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| 1 | Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) leads to a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to self-limited acute or fulminant hepatitis to chronic hepatitis with progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Infection with HBV is one of the most common viral diseases affecting man. Both viral factors as well as the host immune response have been implicated in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of HBV infection. In this review, we will discuss the impact of virus-host interactions for the pathogenesis of HBV infection and liver disease. These interactions include the relevance of naturally occurring viral variants for clinical disease, the role of virus-induced apoptosis for HBV-induced liver cell injury and the impact of antiviral immune responses for outcome of infection. | Thomas F Baumert Robert Thimme Fritz von Weizscker | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，1： | 49 |
| 2 | 盐胁迫条件下杨树组织及细胞中钾、钙、镁的变化显示文摘该文研究了NaCl对群众杨 (Populus‘popularis 35 44’ ,P .popularis)、I 2 1 4杨 (P .×euramericanacv .I 2 1 4 ,P .cv.I 2 1 4 )和胡杨 (P .euphratica) 3种杨树组织和细胞营养状况的影响 .为期 30d的盐处理降低了群众杨和I 2 1 4杨根和茎组织中K+、Ca2 +、Mg2 +的水平 ,而对于叶片营养元素的水平基本没有影响 .与群众杨和I 2 1 4杨比较 ,胡杨组织的营养水平受NaCl的影响最小 .根皮层细胞X 射线微区分析的结果显示 ,NaCl降低了群众杨和I 2 1 4杨细胞壁和液泡中K+、Mg2 +的水平 ,但对于胡杨细胞营养元素水平的影响较小 .实验结果表明 ,胡杨在盐胁迫条件下能保持对营养元素的吸收 ,维持较好的营养状况 ,这是其抗盐性强的原因之一 ;I 2 1 4杨和群众杨的抗盐性弱 。 | 陈少良 李金克 尹伟伦 王沙生 Eberhard Fritz Andrea Polle Aloys Httermann | 2002 | 北京林业大学学报2002，24，5： | 41 |
| 3 | Current status and future trends of precision agricultural aviation technologies显示文摘Modern technologies and information tools can be used to maximize agricultural aviation productivity allowing for precision application of agrochemical products.This paper reviews and summarizes the state-of-the-art in precision agricultural aviation technology highlighting remote sensing,aerial spraying and ground verification technologies.Further,the authors forecast the future of precision agricultural aviation technology with key development directions in precision agricultural aviation technologies,such as real-time image processing,variable-rate spraying,multi-sensor data fusion and RTK differential positioning,and other supporting technologies for UAV-based aerial spraying.This review is expected to provide references for peers by summarizing the history and achievements,and encourage further development of precision agricultural aviation technologies. | Yubin Lan Chen Shengde Bradley K Fritz | 2017 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2017，10，3： | 35 |
| 4 | Development of a PWM Precision Spraying Controller for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles显示文摘This paper presents a new Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) precisionsprayer for agriculture using a TL494 fixed-frequency pulse width modulator together with a data acquisition board and developedsoftware. An UAV can be remotely controlled or flown autonomously by pre-programmed flight plans. The PWMcontroller was implemented through the guidance system on the UAV with control commands sent between the UAV helicopterand the ground control station via a wireless telemetry system. The PWM controller was tested and validated using LabVIEW8.2. Several analyses were performed in a laboratory to test different control signals. The results show that the PWM controllerhas promise as a higher precision technique for spray applications, which will improve efficiency of pesticide application,especially in crop production areas. | W.Clint Hoffmann Brad Fritz | 2010 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2010，7，3： | 27 |
