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| 1 | Herbal traditional Chinese medicine and its evidence base in gastrointestinal disorders显示文摘Herbal traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is used to treat several ailments, but its efficiency is poorly documented and hence debated, as opposed to modern medicine commonly providinge ffective therapies. The aim of this review article is to present a practical reference guide on the role of herbal TCM in managing gastrointestinal disorders, supported by systematic reviews and evidence based trials. A literature search using herbal TCM combined with terms for gastrointestinal disorders in Pub Med and the Cochrane database identified publications of herbal TCM trials. Results were analyzed for study type, inclusion criteria, and outcome parameters. Quality of placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials was poor, mostly neglecting stringent evidence based diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. Accordingly, appropriate Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses were limited and failed to support valid, clinically relevant evidence based efficiency of herbal TCM in gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric or duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. In conclusion, the use of herbal TCM to treat various diseases has an interesting philosophical background with a long history, but it received increasing skepticism due to the lack of evidence based efficiency as shown by high quality trials; this has now been summarized for gastrointestinal disorders, with TCM not recommended for most gastrointestinal diseases. Future studies should focus on placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials, herbal product quality and standard criteria for diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and assessment of adverse herb reactions. This approach will provide figures of risk/benefit profiles that hopefully are positive for at least some treatment modalities of herbal TCM. Proponents of modern herbal TCM best face these promising challenges of pragmaticmodern medicine by bridging the gap between the two medicinal cultures. | Rolf Teschke Albrecht Wolff Christian Frenzel Axel Eickhoff Johannes Schulze | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，15： | 19 |
| 2 | Drug and herb induced liver injury: Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences scale for causality assessment显示文摘Causality assessment of suspected drug induced liver injury(DILI) and herb induced liver injury(HILI) is hampered by the lack of a standardized approach to be used by attending physicians and at various subsequent evaluating levels. The aim of this review was to analyze the suitability of the liver specific Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences(CIOMS) scale as a standard tool for causality assessment in DILI and HILI cases. PubMed database was searched for the following terms: drug induced liver injury; herb induced liver injury; DILI causality assessment; and HILI causality assessment. The strength of the CIOMS lies in its potential as a standardized scale for DILI and HILI causality assessment. Other advantages include its liver specificity and its validation for hepatotoxicity with excellent sensitivity, specificity and predictive validity, based on cases with a positive reexposure test. This scale allows prospective collection of all relevant data required for a valid causality assessment. It does not require expert knowledge in hepatotoxicity and its results may subsequently be refined. Weaknesses of the CIOMS scale include the limited exclusion of alternative causes and qualitatively graded risk factors. In conclusion, CIOMS appears to be suitable as a standard scale for attending physicians, regulatory agencies, expert panels and other scientists to provide a standardized, reproducible causality assessment in suspected DILI and HILI cases, applicable primarily at all assessing levels involved. 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All | Rolf Teschke Albrecht Wolff Christian Frenzel Alexander Schwarzenboeck Johannes Schulze Axel Eickhoff | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，1： | 11 |
| 3 | Herbal hepatotoxicity:Challenges and pitfalls of causality assessment methods显示文摘The diagnosis of herbal hepatotoxicity or herb induced liver injury(HILI) represents a particular clinical and regulatory challenge with major pitfalls for the causality evaluation.At the day HILI is suspected in a patient,physicians should start assessing the quality of the used herbal product,optimizing the clinical data for completeness,and applying the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences(CIOMS) scale for initial causality assessment.This scale is structured,quantitative,liver specific,and validated for hepatotoxicity cases.Its items provide individual scores,which together yield causality levels of highly probable,probable,possible,unlikely,and excluded.After completion by additional information including raw data,this scale with all items should be reported to regulatory agencies and manufacturers for further evaluation.The CIOMS scale is preferred as tool for assessing causality in hepatotoxicity cases,compared to numerous other causality assessment methods,which are inferior on various grounds.Among these disputed methods are the Maria and Victorino scale,an insufficiently qualified,shortened version of the CIOMS scale,as well as various liver unspecific methods such as thead hoc causality approach,the Naranjo scale,the World Health Organization(WHO) method,and the Karch and Lasagna method.An expert panel is required for the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network method,the WHO method,and other approaches based on expert opinion,which provide retrospective analyses with a long delay and thereby prevent a timely assessment of the illness in question by the physician.In conclusion,HILI causality assessment is challenging and is best achieved by the liver specific CIOMS scale,avoiding pitfalls commonly observed with other approaches. | Rolf Teschke Christian Frenzel Johannes Schulze Axel Eickhoff | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，19： | 9 |
