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| 1 | CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database显示文摘 | S.LUYSSAERT I.INGLIMA M.JUNG A. D.RICHARDSON M.REICHSTEIN D.PAPALE S. L.PIAO E. ‐D.SCHULZE L.WINGATE G.MATTEUCCI L.ARAGAO M.AUBINET C.BEER C.BERNHOFER K. G.BLACK D.BONAL J. ‐M.BONNEFOND J.CHAMBERS P.CIAIS B.COOK K. J.DAVIS A. J.DOLMAN B.GIELEN M.GOULDEN J | 2007 | Global Change Biology2007，，12： | 1 |
| 2 | 非洲农村某高HIV流行地区利用两涂片与三涂片法诊断培阳肺结核病人的效果比较显示文摘地点:北马拉维Karonga地区。 目的:比较在高HIV流行条件下两涂片法与三涂片法诊断肺结核的灵敏度和特异度。 设计:共对1992例可疑肺结核病人进行了检查,这些病人都有在2-7天内进行的三涂片检查结果以及至少一份标本的培养检查结果。涂片先以金胺染色并在荧光显微镜下观察,阳性者再行萋尼氏染色并在光学显微镜下观察确诊。培养检查采用L(?)wenstein-Jensen培养基接种法。标本的真阴性和真阳性根据培养检查结果而定。对两涂片法和三涂片法的诊断灵敏度、特异度以及阴性和阳性预测值进行了比较。 结果:与培养结果相比,三涂片法的灵敏度、特异度以及阳性和阴性预测值分别是70%、98%、92%和92%。头两份标本的涂片检查可以给出相似的结果。在三涂片法发现的阳性病例中,两涂片法至少可以发现其中的97%。就具有HIV检查结果的病例而言,两涂片法诊断培阳病例的灵敏度与三涂片法相同。 结论:在本研究条件下,应用荧光显微镜和光学显微镜,采用两涂片法替代三涂片法只略微降低了诊断灵敏度,但也稍微提高了诊断特异度;而且上述结果不受HIV感染状态的影响。考虑到误诊的高昂成本,提高诊断的特异度具有重要意义。在结核病控制实践中,由于采用两涂片法代替三涂片法可以节约大量时间。 | A.C.Crampin S.Floyd F.Mwaungulu G.Black R.Ndhlovu E.Mwaiyeghele J.R.Glynn D.K.Warndorff P.E.M.Fine 贺晓新 | 2002 | 国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志2002，，4： | 0 |
| 3 | TROPICAL CYCLONE UNUSUAL INTENSITY AND STRUCTURE CHANGE IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC OBSERVED BY RECONNAISSANCE AIRCRAFT DURING TPARC/TCS08 AND ITOP/TCS10显示文摘The combined Tropical Cyclone Structure(TCS-08)and THORPEX Pacific-Asia Regional Campaign(TPARC)field programs during August and September 2008 and the combined Impact of Typhoons on the Ocean in the Pacific(ITOP)and TCS-10 field programs during August,September,and October 2010 have provided unique simultaneous observations of typhoon structure and intensity together with underlying oceanic conditions during rapid intensification and rapid decay events in the northwest Pacific Ocean basin during the tropical cyclone life cycle.A new observational strategy from aircraft reconnaissance,involving combination(’COMBO’)deployments of Global Positioning System(GPS)dropwindsondes and Airborne e Xpendable Bathythermographs(AXBTs)has allowed for simultaneous observations of TC structure and intensity while also observing oceanic eddy structure beneath the TC.This strategy,together with deployment of drifting buoys and floats ahead of the TC,has led to observations in Super-TYphoon(STY)Jangmi(2008)and STY Megi(2010)that show the ocean control over TC Rapid Intensification(RI)and Rapid Decay(RD)due to pre-existing warm and cold ocean eddy features,as well as the intensity-limiting effects of oceanic’cold wakes’generated by Typhoons(TYs)Fanapi(2010)and Malakas(2010).Observations made during’unusual’track changes in TY Fanapi illustrate how the TC passes over different ocean eddy features than would have occurred with a’normal’straight track.These track changes led to unusual intensity changes due to subsequent movement over a warm ocean eddy feature that led to unexpected TC intensification,and this was followed by movement over shallow ocean mixed layers that led to strong’cold wake’generation.This feature of ocean control then limited Fanapi’s intensification to values well below their Maximum Potential Intensity(MPI).In addition,’COMBO’observations within pre-TC disturbances show contrasting impacts on typhoon development/non-development for cases of strong ocean control and weak environmental shear(pre-Fanapi,2010)versus cases of weak ocean control and strong environmental shear(disturbance TCS025,2008). | PETER G.BLACK | 2012 | Tropical Cyclone Research and Review2012，1，1： | 0 |
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