| 5 | 基于产品语义分析的新能源汽车造型设计研究显示文摘针对新能源汽车造型设计的特点,以某电动汽车造型设计为例,探讨产品语义分析在新能源汽车造型设计中的应用。阐述了产品语义的内涵,基于信息传播理论将汽车造型设计的语义定义为能指与所指,并进行了形式化描述;提出了基于自然语言处理的产品语义表征方法,通过社会、经济、技术三因素,分析了电动汽车的产品机会;以实例说明了产品语义分析在新能源汽车造型设计中的运用方法,从而为新能源汽车造型设计提供一种可行的技术途径。 | 卢兆麟 Fritz Frenkler | 2017 | 机械设计2017，34，3： | 22 |
| 6 | 时间分辨红外光谱对丝蛋白膜构象转变动力学的研究──再生蚕丝蛋白膜在高浓度醇溶液中的构象转变显示文摘运用时间分辨红外光谱研究再生蚕丝蛋白膜在高浓度醇溶液中 (醇含量≥ 90 % )的构象转变过程 .研究结果表明 ,丝蛋白膜在纯甲醇中可以发生构象转变 ,但是在纯乙醇和纯异丙醇中却几乎不能发生构象转变 .进一步研究发现 ,当乙醇和异丙醇溶液中的水含量达到 7%~ 8%时 ,丝蛋白开始发生构象转变 .在研究的醇溶液浓度范围中 ,丝蛋白发生构象转变的速率随醇溶液中水含量的增加而增大 .根据实验结果 ,认为丝蛋白膜在溶液体系中 (无论是有机溶剂溶液还是离子溶液 )发生构象转变 ,膜的溶胀是一个前提因素 ,其原因在于溶胀可使分子链获得运动的空间 ,从而通过氢键重组而发生构象转变 . | 陈新 周丽 邵正中 周平 KNIGHT David P VOLLRATH Fritz | 2003 | 化学学报2003，61，4： | 22 |
| 7 | 面向工业设计的产品设计DNA研究现状与进展显示文摘产品设计DNA是基因工程的思想运用于工业设计领域所产生的新概念,涉及多个知识领域,旨在赋予产品独特的形态及风格意象以塑造品牌。文中系统地总结了国内外产品设计DNA研究的现状与进展,重点介绍了表达结构、应用研究进展、关键技术及现有研究之不足。最后提出产品设计DNA研究的热点与趋势为:揭示全生命周期下的产品设计DNA生成与衍化规律;探索用户对于产品设计DNA的认知机制;实现产品设计DNA推理与生产环节的衔接。 | 卢兆麟 李升波 张悦 Fritz Frenkler | 2014 | 机械设计2014，31，12： | 20 |
| 8 | 时间分辨红外光谱对丝蛋白膜构象转变动力学的研究:不同碱金属离子对蜘蛛丝蛋白膜构象转变的影响显示文摘运用时间分辨红外光谱对碱金属盐溶液诱导发生的蜘蛛丝蛋白膜的构象转变过程进行跟踪研究.结果表明虽然构象转变速率为NaCl>KCl>LiCl,但是在最终完成构象转变的丝蛋白膜中 β 折叠结构的比例却是KCl>LiCl>NaCl.综合膜的构象转变速率和程度,可以认为在三种碱金属盐中,KCl最有利于丝蛋白的构象转变,这与钾在蜘蛛吐丝过程中起重要作用的观点(即发现在丝腺体中的丝蛋白胶状物,越靠近吐丝口,钾离子含量越高)相吻合.同时根据对构象转变动力学数据的分析,认为蜘蛛丝蛋白膜的构象转变由快慢两相组成,其中较快相(相应时间常数为5min左右)对应于链段运动引起的构象转变,而较慢相(相应时间常数为 5 0min左右) | 陈新 邵正中 KNIGHT David P. VOLLRATH Fritz | 2002 | 化学学报2002，60，12： | 20 |
| 9 | Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy显示文摘Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver disorder can either be related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In both conditions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ALD, NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. To determine increased liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard. Besides the invasive technique, various other non-invasive techniques have been developed, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based methods. Among these techniques, ultrasound and CT provide only qualitative information about hepatic steatosis, whereas MRS-or MRI-based methods are able to determine even small amounts of fat accurately. These non-invasive magnetic resonance techniques have already proven their great potential, especially in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies regarding various metabolic conditions and medical treatment regimens. In this review, the most common, non-invasive MRS/MRI techniques for assessment of intrahepatic lipid content are described with their inherent advantages and limitations. | Fabian Springer Jürgen Machann Claus D Claussen Fritz Schick Nina F Schwenzer | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，13： | 19 |
| 10 | 面向汽车造型的用户视觉模式识别比较显示文摘为使汽车造型设计更好地符合目标用户的审美心理,以跨文化视角对用户视觉模式识别进行了比较研究。基于Treisman的特征整合理论,提出汽车造型视觉识别一般模型。以汽车前视正面造型为样本,选取中德两国用户作为被试者,以品牌识别为任务,首先使用Dikablis眼动仪进行眼动跟踪实验,再结合Likert量表进行识别度的问卷调查。利用灰度直方图对眼动热点图进行特征提取,并对用户感兴趣区域的各项指标进行了对比分析,所得结论为面向中国市场的车型开发提供了借鉴和参考。 | 卢兆麟 李升波 徐少兵 Fritz Frenkler | 2015 | 计算机集成制造系统2015，21，7： | 19 |
