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| 1 | Trends and outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary tumors: A 25-year single-center study of 1000 consecutive cases显示文摘AIM To evaluate the evolution, trends in surgical approaches a n d r e c o n s t r u c t i o n t e c h n i q u e s, a n d i m p o r t a n t lessons learned from performing 1000 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies(PDs) for periampullary tumors.METHODS This is a retrospective review of the data of all patients who underwent PD for periampullary tumor during the period from January 1993 to April 2017. The data were categorized into three periods, including early period(1993-2002), middle period(2003-2012), and late period(2013-2017).RESULTS The frequency showed PD was increasingly performed after the year 2000. With time, elderly, cirrhotic and obese patients, as well as patients with uncinate process carcinoma and borderline tumor were increasingly selected for PD. The median operative time and postoperative hospital stay decreased significantly over the periods. Hospital mortality declined significantly, from 6.6% to 3.1%. Postoperative complications significantly decreased, from 40% to 27.9%. There was significant decrease in postoperative pancreatic fistula in the second 10 years, from 15% to 12.7%. There was a significant improvement in median survival and overall survival among the periods.CONCLUSION Surgical results of PD significantly improved, with mortality rate nearly reaching 3%. Pancreatic reconstruction following PD is still debatable. The survival rate was also improved but the rate of recurrence is still high, at 36.9%. | ayman el nakeeb waleed askar ehab atef ehab el hanafy ahmad m sultan tarek salah ahmed shehta mohamed el sorogy emad hamdy mohamed el hemly ahmed a el-geidi tharwat kandil mohamed el shobari talaat abd allah amgad fouad mostafa abu zeid ahmed abu el eneen nabil gad el-hak gamal el ebidy omar fathy ahmed sultan mohamed abdel wahab | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，38： | 15 |
| 2 | Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Risk factors and predictors of severity显示文摘AIM To detect risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) pancreatitis(PEP) and investigate the predictors of its severity.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of all patients who underwent ERCP.Pre-ERCP data,intraoperative data,and post-ERCP data were collected.RESULTS The study population consisted of 996 patients.Their mean age at presentation was 58.42(± 14.72) years,and there were 454 male and 442 female patients.Overall,PEP occurred in 102(10.2%) patients of the study population; eighty(78.4%) cases were of mild to moderate degree,while severe pancreatitis occurred in 22(21.6%) patients.No hospital mortality was reported for any of PEP patients during the study duration.Age less than 35 years(P = 0.001,OR = 0.035),narrower common bile duct(CBD) diameter(P = 0.0001) and increased number of pancreatic cannulations(P = 0.0001) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP.CONCLUSION PEP is the most frequent and devastating complication after ERCP.Age less than 35 years,narrower median CBD diameter and increased number of pancreaticcannulations are independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP.Patients with these risk factors are candidates for prophylactic and preventive measures against PEP. | Ayman El Nakeeb Ehab El Hanafy Tarek Salah Ehab Atef Hosam Hamed Ahmad M Sultan Emad Hamdy Mohamed Said Ahmed A El Geidie Tharwat Kandil Mohamed El Shobari Gamal El Ebidy | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，19： | 10 |
| 3 | Role of relevant immune-modulators and cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma and premalignant hepatic lesions显示文摘AIM To assess the levels of different immune modulators in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),in relation to other hepatic diseases.METHODS Eighty-eight patients were included in the current study and represented patients with HCC(20),liver cirrhosis(28) and chronic hepatitis(CH;25),and normal controls(NC;15).Peripheral blood was isolated for immunophenotyping of active myeloid dendritic cells(m DCs;CD1 c and CD40),mature inactive myeloid cells(CD1 c and HLA),active plasmacytoid cells(p DCs;CD303 and CD40),mature inactive p DCs(CD30 and HLA),active natural killer(NK) cells(CD56 and CD161),active NK cells(CD56 and CD314) and inactive NK cells(CD56 and CD158) was done by flow cytometry.Serum levels of interleukin(IL)-2,IL-10,IL-12,IL-1β,interferon(IFN)-α,IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αR2 were assessed by ELISA.RESULTS