| 4 | Herbalife hepatotoxicity: Evaluation of cases with positive reexposure tests显示文摘AIM: To analyze the validity of applied test criteria and causality assessment methods in assumed Herbalife hepatotoxicity with positive reexposure tests. METHODS: We searched the Medline database for suspected cases of Herbalife hepatotoxicity and retrieved 53 cases including eight cases with a positive unintentional reexposure and a high causality level for Herbalife. First, analysis of these eight cases focused on the data quality of the positive reexposure cases, requiring a baseline value of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) < 5 upper limit of normal (N) before reexposure, with Nas the upper limit of normal, and a doubling of the ALT value at reexposure as compared to the ALT value at baseline prior to reexposure. Second, reported methods to assess causality in the eight cases were evaluated, and then the liver specific Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale validated for hepatotoxicity cases was used for quantitative causality reevaluation. This scale consists of various specific elements with scores provided through the respective case data, and the sum of the scores yields a causality grading for each individual case of initially suspected hepatotoxicity. RESULTS: Details of positive reexposure test conditions and their individual results were scattered in virtually all cases, since reexposures were unintentional and allowed only retrospective rather than prospective assessments. In 1/8 cases, criteria for a positive reexposure were fulfilled, whereas in the remaining cases the reexposure test was classified as negative (n = 1), or the data were considered as uninterpretable due to missing information to comply adequately with the criteria (n = 6). In virtually all assessed cases, liver unspecific causality assessment methods were applied rather than a liver specific method such as the CIOMS scale. Using this scale, causality gradings for Herbalife in these eight cases were probable (n = 1), unlikely (n = 4), and excluded (n = 3). Confounding variables in- cluded low data quality, alternative diagnoses, poor exclusion of important other causes, and comedication by drugs and herbs in 6/8 cases. More specifically, problems were evident in some cases regarding temporal association, daily doses, exact start and end dates of product use, actual data of laboratory parameters such as ALT, and exact dechallenge characteristics. Short-comings included scattered exclusion of hepatitis A-C, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infection with only globally presented or lacking parameters. Hepatitis Evirus infection was considered in one single patient and found positive, infections by herpes simplexvirus and varicella zoster virus were excluded in none. CONCLUSION: Only one case fulfilled positive reexposure test criteria in initially assumed Herbalife hepatotoxicity, with lower CIOMS based causality gradings for the other cases than hitherto proposed. | Rolf Teschke Christian Frenzel Johannes Schulze Alexander Schwarzenboeck Axel Eickhoff | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，7： | 6 |
| 5 | Bending load capacity of reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with textile reinforced concrete显示文摘 | Frank Schladitz Michael Frenzel Daniel Ehlig Manfred Curbach | 2012 | Engineering Structures2012，，： | 3 |
| 6 | A TAXONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF RECENT AND HOLOCENE OSTRACODES OF THE NAM CO REGION, SOUTHERN TIBET显示文摘We present a list of living and (sub) fossil Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Holocene sediments from Lake NamCo,Southern Tibet, including descriptions, distribution and ecological data of the important taxa from the Nam Cocatchment. Species associations from lake surface sediments, sediment cores and outcrop samples consist of eight speciesincluding Candona candida ( O.F. Müller, 1776 ) , Candona xizangensis ( Huang, 1982 ) , Eucypris afghanistanensis( Hartmann, 1964) , Fabaeformiscandona danielopoli ( Yin & Martens, 1997 ) , Ilyocypris cf. mongolica ( Martens, 1991 ) ,? Leucocythere dorsotuberosa ( Huang, 1982 ) , Leucocytherella sinensis ( Huang, 1982 ) and Limnocythere inopinata ( Baird,1843). The dominant species are ? L. dorsotuberosa and L. sinensis. They show morphological variations with different degreesof ornamentation. We regard the variable noding and rib formation as intraspecific variability possibly driven byenvironmental factors. In general,the number and degree of ribs increases with water depth in ? L. dorsotuberosa. Thus,theornamentation may present a means to reconstruct(paleo) water depths. Our list is intended to serve as a taxonomical andpaleoecological primer for future paleolimnological work. | C. Wrozyna P. Frenzel Manping Xie Liping Zhu A. Schwalb | 2009 | 第四纪研究2009，29，4： | 3 |