| 11 | Cetuximab plus FOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI in metastatic colorectal cancer: CECOG trial显示文摘AIM: To investigate efficacy and safety of cetuximab combined with two chemotherapy regimens in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). METHODS: Randomized patients received cetuximab with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), folinic acid (FA) and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) 6 (arm A, n = 74) or 5-FU, FA and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) (arm B, n = 77). KRAS mutation status was determined retrospectively in a subset of tumors (n = 117). RESULTS: No significant difference was found between treatment arms A and B in the progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 9 mo, 45% vs 34%; median PFS, 8.6 mo vs 8.3 mo [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.06]; overall response rate (ORR) 43% vs 45% [odds ratio (OR) = 0.93] and median overall survival (OS), 17.4 mo vs 18.9 mo (HR = 0.98). Patients with KRAS wild-type tumors demonstrated improved PFS (HR = 0.55, P = 0.0051), OS, (HR = 0.62, P = 0.0296) and ORR (53% vs 36%) and in arm A, improved PFS (HR = 0.49, P = 0.0196), OS (HR = 0.48, P = 0.0201) and ORR (56%vs 30%), compared with patients with KRAS mutated tumors. In arm B no significant differences were found in efficacy by KRAS mutation status. Treatment in arms A and B was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that combinations of cetuximab with FOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI are effective and significantly improve clinical outcome in KRAS wild-type compared with KRAS mutated mCRC. | Janja Ocvirk Thomas Brodowicz Fritz Wrba Tudor E Ciuleanu Galina Kurteva Semir Beslija Ivan Koza Zsuzsanna Pápai Diethelm Messinger Ugur Yilmaz Zsolt Faluhelyi Suayib Yalcin Demetris Papamichael Miklós Wenczl Zrinka Mrsic-Krmpotic Einat Shacham-Shmueli Damir Vrbanec Regina Esser Werner Scheithauer Christoph C Zie-linski | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，25： | 17 |
| 12 | Impact of lattice relaxations on phase transitions in a high-entropy alloy studied by machine-learning potentials显示文摘Recently,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have attracted wide attention due to their extraordinary materials properties.A main challenge in identifying new HEAs is the lack of efficient approaches for exploring their huge compositional space.Ab initio calculations have emerged as a powerful approach that complements experiment.However,for multicomponent alloys existing approaches suffer from the chemical complexity involved.In this work we propose a method for studying HEAs computationally.Our approach is based on the application of machine-learning potentials based on ab initio data in combination with Monte Carlo simulations.The high efficiency and performance of the approach are demonstrated on the prototype bcc NbMoTaW HEA.The approach is employed to study phase stability,phase transitions,and chemical short-range order.The importance of including local relaxation effects is revealed:they significantly stabilize single-phase formation of bcc NbMoTaW down to room temperature.Finally,a so-far unknown mechanism that drives chemical order due to atomic relaxation at ambient temperatures is discovered. | Tatiana Kostiuchenko Fritz Körmann Jörg Neugebauer Alexander Shapeev | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 17 |
