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| 1 | Medical student depression and its correlates across three international medical schools显示文摘BACKGROUND Medical students have high rates of depression, anxiety, and burnout that have been found to affect their empathy, professional behaviors, and performance as a physician. While studies have examined predictors for burnout and depression in the United States (US), no study, to our knowledge, has compared depression in medical students cross-culturally, or has attempted to examine the effect of factors influencing rates including burnout, exercise, stress, unmet mental health needs, and region. AIM To examine rates of depression in three international cohorts of medical students, and determine variables that may explain these differences. METHODS Convenience samples of medical students from three countries (US, China, and a Middle Eastern country whose name remains anonymous per request from the school) were surveyed in this observational study. Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and a modified Maslach Burnout Inventory, depression and burnout were examined among medical students from the three cohorts (n = 473). Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to examine differences in demographics, behavioral, and psychological variables across these three schools to identify potentially confounding descriptive characteristics. Analysis of covariance compared depression and the emotional exhaustion component of burnout identified through Principal Component Analysis across countries. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the impact of demographic, behavioral, and psychological variables on screening positive for depression. RESULTS Medical students from the Middle Eastern country had the highest rates of positive depression screens (41.1%), defined as a PHQ-2 score of ≥ 3, followed by China (14.1 %), and then the US (3.8%). More students in the Middle Eastern school had unmet mental health needs (50.8%) than at the medical school in China (34.8%) or the school in the US (32.8%)(Pearson chi-square significance < 0.05). Thus, PHQ-2 scores were adjusted for unmet mental health needs;however, the Middle Eastern country continued to have the highest depression. Adjusting for PHQ-2 score, medical students from the US scored the highest on emotional exhaustion (a measure of burnout). Demographic variables did not significantly predict medical student depression;however, lack of exercise, unmet mental health needs, stress, and emotional exhaustion predicted nearly half of depression in these cohorts. In comparison to the US, coming from the Middle Eastern country and China predicted higher levels of depression. CONCLUSION Depression rates differ in three international cohorts of medical students. Measured factors contributed to some observed differences. Identifying sitespecific prevention and intervention strategies in medical student mental health is warranted. | Jessica A Gold Xinran Hu Gan Huang Wan-Zhen Li Yi-Fan Wu Shan Gao Zhe-Ning Liu Mickey Trockel Wan-Zhen Li Yi-Fan Wu Shan Gao Zhe-Ning Liu Robert M Rohrbaugh Kirsten M Wilkins | 2019 | World Journal of Psychiatry2019，9，4： | 2 |
| 2 | EU-Citizen.Science:A Platform for Mainstreaming Citizen Science and Open Science in Europe显示文摘Citizen Science(CS)is a prominent field of application for Open Science(OS),and the two have strong synergies,such as:advocating for the data and metadata generated through science to be made publicly available[1];supporting more equitable collaboration between different types of scientists and citizens;and facilitating knowledge transfer to a wider range of audiences[2].While primarily targeted at CS,the EU-Citizen.Science platform can also support OS.One of its key functions is to act as a knowledge hub to aggregate,disseminate and promote experience and know-how;for example,by profiling CS projects and collecting tools,resources and training materials relevant to both fields.To do this,the platform has developed an information architecture that incorporates the public participation in scientific research(PPSR)-Common Conceptual Model.This model consists of the Project Metadata Model,the Dataset Metadata Model and the Observation Data Model,which were specifically developed for CS initiatives.By implementing these,the platform will strengthen the interoperating arrangements that exist between other,similar platforms(e.g.,BioCollect and SciStarter)to ensure that CS and OS continue to grow globally in terms of participants,impact and fields of application. | Katherin Wagenknecht Tim Woods Francisco García Sanz Margaret Gold Anne Bowser Simone Rüfenacht Luigi Ceccaroni Jaume Piera | 2021 | Data Intelligence2021，3，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Specific and non-specific upper extremity museuloskeletal disorder syndromes in automobile manufacturing workers 显示文摘 | Gold J E d'Errico A Katz J N | 2009 | AM J Ind Med2009，52，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Nitrate dynamics in riparian forests:microbial studies显示文摘 | Groffman P M Gold A J Simmons R C | 1992 | Journal of Environmental Quality1992，，21： | 1 |
| 5 | International clinical recommendations on scar management 显示文摘 | Mustoe T A Cooter R D Gold M H | 2002 | Plast Reconstr Surg2002，110，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Survival after acute endosulfan intoxication显示文摘 | Shemesh Y Bourvine A Gold D | 1988 | Clinical toxicology1988，26，： | 1 |
| 7 | Protein Engineering Reveals Ancient Adaptive Replacements in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 显示文摘 | DEAM A M GOLDING G B | 1997 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1997，94，： | 1 |
| 8 | Interleukin 10 inhibits LPS induced TNFalpha translation through a SHIP1- dependent pathway显示文摘 | Chan C S Ming-Lum A Golds G B | 2012 | J Biol Chem2012，287，38： | 1 |
| 9 | Variable magnetic field Hall effect measurements and analysis of high purity Hg vacancy(p-type)HgCdTe 显示文摘 | GOLD M C NELSON D A | 1986 | Journal of Vacuum Science & Tech-nology1986，4，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Environmental pollution and heart rate variability study显示文摘 | Gold DR Litonjua A Schwartz J | 2000 | Circulation2000，101，11： | 1 |
| 11 | Signaling molecules of the NF-kappa B pathway shuttle constitutively between cytoplasm and nucleus 显示文摘 | BIRBACH A GOLD P BINDER B R | 2002 | J Biol Chem2002，277，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Assessing the use of dielectric spectroscopy to analyse calcium induced compositional and structural changes in a model cheese显示文摘 | SMITH J ALISTAIR CAR A GOLDING M | 2011 | Procedia Food Science2011，1，： | 1 |
| 13 | Nitrous oxide generation,denitrification,and nitrate removal in a seepage wetland intercepting surface and subsurface flows from a grazed dairy catchment显示文摘 | Zaman M M L Nguyen A J Gold P M Groffman D Q Kellogg R J Wilcock | | 0，，6： | 1 |
| 14 | The salted food addiction hypothe- sis may explain overeating and the obesity epidemic 显示文摘 | COCORES J A GOLD M S | 2009 | Med Hypotheses2009，73，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Review of clinical cor- relates of PSO sensory gating abnormalities in patients with schizo- phrenia 显示文摘 | Potter D Summmeffelt A Gold JM | 2006 | Schizophr Bu112006，32，： | 1 |
| 16 | Granzyme B ddicitmcy ~ hmg idlammafi~a in mice after acute lung injury显示文摘 | ITuaa J A Hiet~ PR Gold M etal | 2013 | Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol2013，49，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Variable magnetic field Hall effect measurements and analysis of high purity Hg vacancy(p-type) ngCdTe 显示文摘 | GOLD M C NELSON D A | 1986 | JVST1986，4，4： | 1 |
| 18 | The hnpact of the Alliance on the Partners: a Look at Cause- Brand Alliances 显示文摘 | Lafferty Barbara A Gold Smith Ronald E Huh G Tomas M | 2004 | Psychology & Marketing2004，21，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Fatal insomnia in a case of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with the codon 200 (lys) mutation显示文摘 | Chapman J Arlazoroff A Gold LG | 1996 | Neurol1996，46，： | 1 |
| 20 | Distinct roles of CONSTANS target genes in reproductive development of Arabidop- sis显示文摘 | Samach A Onouchi H Gold S E | 2000 | Science2000，288，： | 1 |
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