Active m DCs(CD1 C+/CD40+) and inactive m DCs(CD1 c+/HLA+) were significantly decreased in HCC patients in relation to NC(P < 0.001).CD40+ expression on active p DCs was decreased in HCC patients(P < 0.001),and its level was not significantly changed among other groups.Inactive p DCs(CD303+/HLA+),inactive NKs(CD56+/CD158+) and active NKs(CD56+/CD161+) were not statistically changed among the four groups studied;however,the latter was increased in CH(P < 0.05).NKG2 D was statistically decreased in HCC,CH and cirrhosis(P < 0.001),and it was not expressed in 63%(12/20) of HCC patients.There was significant decrease of IL-2,IFN-α and IFN-γ(P < 0.001),and a significant increase in IL-10,IL-1β,and TNF-αR2(P <0.01,P < 0.001 and P < 0.001;respectively) in HCC patients.There was inverted correlation between IL-12 and IL-1β in HCC(r =-0.565,P < 0.01),with a strong correlation between p DCs(CD303+/CD40+) and NKs(CD56+/CD161+;r = 0.512,P < 0.05) as well as inactive m DCs(CD1 c+/HLA+) and inactive NK cells(CD56+/CD158+;r = 0.945,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION NKG2 D,CD40,IL-2 and IL-10 are important modulators in the development and progression of HCC. | Abdel-Rahman N Zekri Somaya El Deeb Abeer A Bahnassy Abeer M Badr Mona S Abdellateif Gamal Esmat Hosny Salama Marwa Mohanad Ahmed Esam El-dien Shimaa Rabah Assmaa Abd Elkader | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，11： | 6 |
| 4 | Intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A useful tool in the hands of the hepatobiliary surgeon显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP) combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) forpatients with gall bladder stones(GS) and common bile duct stones(CBDS).METHODS: Patients treated for GS with CBDS were included. LC and intraoperative transcystic cholangiogram(TCC) were performed in most of the cases. Intraoperative ERCP was done for cases with proven CBDS.RESULTS: Eighty patients who had GS with CBDS were included. LC was successful in all cases. Intraoperative TCC revealed passed CBD stones in 4 cases so intraoperative ERCP was performed only in 76 patients. Intraoperative ERCP showed dilated CBD with stones in 64 cases(84.2%) where removal of stones were successful; passed stones in 6 cases(7.9%); short lower end stricture with small stones present in two cases(2.6%) which were treated by removal of stones with stent insertion; long stricture lower 1/3 CBD in one case(1.3%) which was treated by open hepaticojejunostomy; and one case(1.3%) was proved to be ampullary carcinoma and whipple's operation was scheduled. CONCLUSION: The hepatobiliary surgeon should be trained on ERCP as the third hand to expand his field of therapeutic options. | Ayman El Nakeeb Ahmad M Sultan Emad Hamdy Ehab El Hanafy Ehab Atef Tarek Salah Ahmed A El Geidie Tharwat Kandil Mohamed El Shobari Gamal El Ebidy | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，2： | 6 |
| 5 | Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, N content, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa and smooth bromegrass grown alone or in mixture in greenhouse pots显示文摘Planting grass and legume mixtures on improved grasslands has the potential advantage of realizing both higher yields and lower environmental pollution by optimizing the balance between applied N fertilizer and the natural process of legume biological nitrogen fixation. However, the optimal level of N fertilization for grass-legume mixtures, to obtain the highest yield, quality, and contribution of N2 fixation, varies with species. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the temporal dynamics of N2 fixation of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) grown alone and in mixture with smooth bromegrass(Bromus inermis Leyss.) in response to the addition of fertilizer N. Three levels of N(0, 75, and 150 kg ha–1) were examined using 15N-labeled urea to evaluate N2 fixation via the 15 N isotope dilution method. Treatments were designated N0(0.001 g per pot), N75(1.07 g per pot) and N150(2.14 g per pot). Alfalfa grown alone did not benefit from the addition of fertilizer N; dry matter was not significantly increased. In contrast, dry weight and N content of smooth bromegrass grown alone was increased significantly by N application. When grown as a mixture, smooth bromegrass biomass was increased significantly by N application, resulted in a decrease in alfalfa biomass. In addition, individual alfalfa plant dry weight(shoots+roots) was significantly lower in the mixture than when grown alone at all N levels. Smooth bromegrass shoot and root dry weight were significantly higher when grown with alfalfa