| 13 | 基于映射关系的产品设计DNA描述方法研究显示文摘为了建立产品设计DNA的显性特征与隐性特征之间的匹配,提出了基于映射关系的产品设计DNA描述方法。首先根据形态特征和感性意象得分分别对产品样本进行聚类分析,然后运用维恩图得到两种聚类交集中的样本,并用轮廓图对其进行分析,从而建立显性特征与隐性特征的定性匹配关系;进一步运用线性回归分析法得到形态特征与感性意象的多元回归方程,建立显性特征与隐性特征的定量匹配关系,在此基础上总结并预测产品的造型发展趋势。最后以摩托罗拉手机为例,对该方法进行了验证。 | 卢兆麟 张悦 Fritz Frenkler | 2014 | 机械设计2014，31，9： | 16 |
| 14 | Recent progress on ULF wave and its interactions with energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere显示文摘The global distribution properties of Ultra Low Frequency wave (ULF) in the inner magnetospgere and its interactions with energetic particles, such as the wave-particle resonance, modulation, and particle acceleration, are active topics in space physics research. These problems are fundamentally important issues to understand the energy transport from the solar wind into the magnetosphere. In this paper we briefly reviewed the recent research progress on ULF wave and its interactions with energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere; furthermore, we suggested some open questions for future study. | Theodore A. FRITZ | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，10： | 16 |
| 15 | 基于风格特征的汽车造型认知机制研究显示文摘本文中对用户的汽车造型认知机制进行研究。首先阐述了基于风格特征的汽车造型知识本体,在此基础上定义了基于特征匹配的汽车造型认知模式,并提出了认知过程模型。选取汽车前部造型为样本,使用Dikablis眼动仪进行眼动跟踪实验,并结合Likert量表问卷调查对若干关键问题进行研究。实验结果表明:(1)'喜好度'和'识别度'呈正相关,识别度越高的车型越能获得更多用户的购买意愿;(2)在对汽车品牌的识别过程中,用户的工作记忆对造型视觉信息进行处理,并提取长时记忆中的车型信息进行分析比对,车辆造型特征设计应兼顾视觉刺激强度和连续性,从而将短时记忆转化为长时记忆;(3)汽车前部造型中的典型性和标志性特征具有重要的识别引导作用,能迅速、有效地建立工作记忆与长时记忆之间的视觉信息通道,在设计中应引起重视;(4)由于'捆绑'机制与格式塔心理学的作用,美感的产生更多地依赖于汽车造型的整体效果。 | 卢兆麟 张悦 成波 李升波 Fritz Frenkler | 2016 | 汽车工程2016，38，3： | 15 |
| 16 | 盐胁迫下胡杨和毛白杨叶细胞中的离子区隔化显示文摘该文以抗盐的胡杨和盐敏感的毛白杨组培再生苗为实验材料,利用X--射线微区分析技术研究盐胁迫下(为期20d的盐处理)叶片各种类型细胞内主要元素Na+、Cl-、K+的分布情况,测定的细胞类型包括:①叶脉细胞(叶脉维管束导管、叶脉维管束内部和外部的薄壁细胞);②叶肉细胞(栅栏组织、海绵组织);③表皮细胞(上、下表皮细胞).结果表明,胡杨和毛白杨叶细胞对盐离子的区隔化有明显差异:与毛白杨相比,盐处理后的胡杨叶细胞不但具有较高的拒Na+能力,即将Na+贮存在质外体中,而且液泡区隔Na+的能力也强于毛白杨.在Cl-的区隔化方面,对照处理胡杨各种类型的细胞(包括叶脉、叶肉和表皮细胞)Cl-浓度都高于毛白杨,但在盐胁迫下,胡杨叶片的细胞壁、液泡甚至叶绿体中Cl-的含量都低于毛白杨,这是胡杨根细胞限制Cl-离子根冠运输的结果.盐处理使胡杨叶片各种类型细胞中的K+浓度降低;与胡杨不同,毛白杨叶片细胞中质外体的K+浓度下降,而液泡中的K+水平却相应提高,这是毛白杨细胞内K+重新分配的结果:由于盐处理后毛白杨液泡内积累了过多的Cl-,K+从细胞壁进入液泡,用以平衡液泡内Cl-积累所带来的负电荷. | 戴松香 陈少良 Eberhard Fritz Andrea Olbrich Christine Kettner Andrea Polle Aloys Hüttermann | 2006 | 北京林业大学学报2006，28，S2： | 14 |
| 17 | 2001年1月26日高纬磁层顶通量管事件的观测研究——空间电流密度计算及分析显示文摘讨论了三种根据ClusterⅡ四颗卫星的磁场测量数据计算空间电流的方法及其误差 ,论证了这几种方法的内在一致性 ,并得到了完全相同的计算结果 .进而依据ClusterⅡ磁场探测资料 ,计算了 2 0 0 1年 1月 2 6日多重磁通量管和FTE事件中高纬磁层顶边界层和磁鞘区的电流密度 .结果表明 ,磁通量管内电流密度较大 ,可达到约10 - 8A m2 ;计算精度较高 ,结果可靠 .本文还应用最小方差分析法 (MVA) ,发现电流方向与通量管的轴向基本一致 ;论证了电流MVA分析在研究通量管性质时的作用 。 | 肖池阶 濮祖荫 黄宗英 傅绥燕 谢伦 宗秋刚 T Fritz K-H Glassmeier 刘振兴 曹晋滨 史建魁 沈超 路立 王迺权 陈涛 | 2004 | 地球物理学报2004，47，4： | 13 |
| 18 | 合肥市城市生活垃圾管理现状和实施措施显示文摘介绍了合肥市城市生活垃圾的管理机制和垃圾处理、处置的现状,分析了管理中存在的问题,并对今后的管理提出相关的建议和解决措施。 | 吴克 蔡敬民 俞志敏 刘斌 金杰 Michael Nelles Petja Stoever Thomas Fritz | 2005 | 环境卫生工程2005，13，3： | 13 |
| 19 | Impact of obesity treatment on gastroesophageal refluxdisease显示文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a frequently encountered disorder. Obesity is an important risk factor for GERD, and there are several pathophysiologic mechanisms linking the two conditions. For obese patients with GERD, much of the treatment effort is focused on weight loss and its consistent benefit to symptoms, while there is a relative lack of evidence regarding outcomes after novel or even standard medical therapy is offered to this population. Physicians are hesitant to recommend operative anti-reflux therapy to obese patients due to the potentially higher risks and decreased efficacy, and these patients instead are often