| 7 | Testing the robustness of particle-based separation models for the magnetic separation of a complex skarn ore显示文摘Physical separation processes are best understood in terms of the behaviour of individual ore particles.Yet,while different empirical particle-based separation modelling approaches have been developed,their predictive performance has never been tested under variable process conditions.Here,we investigated the predictive performance of a state-of-the-art particle-based separation model under variable feed composition for a laboratory-scale magnetic separation of a skarn ore.Two scenarios were investigated:one in which the mass flow of the different processing streams could be measured and one in which it had to be estimated from data.In both scenarios,the predictive models were sufficiently general to predict the process outcomes of new samples of variable composition.Nevertheless,the scenario in which mass flow could be measured was4%more precise in predicting mass balances.The process behaviour of minerals present at concentrations above 0.1%by weight could be accurately predicted.Our findings indicate the potential use of this method to minimize the costs of metallurgical testwork while providing in-depth understanding of the recovery behaviour of individual ore particles.Moreover,the method may be used to establish powerful tools to forecast mineral recoveries for partly new ore types at a running mining operation. | Lucas Pereira Max Frenzel Markus Buchmann Marius Kern Raimon Tolosana-Delgado K.Gerald van den Boogaart Jens Gutzmer | 2022 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2022，32，3： | 3 |
| 8 | 西藏普莫雍错介形类反映的中晚全新世以来湖面波动与环境变化显示文摘西藏普莫雍错位于喜马拉雅山脉印度季风雨影区,主要由冰川融水补给。根据湖泊的等深线分布和主要补给河流的入湖路径,对采自普莫雍错1~62 m水深范围的表层沉积物介形类和相关水环境参数进行了分析。结果表明,普莫雍错表层沉积物中含有7属9种介形类,其分布主要受湖泊水深、pH值、温度和光合有效辐射等环境因子的影响。介形类与水环境因子的降维对应分析、典型对应分析结果显示,水深是影响表层沉积物介形类分布的最重要的环境因子,用偏最小二乘法加权平均回归与校正模型建立的介形类-水深转换函数具有较高的精度与可靠性。利用此转换函数模型和一个72 cm长重力湖芯的介形类属种分析结果,定量重建了湖泊水深波动历史。湖面波动与湖芯的总有机碳、总无机碳、粒度等代用指标比较结果表明,普莫雍错6.0 kaBP以来的环境变化具有6.0~4.3 kaBP的温凉浅湖面期、4.3~2.0 kaBP温暖的湖面波动期及2.0 kaBP以来温暖的湖面扩张期。 | 彭萍 朱立平 鞠建廷 Peter Frenzel Claudia Wrozyna | 2012 | 气候变化研究进展2012，8，5： | 3 |
| 9 | Multiband emission from single β-NaYF_(4)(Yb,Er) nanoparticles at high excitation power densities and comparison to ensemble studies显示文摘Ensemble and single particle studies of the excitation power density (P)-dependent upconversion luminescence (UCL) of core and core-shell β-NaYF_(4):Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with 20% Yb^(3+) and 1% or 3% Er^(^(3+)) performed over a P regime of 6 orders of magnitude reveal an increasing contribution of the emission from high energy Er^(3+) levels at P > 1 kW/cm^(2). This changes the overall emission color from initially green over yellow to white. While initially the green and with increasing P the red emission dominate in ensemble measurements at P < 1 kW/cm^(2), the increasing population of higher Er^(^(3+)) energy levels by multiphotonic processes at higher P in single particle studies results in a multitude of emission bands in the ultraviolet/visible/near infrared (UV/vis/NIR) accompanied by a decreased contribution of the red luminescence. Based upon a thorough analysis of the P-dependence of UCL, the emission bands activated at high P were grouped and assigned to 2–3, 3–4, and 4 photonic processes involving energy transfer (ET), excited-state absorption (ESA), cross-relaxation (CR), back energy transfer (BET), and non-radiative relaxation processes (nRP). This underlines the P-tunability of UCNP brightness and color and highlights the potential of P-dependent measurements for mechanistic studies required to manifest the population pathways of the different Er^(3+) levels. | Florian Frenzel Christian Würth Oleksii Dukhno Frédéric Przybilla Lisa MWiesholler Verena Muhr Thomas Hirsch Yves Mély Ute Resch-Genger | 2021 | Nano Research2021，14，11： | 3 |
| 10 | Herbal hepatotoxicity: suspected cases assessed for alternative causes显示文摘 | Rolf Teschke Johannes Schulze Alexander Schwarzenboeck Axel Eickhoff Christian Frenzel | 2013 | European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology2013，，9： | 2 |
| 11 | Spectrophotmetric determination of phenolic compounds by flow-injection analysis 显示文摘 | Frenzel W Frenzel J O Morlen J | 1992 | Analytica Chimica Acta1992，261，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Structural and functional alterotions of the intramyocardal coronary arterioles in patients with arterial hypertension显示文摘 | Schwartzkopff B Motz W Frenzel H | 1993 | Circulation1993，88，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Insulin growth factor-1 gene transfer enhances neurovascular remodeling and improves long-term stroke outcome in mice显示文摘 | Zhu W Fan Y Frenzel T | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 14 | Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation improves long-term stroke outcome in mice 显示文摘 | Fan Y Shen F Frenzel T | 2010 | Ann Neurol2010，67，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Methane emission from hypersaline microbial mats:lack of aerobic methane oxidation activity显示文摘 | Conrad R Frenzel P Cohen | 2006 | FEMS Microbiology Ecology2006，16，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Nitrification and enitrification in the rhizosphere of rice:the detection of processes by anwe multi-chamel electrode显示文摘 | Arth Frenzel P | 2000 | Biol Fert Soil2000，31，： | 1 |
| 17 | The genomic organization of the rat AT1 angiotensin receptor显示文摘 | Langford KG Frenzel K Martin BM Bernstein KE | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Leftventricular basal fibrous myocardial aneurysm in a 3-week-old girl显示文摘 | SCHWARTZKOPFF B FRENZEL H MEYER H | 1983 | Z Kardiol1983，72，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Nanosized BiOX (X= Cl, Br,I) particles synthesized in reverse microe mulsions显示文摘 | Henle J Simon P Frenzel A | 2007 | ChemMater2007，19，： | 1 |
| 20 | A new model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy显示文摘 | Frenzel EM Neely KA WalshAW | 1998 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci1998，39，11： | 1 |
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