than when grown alone, regardless of N application level. When grown alone, alfalfa's N2 fixation was reduced with N fertilization(R2=0.9376, P=0.0057). When grown in a mixture with smooth bromegrass, with 75 kg ha–1 of N fertilizer, the percentage of atmospheric N2 fixation contribution to total N in alfalfa(%Ndfa) had a maximum of 84.07 and 83.05% in the 2nd and 3rd harvests, respectively. Total 3-harvest %Ndfa was higher when alfalfa was grown in a mixture than when grown alone(shoots: |t|=3.39, P=0.0096; root: |t|=3.57, P=0.0073). We believe this was due to smooth bromegrass being better able to absorb available soil N(due to its fibrous root system), resulting inlower soil N availability and allowing alfalfa to develop an effective N2 fixing symbiosis prior to the 1st harvest. Once soil N levels were depleted, alfalfa was able to fix N2, resulting in the majority of its tissue N being derived from biological nitrogen fixation(BNF) in the 2nd and 3rd harvests. When grown in a mixture, with added N, alfalfa established an effective symbiosis earlier than when grown alone; in monoculture BNF did not contribute a significant portion of plant N in the N75 and N150 treatments, whereas in the mixture, BNF contributed 17.90 and 16.28% for these treatments respectively. Alfalfa has a higher BNF efficiency when grown in a mixture, initiating BNF earlier, and having higher N2 fixation due to less inhibition by soil-available N. For the greatest N-use-efficiency and sustainable production, grass-legume mixtures are recommended for improving grasslands, using a moderate amount of N fertilizer(75 kg N ha–1) to provide optimum benefits. | XIE Kai-yun LI Xiang-lin HE Feng ZHANG Ying-jun WAN Li-qiang David B Hannaway WANG Dong QIN Yan Gamal M A Fadul | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，9： | 5 |
| 6 | AC impedance study on the atmo49spheric corrosion of aluminum under periodic wet-dry conditions显示文摘 | EL-Mahdya Gamal A Kim Kwang B | 2004 | Electrochimica Acta2004，49，： | 1 |
| 7 | Percutaneous video choledochoscopic treatment of retained biliary stones via dilated T-tube tract显示文摘 | GAMAL E M SZABO A SZULE E | 2001 | Surg Endosc2001，15，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Energy efficient packet transmission over a wireless link显示文摘 | Uysal-Biyikoglu E Prabhakar B Gamal A E | 2002 | IEEE Trans Net2002，10，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Achievable tales for multiple description显示文摘 | GAMAL A E COVER T | 1982 | IEEE Trans on Information Theory1982，28，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Beta -Tricalciumphosphate promotes cell proliferation, osteogenesis and boneregeneration in intrabony defects in dogs 显示文摘 | Neamat A Gawish A Gamal -Eldeen AM | 2009 | Arch Oral Biol2009，54，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Membrane concentrate management options:a comprehensive critical review 显示文摘 | PAMELA C A SMITH D W GAMAL E-D M | 2009 | Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering2009，36，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Heterocyclizations of pregnenolone :novel synthesis of thiosemicarbazone, thiophene, thiazole, thieno pyridine derivatives and their cytotoxicity evaluations 显示文摘 | RAFAT M M WAGNAT W W GAMAL A E | 2012 | Steroids2012，77，14： | 1 |
| 13 | A unified framework for tree search decoding: rediscovering the sequential decoder显示文摘 | MURUGAN A GAMAL H E DAMEN M O | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory2006，52，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Biological importance of marine algae显示文摘 | Gamal E Ali A | 2010 | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal2010，18，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Capacity theorems for the relay channel显示文摘 | Cover T M El Gamal A | | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory0，25，57： | 1 |
| 16 | Capacity theorems for the relay channel显示文摘 | Cover T M El Gamal A A | 1979 | IEEE Trans Inf Theory1979，25，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Capacity Theorems for the Relay Channel 显示文摘 | Cover T M Gamal A A E | 1979 | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory1979，25，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Capacity theorems for the relay chan- nel显示文摘 | Cover T M Gamal A E | 1979 | lt F F Transactions on Information Theory1979，25，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Analysis of temporal noise in CMOS APS显示文摘 | FOWLER B GAMAL A E | 1999 | SPIE1999，3650，： | 1 |
| 20 | Achievable Rates for Multiple Descriptions显示文摘 | A A El Gamal T M Cover | 1982 | IEEE Trans on Inform Theory1982，28，： | 1 |
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