considered for bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgical approaches are broadening, and each technique has emerging evidence regarding its effect on both the risk and outcome of GERD. Furthermore, combined antireflux and bariatric options are now being offered to obese patients with GERD. However, currently Rouxen-Y gastric bypass remains the most effective surgical treatment option in this population, due to its consistent benefits in both weight loss and GERD itself. This article aims to review the impact of both conservative and aggressive approaches of obesity treatment on GERD. | Abraham Khan Aram Kim Cassandra Sanossian Fritz Francois | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，4： | 9 |
| 20 | Matched-pair analysis of postoperative morbidity and mortality for pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy using mattress sutures in soft pancreatic tissue remnants显示文摘BACKGROUND:After pancreaticoduodenectomy,the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula remains high,especially in patients with 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants.No 'gold standard' surgical technique for pancreaticoenteric anastomosis has been established.This study aimed to compare the postoperative morbidity and mortality of pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy for 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants using modified mattress sutures.METHODS:Seventy-five patients who had undergone pancreaticogastrostomy and 75 who had undergone pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2002 and 2008 were retrospectively compared using matched-pair analysis.A modified mattress suture technique was used for the pancreaticoenteric anastomosis.Patients with an underlying 'hard' pancreatic tissue remnant,as in chronic pancreatitis,were excluded.Both groups were homogeneous for age,gender,and underlying disease.Postoperative morbidity,mortality,and preoperative and operative data were analyzed.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the groups for the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (10.7% in both).Postoperative morbidity and mortality,median operation time,median length of hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss,and the amount of intraoperatively transfused erythrocyte concentrates also did not significantly differ between the groups.Patient age >65 years (P=0.017),operation time >350minutes (P=0.001),and intraoperative transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates (P=0.038) were identified as risk factors for postoperative morbidity.CONCLUSIONS:Our results showed no significant differences between the groups in the pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis techniques using mattress sutures for 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants.In our experience,the mattress sutures are safe and simple to use,and pancreaticogastrostomy in particular is feasible and easy to learn,with good endoscopic accessibility to the anastomosis region.However,the location of the anastomosis and the surgical technique need to be individually evaluated to further reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula. | Fritz Klein Marcus Bahra Matthias Glanemann Wladimir Faber Peter Warnick Andreas Andreou Safak Gül Dietmar Jacob | 2012 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2012，11，1： | 9 |
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