet mental health needs, stress, and emotional exhaustion predicted nearly half of depression in these cohorts. In comparison to the US, coming from the Middle Eastern country and China predicted higher levels of depression. CONCLUSION Depression rates differ in three international cohorts of medical students. Measured factors contributed to some observed differences. Identifying sitespecific prevention and intervention strategies in medical student mental health is warranted. | Jessica A Gold Xinran Hu Gan Huang Wan-Zhen Li Yi-Fan Wu Shan Gao Zhe-Ning Liu Mickey Trockel Wan-Zhen Li Yi-Fan Wu Shan Gao Zhe-Ning Liu Robert M Rohrbaugh Kirsten M Wilkins | 2019 | World Journal of Psychiatry2019，9，4： | 2 |
| 3 | A digital frequency synthesizer显示文摘 | Jierey J Radar C M Gold B | 1971 | IEEE Trans on Audio Eltroacoust1971，19，： | 2 |
| 4 | Concrete penetration by eroding projectiles: experiments and analysis 显示文摘 | Gold V M Vrasis G C Pearson J C | 1996 | Journal of Engineering Mechanics1996，122，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of bolus injection of esmolol in healthy,exercising subjects显示文摘 | Carlson L Gold MD | 1991 | Anesth Analg1991，72，： | 1 |
| 6 | Nitrate dynamics in riparian forests:microbial studies显示文摘 | Groffman P M Gold A J Simmons R C | 1992 | Journal of Environmental Quality1992，，21： | 1 |
| 7 | Manganese (II) oxidation by manganese peroxidase from the basidiomyeete Phanerochaete chrysosporium kinetic mechanism and role of chelators 显示文摘 | WariishiI H Valli K Gold M H | 1992 | Journal of Biological Chemistry1992，267，23： | 1 |
| 8 | International clinical recommendations on scar management 显示文摘 | Mustoe T A Cooter R D Gold M H | 2002 | Plast Reconstr Surg2002，110，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Liver damage in the rat induces hepatocyte stem cells from biliary epithelial cells显示文摘 | Alison MR Golding M Sarraf CE | 1996 | Gastroenterology1996，110，： | 1 |
| 10 | Protein Engineering Reveals Ancient Adaptive Replacements in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 显示文摘 | DEAM A M GOLDING G B | 1997 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1997，94，： | 1 |
| 11 | Purification and characteriza-tion of an extracellular Mn(Ⅱ)-dependenperoxidasefrom the lignindegading basidiomycetes,Phancero-chaete chrysosporium显示文摘 | Glenn J K Gold M N | 1985 | Aich biochembiophys1985，242，： | 1 |
| 12 | FDA/NIH/WHO public workshop on immune correlates of protection against influenza A viruses in support of pandemic vaccine development显示文摘 | Eichelberger M Golding H Hess M | 2008 | Vaccine2008，26，34： | 1 |
| 13 | Kinetics of the nitrosation of aminopyrine to give dimethylnitrosamine 显示文摘 | Mirvish S S Gold B Eagen M | 1974 | Z Krebsforsch1974，82，： | 1 |
| 14 | Error-correcting barcoded primers for pyrosequencing hundreds of samples in multiplex 显示文摘 | Hamady M Walker JJ Harris JK Gold NJ Knight R | 2008 | Nat Methods2008，5，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Variable magnetic field Hall effect measurements and analysis of high purity Hg vacancy(p-type)HgCdTe 显示文摘 | GOLD M C NELSON D A | 1986 | Journal of Vacuum Science & Tech-nology1986，4，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Parameters of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex in patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence and chronic constipation显示文摘 | Zbar AP Aslam M Gold OM | 1998 | Dis Colon Rectum1998，41，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Intercellular Adhesion Mole - cule- 1 Expression in experimental Alcoholic liver disease:relationship to endotoxemia an TNF - α messenger RNA显示文摘 | NanjiAA Tahan SR Golding M | 1995 | Exp Mol Pathol1995，62，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Mortality and ambient fine particles in southwest Mexico City, 1993-1995显示文摘 | Borja-Aburto VH Castillejos M Gold DR | 1998 | Environ Health Perspect1998，106，： | 1 |
| 19 | Arachidonic acid metabolites, hydrogen peroxide, and EDHF in cerebral arteries显示文摘 | You J Golding E M Bryan R M Jr | 2005 | Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2005，289，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Assessing the use of dielectric spectroscopy to analyse calcium induced compositional and structural changes in a model cheese显示文摘 | SMITH J ALISTAIR CAR A GOLDING M | 2011 | Procedia Food Science2011，1，： | 1 |
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