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| 1 | Multimodal alarm behavior in urban and rural gray squirrels studied by means of observation and a mechanical robot显示文摘Urbanization of animal habitats has the potential to affect the natural communication systems of any species able tosurvive in the changed environment. Urban animals such as squirrels use multiple signal channels to communicate, but it is unknownhow urbanization has affected these behaviors. Multimodal communication, involving more than one sensory modality,can be studied by use of biomimetic mechanical animal models that are designed to simulate the multimodal signals and be presentedto animal subjects in the field. In this way the responses to the various signal components can be compared and contrastedto determine whether the multimodal signal is made up of redundant or nonredundant components. In this study, we presentedwild gray squirrels in relatively urban and relatively rural habitats in Western Massachusetts with a biomimetic squirrel modelthat produced tail flags and alarm barks in a variety of combinations. We found that the squirrels responded to each unimodalcomponent on its own, the bark and tail flag, but they responded most to the complete multimodal signal, containing both theacoustic and the moving visual components, providing evidence that in this context the signal components are redundant and thattheir combination elicits multimodal enhancement. We expanded on the results of Partan et al. (2009) by providing data on signalingbehavior in the presence and absence of conspecifics, suggesting that alarm signaling is more likely if conspecifics arepresent. We found that the squirrels were more active in the urban habitats and that they responded more to tail flagging in theurban habitats as compared to the rural ones, suggesting the interesting possibility of a multimodal shift from reliance on audio tovisual signals in noisier more crowded urban habitats [Current Zoology 56 (3): 313-326, 2010]. | Sarah R.PARTAN Andrew G FULMER Maya A.M.GOUNARD Jake E.REDMOND | 2010 | Current Zoology2010，56，3： | 4 |
| 2 | Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors in immunocompromised patients:Six case reports显示文摘BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus associated smooth muscle tumor(EBV-SMT)is a rare oncological entity.However,there is an increasing incidence of EBV-SMTs,as the frequency of organ transplantation and immunosuppression grows.EBV-SMT diagnosis relies on histopathology and immunochemical staining to distinguish it from post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder(PTLD).There is no clear consensus on the treatment of EBV-SMTs.However,surgical resection,chemotherapy,radiation therapy,and immunosuppression reduction have been explored with varying degrees of success.CASE SUMMARY Our case series includes six cases of EBV-SMTs across different age groups,with different treatment modalities,adding to the limited existing literature on this rare tumor.The median latency time between immunosuppression and disease diagnosis is four years.EBV-SMTs present with variable degrees of aggressiveness and seem to have worse clinical outcomes in patients with tumor multiplicity and worse immunocompetency.CONCLUSION It is imperative to continue building on this knowledge and keeping EBV-SMTs on the differential in immunocompromised individuals. | Afshin A Khan Bassam N Estfan Anirudh Yalamanchali Djibril Niang Erica C Savage Clifton G Fulmer Hailey L Gosnell Jamak Modaresi Esfeh | 2022 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2022，13，6： | 2 |
| 3 | Bleomyein induced interstitial Pulmonary disease in the nude, athymic mouse 显示文摘 | Szapiel SV Elson NA Fulmer JD | 1979 | AM Rev Respir Dis1979，120，： | 1 |
| 4 | Bleomycin induced interstitial pulmonary diseases in the nude,athymic mouse显示文摘 | Szapiel S V Elson N A Fulmer J D et at | 1979 | Am Rev Resp Dis1979，120，： | 1 |
| 5 | Kinetics of Hydroxyapatite Formation at Low Temperature显示文摘 | BROWN P W FULMER M | 1991 | J Am Ceram Soe1991，74，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Bleomycin-induced in-terstitial pulmonary disease in the nude, athymic mouse 显示文摘 | Szapiel S V Elson N A Fulmer J D | 1979 | AmRev Respir Dis1979，120，： | 1 |
| 7 | Bleomycin-induced interstitial pulmonary disease in the nude,athymic mouse显示文摘 | Szapiel S V Elson N A Fulmer J D | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 8 | NMR chemical shifts of trace impurities: common laboratory solvents, organics, and gases in deuterated solvents relevant to the organometallic chemist显示文摘 | Fulmer GR Miller AJ Sherden NH | 2010 | Organometallics2010，29，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Bleomycin-induced interstitial pulmonary disease in the nude, athymic mouse 显示文摘 | Szapiel SV Elson NA Fulmer JD | 1979 | Am Rev Respir Dis1979，120，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Bleomycin- Induced Interstitial Pulmonary Disease in the Nude, Athymic Mouse显示文摘 | Szapiel SV Elson NA Fulmer JD | 1979 | Am Rev Respir Dis1979，120，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Bleomycin-induced interstitial pulmonary disease in the nude, athymic mouse 显示文摘 | Szapiel S V Elson N A Fulmer J D | 1979 | Am Rev Respir Dis1979，120，： | 1 |
| 12 | ACCP-NHLBI National Conference on Oxygen Therapy显示文摘 | Fulmer J D | 1984 | Chest1984，86，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Cephalometric appraisal of patients treated with fixed lingual orthodontic appliances: historic review and analysis of cases 显示文摘 | Fulmer DT Kuftinec MM | 1989 | Am J Orthod Dento Facial Orthop1989，95，6： | 1 |
| 14 | At what level (and in Whom)we trust : trust cross multiple organizational levels显示文摘 | Fulmer A Gelfand M J | 2012 | Social Science Electronic Publishing2012，38，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Pay and Performance: Individuals, Groups, and Exercutives显示文摘 | Gerhart B Rynes S L Fulmer I S | 2009 | The Academy of Management Annals2009，，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Bleomycin-induced interstitial pulmonary disease in the nude,athymic mouse显示文摘 | Szapiel SV Elson NA Fulmer JD | 1979 | Am Rev Respir Dis1979，120，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Bleomycin-induced interstitiad pulmonary disease in the nude, athymic mouse显示文摘 | Szapiel SV Elson NA Fulmer JD | 1979 | AM Rev Respir Dis1979，120，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Bleomycin induced interstitial pulmonary disease in the nude, athymic mouse显示文摘 | Szapiel SV Elson NA Fulmer JD Hunninghake GW Crystal RG | 1979 | Am Rev Respir Dis1979，120，： | 1 |
| 19 | Bleomycin induced interstitial pulmonary disease in the nude,athymic mouse显示文摘 | Szapiel S V Elson Na Fulmer J D | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Personality and Citizenship Be- havior: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction 显示文摘 | Ilies R Fulmer IS | 2009 | Journal of Applied Psychology2009，94，4： | 1 |
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